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1. GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
TOPIC : Mechanism of AIDS and its Immunodeficiencies
NAME OF THE STUDENT : ANKIT GHOSH
UNIVERSITY ROLL NUMBER : 31308421036
ACADEMIC SESSION : 2022-23
PAPER NAME : CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
PAPER CODE : GEMc 401
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology

2. B. Sc./ SEM 4/2022-23/ / CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY / GEMc 401 /Presentation_1
What is AIDS
ACQUIRED IMMUNO DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
.
Transmitted from
person to person
(not born with) (body’s defense system) (not working properly) (a group of signs and symptoms)
It affects the body’s immune
system, the part of the body which
usually works to fight off germs
such as bacteria and viruses
Malfunctioning
of the body’s
immune system
Someone with AIDS may
experience a wide range
of different diseases and
OIs
• HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks cells that help the body
fight infection, making a person more vulnerable to other infections and diseases.
• AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection that occurs when the body’s immune system
is badly damaged because of the virus.

3. B. Sc./ SEM 4/2022-23/ / CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY / GEMc 401 /Presentation_1
Replication of HIV
1. Attachment to host CD4 cell
2. Reverse transcriptase makes DNA from the virus’s
RNA
3. Integration into host cell’s nucleus
4. Reproduction of viral components
5. Assembly of new HIV viruses
6. Release

4. B. Sc./ SEM 4/2022-23/ / CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY / GEMc 401 /Presentation_1
How HIV cause AIDS?
Viral replication (8-10 years)
CD4 cell death
Further impairment of immune system
Increased likelihood of opportunistic
infections
AIDS

5. CONCLUSION
B. Sc./ SEM 4/2022-23/ / CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY / GEMc 401 /Presentation_1
Treatments
• The most effective treatment for HIV is highly active
antiretroviral therapy - a combination of several
antiretroviral medicines that aims to control the amount
of virus in your body.
• Other steps you can take include keeping your immune
system strong, taking medicines as prescribed, and
monitoring your CD4+ (white blood cells) counts to
check the effect of the virus on your immune system is
the best way to live longer with HIV.
FACTS
• 051,875 people in the U.S. have been
diagnosed with AIDS since the disease was
first diagnosed in 1981.
• You cannot get HIV/AIDS from touching or
hugging or Sharing cups. utensils, or
telephones with someone who has
HIVIAIDS

6. REFERENCE
B. Sc./ SEM 4/2022-23/ / CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY / GEMc 401 /Presentation_1
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-
20373524
• "What Are HIV and AIDS? | HIV.gov". www.hiv.gov. U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services (HHS). May 15, 2017.
• https://www.nhp.gov.in/disease/acquired-immunodeficiency-syndrome-aids-hiv