N5 History revision topics - The Cold War
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This document provides a summary of key topics to revise for the N5 History exam on the Cold War era. It outlines causes of the Cold War and roles of NATO and the Warsaw Pact. It also summarizes flashpoints like the Hungarian Revolution, Cuban Missile Crisis, and tensions in Berlin. Additionally, it covers the Vietnam War, including US involvement and opposition. Finally, it discusses changing relations in the late Cold War through détente and changes within the USSR in the 1980s.
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One reason for the end of the Cold War was the failure of communism in Eastern Europe. Protests and demonstrations in countries like Poland and East Germany undermined Soviet control over the satellite states. When Soviet leaders refused to use military force to crush the unrest, it marked the beginning of the end for communist rule in Eastern Europe and removed a key ideological difference between East and West that had defined the Cold War. This development put pressure on Soviet leaders to allow more freedom and democracy and ultimately led to the demise of the Soviet Union itself.
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The document provides information and guidance for students on an essay about the reasons for the end of the Cold War. It includes background context on the Cold War and when it ended. It lists several factors that could have contributed to the end of the Cold War and provides model paragraphs analyzing reasons like the Soviet defeat in Afghanistan, the failure of communism in Eastern Europe, and the roles of Gorbachev and Reagan. The document aims to help students structure a planned, evidenced essay analyzing the factors and determining which were the most important reasons for the Cold War's conclusion.
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Khrushchev underestimated the young President Kennedy, believing him to be inexperienced due to his ineffective response to the Bay of Pigs invasion and lack of military response to the Berlin Wall. This led Khrushchev to approve placing nuclear missiles in Cuba to gain a strategic advantage, but he misjudged Kennedy's resolve. Kennedy imposed a blockade on Cuba and secured a deal with Khrushchev to remove the missiles in exchange for pledging not to invade Cuba, bringing the world to the brink of nuclear war.
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One reason for the end of the Cold War was the failure of communism in Eastern Europe. Protests and demonstrations in countries like Poland and East Germany undermined Soviet control over the satellite states. When Soviet leaders refused to use military force to crush the unrest, it marked the beginning of the end for communist rule in Eastern Europe and removed a key ideological difference between East and West that had defined the Cold War. This development put pressure on Soviet leaders to allow more freedom and democracy and ultimately led to the demise of the Soviet Union itself.
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The document provides information and guidance for students on an essay about the reasons for the end of the Cold War. It includes background context on the Cold War and when it ended. It lists several factors that could have contributed to the end of the Cold War and provides model paragraphs analyzing reasons like the Soviet defeat in Afghanistan, the failure of communism in Eastern Europe, and the roles of Gorbachev and Reagan. The document aims to help students structure a planned, evidenced essay analyzing the factors and determining which were the most important reasons for the Cold War's conclusion.
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Khrushchev underestimated the young President Kennedy, believing him to be inexperienced due to his ineffective response to the Bay of Pigs invasion and lack of military response to the Berlin Wall. This led Khrushchev to approve placing nuclear missiles in Cuba to gain a strategic advantage, but he misjudged Kennedy's resolve. Kennedy imposed a blockade on Cuba and secured a deal with Khrushchev to remove the missiles in exchange for pledging not to invade Cuba, bringing the world to the brink of nuclear war.
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Senior 3 December 2017 HISTORY
This document contains attachments for a senior history class covering the origins and events of the Cold War over three terms. The first term addresses the origins of the Cold War in Europe up to 1949, examining Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech and agreements and containment at the Potsdam Conference. The second term analyzes Soviet control in Eastern Europe through restrictions in Hungary and opposition in Czechoslovakia in 1956 and 1968. It also details developments leading to Communist takeover in Czechoslovakia in 1948 and the Berlin Blockade. The third term focuses on the Vietnam War, covering US tactics, why they struggled to defeat the Viet Cong, and debate around the impact of the My Lai massacre on US withdrawal.
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This document provides notes from a history lesson on World War 1. It covers several topics:
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Similar to N5 History revision topics - The Cold War
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This document provides 20 history exam questions across three topics: The Cold War, The Atlantic Slave Trade, and Migration and Empire. The Cold War questions ask about key events and developments that increased tensions between East and West, challenges the US faced in Vietnam, and reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union and construction of the Berlin Wall. The Atlantic Slave Trade questions focus on opposition to and abolition of slavery in Britain and plantations in the Americas. The final section's questions examine Irish and Scottish migration patterns between the 18th-19th centuries and their impact on destination countries.
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The document outlines key topics related to the Cold War including:
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- Major flashpoints like events in Hungary, Poland, and the Cuban Missile Crisis which brought the two sides close to war.
- Areas of conflict like Berlin and Vietnam and reasons for US involvement.
- The later period of détente and reasons for reduced tensions.
- Changes in the USSR in the 1980s and reasons the Cold War ultimately ended.
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The document provides background information on the Berlin Blockade of 1948-1949. It explains that Stalin cut off all land access to West Berlin in an attempt to force the Western powers out of the city. In response, the United States launched the Berlin Airlift to supply West Berlin by air. Over 10 months, planes delivered enough food and supplies to support the city. This show of resolve by the West convinced Stalin to end the blockade. The crisis established patterns for the Cold War and contributed to the formation of NATO as a defensive alliance against Soviet aggression.
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This document provides guidance on writing a history essay. It explains that a history essay genre expects an objective and balanced analysis that explores a topic from different angles using facts and figures. It emphasizes that a strong introduction should include the context, link to the topic, aim of the essay, and organization. The document also notes that the organization section of the introduction will determine the topic sentences of paragraphs and that conclusion should restate the thesis, cover main points, and widen perspective for the reader.
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World War II began after Germany's defeat in World War I. Adolf Hitler rose to power in Germany and built up the military, invading Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and others. By 1940, Britain was the only Allied power left fighting Germany in Europe. Meanwhile, Japan had become increasingly militaristic and ambitious since the 1890s. In 1941, after the U.S. cut off oil exports, Japan attacked U.S. forces at Pearl Harbor and invaded territories across Southeast Asia like Malaya and Singapore. The British forces there were unprepared and underestimated the Japanese, resulting in a series of defeats for Britain.
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This document lists 23 questions about three topics related to history: The Cold War, the Atlantic Slave Trade, and Migration and Empire. The questions ask about reasons for opposition to the Vietnam War, events leading to the Warsaw Pact, American tactics in Vietnam, the roles of the US and USSR in the Cuban Missile Crisis, efforts to reduce Cold War tensions, the meaning of the "Cold War", how people became slaves, how abolitionists sought to end slavery, how slaves were sold, the stages of the Triangular Trade, conditions during the Middle Passage, what happened to slaves after the Middle Passage, how Britain profited from slavery, and tactics used to oppose slavery. It also asks about Irish immigration to Scotland
Ww1 Causes
World War 1 began in 1914 due to rising tensions between European countries in the late 19th/early 20th century. Nationalism increased rivalry while entangling alliances committed countries to support allies militarily. As militarism led countries to build up armies and navies, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand provided the spark that ignited the powder keg of military build up, nationalism, and overlapping alliances to start the war in Europe that engulfed much of the world.
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World War I began as a local conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia but quickly escalated into a global war. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led Austria to declare war on Serbia, pulling in allies on both sides due to a web of entangling alliances. Germany launched the Schlieffen Plan to quickly defeat France but it failed, resulting in years of bloody trench warfare on the Western Front. As the war dragged on with no clear winner, new military technologies like submarines threatened to shift the tide but also risked drawing more nations into the growing conflict.
Causes of the Cold War - Disagreements over Germany
The document discusses several events in Germany after World War 2 that contributed to tensions between the Western allies and Soviet Union, leading to the Cold War. It describes how Germany was divided between the allies after the war per the Potsdam Agreement, but the Soviets were unhappy with Western involvement in East Germany. This tension increased as the Western zones unified into West Germany in 1949. In response, the Soviets blockaded land access to West Berlin, but a massive Western airlift undermined this move. While angering the allies, the blockade failed and ended in 1949, showing the tensions had deeper ideological roots that would characterize the long Cold War.
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Causes of the Cold War - Disagreements over Germany
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Source C outlines the Second Book of Discipline's vision of an independent Kirk governed by presbyteries and assemblies rather than bishops or the Crown. It notes James VI's opposition to these plans in 1581, with Presbyterians believing the King should submit to the Kirk, while the King and nobility disagreed
Higher Migration and Empire - reasons for emigrant scots' success
The document discusses reasons for the success of many emigrant Scots in building new lives in other parts of the British Empire from 1830-1939. It states that Scots often succeeded due to factors like their nationality, English language abilities, education levels, reputation for hard work, skills in demanded fields, establishment of businesses and communities, and support from the British government and other Scots abroad. However, not all emigrant Scots found success, as some faced problems like poverty, unemployment, and loneliness in their new homes.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Education
The 1944 Education Act aimed to improve education access and outcomes in Britain. It raised the compulsory school leaving age to 15, providing all children a minimum of secondary education. At age 11, children took an exam that determined if they attended an academic-focused senior secondary school or trades-focused junior secondary school. However, the exam system was criticized for penalizing poorer students and determining children's futures too early. Labour also introduced new school buildings to replace those damaged in war and accommodate growing student populations, though secondary schools remained outdated in many areas.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Health
The NHS was established in 1948 by the 1945-51 British government to provide universal healthcare access, treating all medical problems freely at the point of use based on need rather than ability to pay. It aimed to eliminate disease by offering healthcare to all British citizens, over half of whom previously lacked medical coverage. While popular, the NHS also proved very expensive to run and faced initial shortages of hospital facilities and medical staff that limited treatment effectiveness and access.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Housing
The New Towns Act of 1946 aimed to tackle overcrowding and improve housing conditions in Britain by building new towns with homes. 14 new towns were established by 1951, moving people from city slums to new communities built in the countryside. However, these new towns initially lacked jobs and local facilities, requiring long commutes. Additionally, while the government set targets to build over 1 million new homes by 1951, housing shortages remained an issue as only around 800,000 new houses were completed. Prefabricated housing provided a temporary solution to the shortage but was meant to last only 10 years though many prefab homes stood for decades.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Poverty
The Family Allowances Act of 1946 provided weekly payments to mothers with two or more children to help families struggling financially, especially those where fathers had died in war. However, it did not help families with only one child and payments stopped at age 18. The National Insurance Act of 1946 built on previous acts to provide benefits like sickness, unemployment, old age pensions and other benefits by requiring weekly contributions from working-age people. However, the poorest still struggled to pay and the National Assistance Act of 1948 provided additional financial help for these individuals. Studies in York in 1936 and 1950 showed poverty levels falling from 36% to only 2% due to these welfare programs but benefits did not always keep up with inflation.
Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Unemployment
The Labour government nationalized several key industries like coal mining, steel production, electricity, and railways between 1946-1948. This was done to ensure these important industries were controlled by the country rather than private companies. Owners were compensated for the nationalized industries. Nationalization allowed the government to use tax money to fund unprofitable businesses and increase apprenticeships to reduce unemployment. However, nationalization was very costly and this high cost reduced funds available for other issues. Labour also introduced policies aimed at improving working conditions for workers through measures like paid holidays and secure jobs at docks. While some workers saw higher wages and better conditions, it may have discouraged companies from hiring more employees as it increased costs. Labour's home
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