This document discusses the thermal insulation properties of aerogel and nanogel filled polycarbonate sheets. It provides CAD models and finite element analysis of standard and nanogel filled sheets of various thicknesses. The standard sheets showed U-values ranging from 1.425 to 2.974 W/m2K while the nanogel filled sheets showed lower U-values ranging from 0.535 to 1.473 W/m2K, representing improvements in thermal insulation of 50-62% compared to standard sheets.

1. Daylighting
Polycarbonate filled with Nanogel
Essential for Successful Green Design

2. Daylighting
Delivers
substantial and
Provided by
measurable
Daylighting
benefits
2

3. Aerogel Innovative Technology
Made from pure silicon dioxide, aerogel
is the lightest and best insulating
material in the world. 3

4. What is Aerogel?
Aerogel offers a unique combination of properties:
• Granular particles
• Fine silicon structure
Heat
• 3% solids - 97% air
• Highly porous
•R value of 8 / in.
• 0.65 lb. / cu.ft.
• Hydrophobic
Illustration depicts the highly
porous structure of aerogel.

5. Performance Features of Aerogel
Aerogel’s unique combination of properties provide performance
benefits unequaled in existing building materials:
Heat Heat Heat Transfer Minimized
Sound Sound Transmission Reduced
Light Light is Diffused
Moisture
Moisture • Average pore size is 20 nanometers
Repelled

6. The Nanogel Team:

7. Typical property values based on Lexan* products.
Clear Opal White SCIR Green Bronze
Wt. Insulation SoundLight Shad. Solar Light Shad. Solar Light Shad. Solar Light Shad. Solar Light Shad. Solar
Tran
Lb/sqf U-R s. Trans. Coef. SHGC Trans. Trans. Coef. SHGC Trans. Trans. Coef. SHGC Trans. Trans. Coef. SHGC Trans. Trans. Coef. SHGC Trans.
10mm
2 wall Stand. 0.35 0.52-1.92 19 80 0.92 0.8 80 64 0.78 0.68 68 33 .51 .44 44 62 0.69 0.60 69 50 0.71 0.62 62
Lexan Nanogel 0.50 0.26-3.86 72 0.81 0.7 70 49 0.65 0.57 57 32 .49 .43 43 56 0.60 0.52 60 44 0.66 0.57 57
16mm
3 wall Stand. 0.57 0.40-2.50 21 74 0.9 0.78 78 54 0.66 0.57 57 36 0.51 0.44 44 55 0.60 0.52 52 46 0.65 0.57 57
Lexan Nanogel 0.80 0.17-5.92 62 0.71 0.62 62 48 0.61 0.53 53 32 0.47 0.41 41 45 0.37 0.32 32 37 0.57 0.50 50
20mm
3 wall Stand. 0.62 0.37-2.74 22 70 0.79 0.69 69
Lexan Nanogel 0.91 0.14-7.25 59 0.69 0.60 60
25mm
3 wall Stand. 0.67 0.34-2.99 22 72 0.82 0.71 71 11 0.30 0.26 26
Lexan Nanogel 1.03 0.11-9.01 59 0.7 0.61 61 9 0.27 0.23 23
40mm
click Stand. 0.82 0.26-3.79 24 59 0.73 0.64 64 50 0.66 0.57 57 38 0.46 0.40 40
Lexan Nanogel 1.40 0.09-10.62 40 0.53 0.46 46 37 0.50 0.44 44
• % Light Transmission ISO 9050, EN410 D65 (380-780 nm)
* Shading Coefficient & SHGC ISO 9050, EN410
• U Value (Btu/h ft^2 F) ISO 10077 (EN673)
The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) is the Total Solar Transmission (TST) divided by 100.
The Shading Coefficient (SC) is the Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) divided by 0.87.

8. Nanogel filled Lexan* Thermoclear Multi Wall
Sheet (MWS): U Value Calculations
Simulation Conforms to International Standards
(ISO 10077-2:2003(E))
09 Jun 2010
Report No: A016 R2
Prepared by Dr Raj C Thiagarajan, ATOA Scientific Technologies
www.atoastech.com
Thermal Performance Predictions

9. Input for Thermal Analysis
Lexan 10 mm twin wall MWS with Nanogel
Lexan 16 mm triple wall MWS with Nanogel
Lexan 20 mm triple wall MWS with Nanogel
Lexan 25 mm triple wall MWS with Nanogel
Lexan 40 mm Thermoclick MWS with Nanogel
Thermal conductivity of the Nanogel -12 mW/m-K
Density of the Nanogel 70 kg/m3
Specific heat of the Nanogel - Approx. 1 KJ/kg-K
Emissivity of the Nanogel ~ >0.9

10. Analysis Details & Assumptions
ABAQUS® 6.9. Standard and CAE are used for Pre, Post processing
and Analysis.
The calculation is carried out using a 2D heat transfer analysis
conforming to EN ISO 10211-1:1995(E)
It is assumed that principle heat flow in the section is perpendicular
to a plane parallel to the external and internal surfaces. It is assumed
that the emissivity of the surfaces adjoining the air cavities is 0.9
(ISO 10077-2:2003(E))
Solid continuum (DC2D4 & DC2D3) element is used
The following typical properties of Lexan* Polycarbonate is used.
The air gap thermal conductivity are predicted as per ISO (ISO 10077-
2:2003(E)

11. Problem Formulation
The U-value was predicted as per ISO 10211 .
The air cavity thermal properties was predicted as per ISO
10077-2.
For Nanogel the Lexan* MWS cavity thermal property was
replaced with Nanogel thermal properties.
Internal and external heat transfer coefficients for U value
prediction are as per ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)/ EN 673
External heat transfer coefficient, he = 25 W/m2K
Internal heat transfer coefficient, hi = 7.7 W/m2K
Both the standard Lexan MWS and Nanogel filled Lexan MWS
results are reported.

12. LTC10 2RS CAD & FEM Model for Thermal Simulation
CAD Geometry :
Sheet thickness : 10 mm
Outer/inner skin thickness : 0.45 mm
Rib thickness : 0.36 mm
Distance between ribs = 10.7 mm
CAD+ Sectional thermal
property
LEXAN k = 0.21 W/mK
Nanogel k = 0.012 W/mK
Boundary condition:
he: 25 W/m2K
hi: 7.7 W/m2K
dT = 20oC
and
FEM Mesh

13. LTC10 2RS: Standard Simulation Results
ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)/
EN 673
Temp Distribution Plot
External heat transfer
coefficient, he = 25
W/m2K
Internal heat transfer
coefficient, hi = 7.7
W/m2K
Heat flux:
58.94 W/m2
Temp Difference: 20oC
Calculated U Value : Heat Flux Distribution Plot
2.947 W/m2K

14. LTC10 2RS: Nanogel Simulation Results
ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)/ EN 673
Temp Distribution Plot
External heat transfer
coefficient, he = 25 W/m2K
Internal heat transfer
coefficient, hi = 7.7 W/m2K
Heat flux:
29.46 W/m2
Temp Difference: 20oC
Calculated U Value :
1.473 W/m2K
Heat Flux Distribution Plot

15. LTC16 3TS
CAD Geometry : CAD & FEM Model for Thermal Simulation
Sheet thickness : 16 mm
Outer/inner skin thickness : 0.80/0.75 mm
Rib thickness : 0.50 mm
Mid skin thickness : 0.20 mm
Distance between ribs = 20 mm
CAD + Sectional thermal property
LEXAN k = 0.21 W/mK
Nanogel k = 0.012 W/mK
Boundary condition:
he: 25 W/m2K
hi: 7.7 W/m2K
dT = 20oC
and
FEM Mesh

16. LTC16 3TS: Standard Simulation Results
ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)/ EN 673
External heat transfer Temp Distribution Plot
coefficient, he = 25 W/m2K
Internal heat transfer
coefficient, hi = 7.7 W/m2K
Heat flux:
45.37 W/m2
Temp Difference: 20oC
Calculated U Value :
2.268 W/m2K
Heat Flux Distribution Plot

17. LTC16 3TS: Nanogel Simulation Results
ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)/ EN 673
External heat transfer Temp Distribution Plot
coefficient, he = 25 W/m2K
Internal heat transfer
coefficient, hi = 7.7 W/m2K
Heat flux:
19.18 W/m2
Temp Difference: 20oC
Calculated U Value :
0.959 W/m2K
Heat Flux Distribution Plot

18. LTC20 3TS
CAD Geometry : CAD & FEM Model for Thermal Simulation
Sheet thickness : 20 mm
Outer/inner skin thickness : 0.80/0.75 mm
Rib thickness : 0.50 mm
Mid skin thickness : 0.20 mm
Distance between ribs = 20 mm
CAD + Sectional thermal property
LEXAN k = 0.21 W/mK
Nanogel k = 0.012 W/mK
Boundary condition:
he: 25 W/m2K
hi: 7.7 W/m2K
dT = 20oC
and
FEM Mesh

19. LTC20 3TS: Standard Simulation Results
ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)/ EN 673
External heat transfer coefficient,
Temp Distribution Plot
he = 25 W/m2K
Internal heat transfer coefficient,
hi = 7.7 W/m2K
Heat flux:
41.48 W/m2
Temp Difference: 20oC
Calculated U Value :
2.074 W/m2K
Heat Flux Distribution Plot

20. LTC20 3TS: Nanogel Simulation Results
ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)/ EN 673
External heat transfer
Temp Distribution Plot
coefficient, he = 25 W/m2K
Internal heat transfer
coefficient, hi = 7.7 W/m2K
Heat flux:
15.630 W/m2
Temp Difference: 20oC
Calculated U Value :
0.782 W/m2K
Heat Flux Distribution Plot

21. LTC25 3TS
CAD Geometry : CAD & FEM Model for Thermal Simulation
Sheet thickness : 25 mm
Outer/inner skin thickness : 0.80/0.75 mm
Rib thickness : 0.50 mm
Mid skin thickness : 0.20 mm
Distance between ribs = 20 mm
CAD + Sectional thermal property
LEXAN k = 0.21 W/mK
Nanogel k = 0.012 W/mK
Boundary condition:
he: 25 W/m2K
hi: 7.7 W/m2K
dT = 20oC
and
FEM Mesh

22. LTC25 3TS: Standard Simulation Results
ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)/ EN 673
External heat transfer Temp Distribution Plot
coefficient, he = 25 W/m2K
Internal heat transfer
coefficient, hi = 7.7 W/m2K
Heat flux:
38.08 W/m2
Temp Difference: 20oC
Calculated U Value :
1.903 W/m2K
Heat Flux Distribution Plot

23. LTC25 3TS: Nanogel Simulation Results
ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)/ EN 673
External heat transfer coefficient,
Temp Distribution Plot
he = 25 W/m2K
Internal heat transfer coefficient,
hi = 7.7 W/m2K
Heat flux:
12.70 W/m2
Temp Difference: 20oC
Calculated U Value :
0.635 W/m2K
Heat Flux Distribution Plot

24. Segment of CAD & FEM Model
LTC40/4X
CAD Geometry :
Sheet thickness : 40 mm
Outer/inner skin thickness : 1.0 mm
Rib thickness : 0.80 mm
Mid skin thickness : 0.20 mm
Diagonal Rib thickness : 0.80 mm
Distance between ribs = 40 mm
CAD + Sectional thermal property
FEM Mesh
LEXAN k = 0.21 W/mK
Nanogel k = 0.012 W/mK
Boundary condition:
he: 25 W/m2K
hi: 7.7 W/m2K
dT = 20oC
24

25. LTC40/4X: Standard: Simulation Results
•ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)/ EN 673
•External heat transfer coefficient, he = 25 W/m2K
•Internal heat transfer coefficient, hi = 7.7 W/m2K
Temp distribution Plot
Heat flux distribution Plot
Heat flux: 14.250 W/m2 , Temp Diff. 20 oC, U Value : 1.425 W/m2K
25

26. LTC40/4X: Nanogel: Simulation Results
ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)/ EN 673
External heat transfer coefficient, he = 25 W/m2K
Internal heat transfer coefficient, hi = 7.7 W/m2K
Temp distribution Plot
Heat flux distribution Plot
Heat flux: 5.353 W/m2 , Temp Diff. 20oC, U Value :0.535 W/m2K
26

27. Summary
Sabic Innovative Plastics proprietary and confidential data.
Typical properties based on Lexan* Thermalclear* products.
Sl. Sheet Type Cavity He Hi dT Q U
No
W/m2 K W/m2 K 0C W/m2 W/m2 K
1 25 7.7 20 58.941 2.947
10mm 2 walls Air
2 25 7.7 20 29.461 1.473 50%
LTC102RS Nanogel
3 25 7.7 20 45.367 2.268
16mm Triple Wall Air
4 25 7.7 20 19.183 0.959 58%
LTC16 3TS Nanogel
5 25 7.7 20 41.480 2.074
20mm Triple wall Air
6 25 7.7 20 15.630 0.782 62%
LTC20 3TS Nanogel
7 25 7.7 20 38.050 1.903
25mm Triple Wall Air
8 25 7.7 20 12.700 0.635 67%
LTC25 3TS Nanogel
9 25 7.7 20 14.250 1.425
40mm Thermoclick Air
10 25 7.7 20 5.353 0.535 62%
LTC40 4X Nanogel
Nanogel filled MWS shows significant
reduction in U value
27

28. Marketing toolkit heat box
Lexan* 25mm 3wall clear Lexan 25mm 3wall clear
MWS No Nanogel MWS with Nanogel
After 20 minutes temperature in space below sheet
no NG=41.2oC with NG= 37.3oC

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SUBSIDIARIES AND AFFILIATES (“SELLER”), ARE SOLD SUBJECT TO SELLER’S STANDARD CONDITIONS
OF SALE, WHICH CAN BE FOUND AT http://www.sabic-ip.com . AND ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST.
ALTHOUGH ANY INFORMATION OR RECOMMENDATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS GIVEN IN GOOD FAITH,
SELLER MAKES NO WARRANTY OR GUARANTEE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, (i) THAT THE RESULTS
DESCRIBED HEREIN WILL BE OBTAINED UNDER END-USE CONDITIONS, OR (ii) AS TO THE
EFFECTIVENESS OR SAFETY OF ANY DESIGN INCORPORATING SELLER’S PRODUCTS, SERVICES OR
RECOMMENDATIONS. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SELLER’S STANDARD CONDITIONS OF SALE, SELLER
SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY LOSS RESULTING FROM ANY USE OF ITS PRODUCTS OR
SERVICES DESCRIBED HEREIN.
Each user is responsible for making its own determination as to the suitability of Seller’s products,
services or recommendations for the user’s particular use through appropriate end-use testing and
analysis. Nothing in any document or oral statement shall be deemed to alter or waive any provision of
Seller’s Standard Conditions of Sale or this Disclaimer, unless it is specifically agreed to in a writing
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intended, or should be construed, to grant any license under any patent or other intellectual property
right of Seller or as a recommendation for the use of such product, service or design in a manner that
infringes any patent or other intellectual property right.
SABIC Innovative Plastics is a trademark of Sabic Europe Holdings BV
* Trademark of SABIC Innovative Plastics IP BV
® Trademark of Cabot Aerogel LLC

30. Please contact us:
Technical support:
deckel@ameriluxinternational.com
www.daylightspec.com