Nanotechnology has many applications in medicine including drug delivery, cancer therapy, Alzheimer's disease treatment, and tuberculosis treatment. Nanoparticles are effective for drug delivery because their small size allows them to be taken up by cells and later break down, releasing the pharmaceutical agent inside the cell. Gold nanoparticles have been used to treat cancer by absorbing radiation and heating up to kill tumor cells. Nanoparticles have also been engineered for targeted delivery of drugs to the brain and lungs for Alzheimer's and tuberculosis treatment respectively. While promising, nanomaterials must also be evaluated for toxicity to address potential health and environmental risks.

1. WELCOME TO MY PRESENTATION…
Nanotechnology in Medicine
Presented By Supervised By:
Md. Iqbal Ahmed Rana Taqiyah Akhtar
Roll No: 339 Lecturer
Dept. of Pharmacy Dept. of Pharmacy
World University Of Bangladesh World University Of Bangladesh

2. Outlines
■ Introduction
■ History
■ Applications Of Nanotechnology in Medicine
■ Toxicity Of Nanomaterials
■ Applications Of Nanotechnology in Other Sectors
■ Conclusion

3. Introduction
■ Nanoparticles are particles between 1 and 100 nanometers (nm)
in size with a surrounding interfacial layer. The interfacial layer
is an integral part of nanoscale matter, fundamentally affecting
all of its properties. In nanotechnology, a particle is defined as a
small object that behaves as a whole unit with respect to its
transport and properties.
■ Example’s of Nanoparticles
■ Aluminium
■ Zinc Oxide
■ Iron And Iron Oxides
■ Polyethylene
■ Aluminium Oxide

4. History of Nanotechnology
■ On December 29, 1959, physicist
Richard Feynman gave a radical
lecture at an American Physical
Society meeting at Caltech titled
“There’s Plenty of Room at the
Bottom”.
■ Feynman suggested that it should
be possible to make machines at
a nano-scale that "arrange the
atoms the way we want", and do
chemical synthesis by
mechanical manipulation.
■ This lecture was the birth of the idea and study of nanotechnology.

5. Classification of nanomaterials
■ Based on Dimensionality
a.1D nanomaterials
b. 2d nanomaterials
c. 3d nanomaterials

6. Classification of nanomaterials
■ Based on the Morphology of NPs and nanocomposites
(a)Monodispersed Cu NPs
(b) Fe nanorods
(c) Cu–si core–shell NPs
(d) porous Fe3O4
(e) Fe3O4 cubes decorated with Ni NPs
(f) porous silica spheres with γ-Fe2o3
(g) γ-Fe2o3 NPs embedded in porous
Silica spheres

7. Classification of nanomaterials
■ Based on NP chemical composition
a. Mixed structure
b. Core–shell structure
c. Layered structure

8. A. Drug Delivery
Because of their small sizes, nanoparticles are taken by cells where large
particles would be excluded or cleared from the body
■ A nanoparticles carries the pharmaceutical
agent inside its core, while its shell is functionalized
with a binding agent.
■ Through the binding agent the targeted
nanoparticle recognizes the target cell.
The functionalized nanoparticle shell interacts with
the cell membrane.
■ The nanoparticle is ingested inside the cell, and
interacts with the biomolecule inside the cell
■ The nanoparticles breaks and the pharmaceutical
agent is released.

9. B. Cancer Therapy
■ A recent study conducted by NIH found anti-cancer gold nanoparticles very
effective.
■ Gold “nanoshells” are useful to fight cancer because of their ability to absorb
radiation at certain wavelengths. Once the nanoshells enter tumor cells and
radiation treatment is applied, they absorb the energy and heat up enough to kill
the cancer cells.
■ Not only gold but
other elements can
also be used.

10. C . Alzheimer's disease
■ Nano technology finds significant applications in neurology.
These approaches are based on the, early
AD diagnosis and treatment is made possible
by designing and engineering of a plethora of
nanoparticulate entities with high specificity
for brain capillary endothelial cells.

11. D. Tuberculosis treatment
■ The advancements in nano-based drug delivery systems for
encapsulation and release of anti-TB drugs can lead to
development of a more effective and affordable TB
pharmacotherapy
■ Ability to control and targeted drug delivery
■ Improve stability
■ Ability to encapsulate high drug content
■ Carry both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs

12. E. Ophthalmology
■ Measurement of intraocular pressure
■ For treatment of choroidal new vessels
■ Treatment of retinal degenerative disease
■ Nanoscale-dispersed eye ointment (NDE) for the
treatment of severe evaporative dry eye

13. F. Surgery
■ The role of nanotechnology in surgery is evident in miniaturization of
surgical tool. In US, Rice University hyas made a significant invention
named “flesh Welding”. Flesh welding is a new technology which can
replace the old clumsy and infection prone stitching method after
surgery.
■ Less chance of any
mistakes and faults
■ Surgery could also be
done on tissue, genetic
and cellular level

14. H. Diabetes
■ Nanotechnology in diabetes research has facilitated
the development of novel glucose measurement and
insulin delivery modalities which hold the potential to
dramatically improve quality of life for diabetics.

15. Toxicity of nanomaterials
■ Biological Toxicity
■ Intravenous, Dermal, Subcutaneous, Inhalation and Oral
■ Allergy, fibrosis, inflammation, tissue damage, DNA damage
■ Environmental Toxicity
■ Nanoparticles pollution, by depossiotion of nanoparticles in
ground water & soil

16. Other Applications of Nanotechnology
■ Nanotechnology in Energy
■ Textile Industry
■ Environment
■ Electronics
■ Mechanical industries
■ Ceramic Engineering
■ Cosmetics
■ Food Packaging
■ Food Safety

17. Conclusion
■ It is a revolutionary science that will change all
what we knew before.
■ We could say that the prospects of
nanotechnology are very bright.
■ Nanotechnology will be an undeniable in near
future.