Narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning about events through a chain of events in a cause-and-effect relationship occurring over time. It can be applied to films, TV, photos, and magazines, though analyzing narratives in internet media like social media profiles is more complex. Theories include Propp's identification of common character types like heroes and villains, Todorov's structure of equilibrium disruption and repair, Barthes' codes that shape meaning, and Levi-Strauss examining how stories reflect cultural myths and beliefs. Narrative analysis considers how elements like editing, sound and events create meaning for audiences.
Narrative theory made easy By Dr. Iram RizviIram Rizvi
Narrative theory gives us an insight how human communication has evolved. The theory helps us to understand the meaning of human communication. This theory is widely used to study Film, News and Group Communication
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
Narrative theory
1. Narrative Theory
‘Narrative isdefinedas a chain of eventsin a cause- effectrelationshipoccurringin time (Bordwell
and Thompson).’
Narrative theoryanalysesthe wayinwhichmediatextscommunicate meaningaboutevents.Itcan
be appliedtoa range of differentmediaincludingfilm,TV,photographsandmagazines.Narrative
analysisof internetbasedmediaismore problematicthoughmaystill be relevant.Forexample,how
a person’sFacebookprofilecreatesanarrative abouttheirlife.
Edward Branigan (1992)
Braniganargues that narrative is‘a way of organisingspatial and temporal eventsintoa cause-
effectchain of eventswitha beginning,middle andendthat embodiesajudgementabout the
nature of events.’
Vladimir Propp (1928)
A Russiantheoristwhosuggeststhere’salimitednumberof charactertypesthatshare a function.
Whenan audience readsamediatext,itdeploysitsknowledgeof these charactertypesinorderto
decode the meaningof the text.
The typesinclude:
1. Villain
2. Hero
3. Donor – providesanobjecttothe herowhichaidsthe hero
4. Helper– the sidekick
5. Princess– rewardforthe heroand objectof villain’sschemes (the loveinterest)
6. Father – someone whorewardsthe hero
7. Dispatcher – someone whosendsthe heroonhisway
8. False hero – also laysclaimto the princessbutisunsuitable andcausescomplications
Tzetan Todorov (1969)
1. Equilibrium
2. Disruptionof equilibrium
3. Recognitionof the disruption
4. An attempttorepairthe damage
5. Newequilibrium
2. Roland Barthes (1960s)
Recognised5codes:
1. Action Code – referstoeventstakingplace throughaction
2. Referential Code – referstothe informationandexplanation
3. Semantic Code – refersto charactersand characterisation
4. Enigma Code – narrative device thatteasesthe audiencebypresentingapuzzle orriddle to
be solved ->worksto delaythe story’sendingpleasurably
5. SymbolicCode – referstothe connotationsof signs
Claude Levi-Strauss (1972)
Examinedhowstoriesunconsciouslyreflectthe values,beliefsandmythsof aculture.These are
usuallyexpressedinthe formof binary oppositions. Hisresearchhas beenadaptedbytheoriststo
reveal underlyingthemesandsymbolicoppositionsintexts.
Allan Cameron: Modular Narratives (2008)
Anachronic – modifiedflashbacks-flashforwards,nocleardominance betweennarrative threads
Forking-Path– alternative versionsof the story,outcomesthatmightresultfromslightchanges
Episodic– collectionof storiesjoinedbyacommontheme
Splitscreen – spatial ratherthan temporal lines
Postmodern Narratives
1. Irony,playfulness,blackhumour
2. Intertextuality
3. Pastiche - an artisticworkin a style thatimitatesthatof another work,artist,or period
4. Metanarratives – a narrative withinanarrative
5. Extreme self-reflexivity/self-awareness
6. Temporal distortion
7. Hyperreality
Narrative Analysis
Involvesconsideringhowarange of elements(miseenscene,editing,cinematography,sound,
events) create meaningforanaudience.Focusesonhow the meaningsmade bythe audience are
constructed.
