Nagasaki is located on the southern Japanese island of Kyushu. It has a population of around 459,000 people and was historically a major port city, trading extensively with Portugal in the 16th century. Nagasaki is sadly known for being the second city after Hiroshima to suffer an atomic bombing by the United States in 1945 towards the end of World War II, which killed over 70,000 people. Today shipbuilding remains a major industry in Nagasaki.