1. The film follows a family - mother Wendy, father Jack, and son Danny - who take care of an isolated hotel for the winter. As Jack's mental state deteriorates in isolation, he becomes increasingly violent towards his family. Danny uses his psychic abilities to communicate warnings. In the climax, Jack chases Wendy and Danny with an axe, but Danny uses his abilities to convince Jack not to kill them. Wendy and Danny then escape back home on a snowmobile to restore the original equilibrium. 2. Danny is the hero who saves himself and his mother from his villainous father Jack. The chef initially helps Danny but is later killed by Jack. Wendy acts as a donor protecting Danny. The hotel represents the force

1. Narrative analysis {Shining}
1. Can you identify the different stages in the narrative structure of the
film?
What is the initial state of equilibrium?
Equilibrium – the balanced normality of the world previous to the
story.
-Family of three {Mother Wendy, Father Jack and son Danny}
-Young family father has to overlook an isolated hotel
-Jack the father is presented as an enigmatic character {Someone who
engages the audience}
-Wendy’s personality is presented as a naïve character and has sympathy
for her husband at a certain extent, Jack is a dominant character and
is portrayed less sympathetic manner, Danny appears to be lonely,
curious nervous boy however he has terrifying visions of the overlook
hotel.
What is the conflict/problem in the narrative?
Disequilibrium – (Disruption/Recognition of disruption): The unbalanced
world between the problem and the climax.
-Isolation of the hotel creates conflict causing Jack to lose his mind
physiologically. They are a typical nuclear family who soon become
dysfunctional the intimate love between them soon begins to break and
arguments begin to happen.

2. Narrative analysis {Shining}
When/how is the conflict presented?
Disequilibrium – Disruption
-The conflict is presented when the family leave their home to live at
the hotel.
-As Danny starts to explore the hotel, he starts to play darts when the
Grady twins appear this creates enigma
-As Mr Ullman shows jack and Wendy round the hotel Danny is left with
the chef, the chef calls Dann by his nickname and they use telepathy
communication this creates suspense as the adduce don’t know how the
chef knows his nickname.
When/how is the journey into the unknown presented? What happens in the
journey into the unknown in this narrative?
Disequilibrium – Disruption
-As jack and Danny enter the maze, Danny plans an exit route whilst
Jack becomes delliosined in the mind he soon dies. Danny soon reunites
with his mum and they exit to get back home using the snowmobile
vehicle
List as many twists and turns as you can remember.
Disequilibrium –Recognition of disruption.
-Discovering the twins appear after every corner
-Flood of blood pouring out created enigma
-Jack appears with an axe to kill Wendy in the bathroom
-Jacks abusive behaviour
-Wendy attempts to escape through the window
-Jack breaks the snow-mobile vehicle
When/how is the breaking point presented?
Disequilibrium –Recognition of disruption.
-Chef tells Danny at the beginning never to go in the room 237
-However, jack enters the room and sees a young beautiful woman until
he kisses her, she becomes the corpse this represents power of evil
than takes over jack and the hotel.
-Jack kills the chef with an axe
-Jack dies in the maze
-Wendy and Danny try to escape through the window and happily return
back home

3. Narrative analysis {Shining}
When/how is the final confrontation presented?
New Equilibrium – Attempt to repair.
-Wendy first confronts jack when she realises that he types the same
thing over and over again “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”
-Wend finally confronts him as she is walking up the stair backwords
with jack following her
-Jacks final confrontation with Danny in the bedroom “I will never kill
you”
When/how is the climax presented? What happens in the climax of this
narrative?
New Equilibrium – Attempt to repair.
-Wendy and Danny can hear jack’s footsteps and they soon become scared
and hide in the bathroom
-Wendy discovers Danny’s scars on his neck and blames Jack as he has
done this in past
Are there a resolution of the problem/conflict and a reinstatement of
the original equilibrium (or a new form of equilibrium)?
New Equilibrium –Reinstatement: A return to normality at the end –
returning the world to balanced state.
-Chef tries to contact them but he cnnot get through he then rings the
services to help him het tells them to ring Wendy upstairs but Jack
disconnects everything
-Jack dies in the maze
-Wendy manages to escape
2. Can you identify the different archetypical characters of this
narrative?
Who is/are the hero/ine(s)?
 Individual(s) whose quest is to restore the equilibrium.
-Danny is the hero he helps to save himself and his mother from his
evil father, Danny is a very intelligent character who is gifted with
telepathic and psychic abilities that let him communicate.
Who is/are the villain(s)?
-Jack is the villain he takes the role as an isolate manager he
believes that this will give him and his family space and time they
deserve however he is wrong jack becomes increasingly dangerous who
disrupts everything and everyone.

4. Narrative analysis {Shining}
Is there a dispatcher(s)? Who is/are the dispatcher(s)?
-The chef is the dispatcher in this film he connects with Danny and
shares his psychic abilities with Danny the chef is the only character
who has worrisome visions about the whereabouts of Wendy and Danny.
Is there a donor(s)? Who is/are the donor(s)?
-Wendy is presented as the donor she is presented a s a loving and
protective mother of Danny she sees Jack as a threat towards her and
her son but she still remains calm as Jack becomes violent.
Is there a helper(s)? Who is/are the helper(s)
- Chef is seen to be the helper as he the travels through the
torrential snow to see fi the Torrance family are in any danger he
plays the heroic role in the film.
Is/are there an individual(s) who needs help, protecting and saving
(Princess/Prince) and is/are saved by the hero/ine? What character
plays this role in this narrative?
-Wendy and Danny
Is there an individual who acts to reward the hero for his/her effort
(The Father/The King)? What character plays this role in this
narrative?
-N/A
Is there an individual who is set out to undermine the hero's quest by
pretending to aid them (false hero)? What character plays this role in
this narrative?
-N/A
3. What are the binary opposites in this story? List as many as you can:
The problems in a narrative stem from the conflict between one force
and another and it is because of these conflicts that a narrative
moves forward.
-There are many binary opposition’s in this film:
-Good V.s Evil {Chef is the one who helps the Torrance family and
Jack is the evil one who ahs psychologically lost his mind and
decides to kill the chef}
-Sanity V.s Insanity {Wendy tries to keep calm towards Jack, but Jack
on the other hand cannot control his craziness and wants to kill
them}
-Female V.s Male {Wendy the only female character confronts jack and
does not show that she is scared in anyway there are many male
dominant characters represented in this film}

5. Narrative analysis {Shining}
-Young V.s Old {Danny the youngest character is presented with great
confidence in comparison to the older characters they become weary of
their surroundings and each other}
4. How does this film operate what Roland Barthes calls the hermeneutic
narrative code? In other words: What is/are the enigma/s in this
film? List as many as you can:
Problems and their complications (twists and turns) create enigmas
for the audience.
The audience are engaged by the enigma, and are naturally curious as
to find out what actions will be undertaken and how the problems will
be solved.
-Why is Jack so violent?
-Why does Grady persuade Jack to kill his family?
-Why do the girls appear after every corner?
5. How does this film operate what Roland Barthes calls the proairetic
code? In other words: How do the characters actions help to develop
the narrative? What are the actions that the characters follow in
order to reinstate a new equilibrium in the story?
 The proairetic code refers to the actions that the characters take to
solve the conflict/problem in the narrative. These actions conform
the behaviour of the characters.
-
6. How does this film operate what Roland Barthes calls the cultural
code? In other words: What previous knowledge do we need in order to
understand this story?
 The cultural code designates any element in a narrative that refers
"to a science or a body of knowledge“. In other words, the cultural
codes tend to point to our shared knowledge about the way the world
works.
-Jack become s crazy and soon after his mental health issues begin to
take over his knowledge
-The consequence of Jack treating his family with violence and danger
means they have to run away and go back home
7. How does this film operate what Roland Barthes calls the
semic/semantic code? In other words: What are the connotations in the
characters, actions, locations that contribute to build the
narrative?
 This code refers to the connotations within the story that gives
additional meaning over the basic denotative meaning of the words and
actions.

6. Narrative analysis {Shining}
 It is by the use of extended meaning that can be applied to words,
objects and actions that authors can paint rich pictures with
relatively limited text.
-Scars on Danny’s body suggest conflict between one another
-Jack abusive and violent
-Window suggests an escape route
-Blood pouring out of the room suggests danger
-Labyrinth represents Jack’s human mind
-Twins represent danger and insecurity
-Mountains represent the journey they have gone through {Metaphor}
8. How does this film operate what Roland Barthes calls the symbolic
code? In other words: What are the symbols in the characters,
actions, locations that contribute to build the narrative?
 The symbolic code refers to organized systems of semes (Any
element in the narrative which serves for any purpose as
a representation or sign of an abstract concept, an idea, an
object, a person, etc.)
 When two connotative elements are placed in opposition or brought
together by the narrator, they form an element of the Symbolic
Code.
-Jack symbolises force of evilness towards the family
-Jacks mind is presented as the labyrinth for insanity
-Hotel appears haunted and symbol of ruining the family
-Snow shows how the family get stuck and cant get out