Machine code consists of binary instructions that are directly executed by the CPU to perform specific tasks like loading values or performing arithmetic. Assembly code is a low-level programming language that converts instructions into machine code and differs across computer architectures. An assembler is a program that translates assembly code into binary machine code instructions for the processor to execute.

2. Machine Code
Machine code is the term used to describe any binary instruction which the
computer’s CPU will read and execute.
e.g. 10001000 01010111 11000101 11110001 10100001 00010110
Each instruction performs a very specific task, such as loading a value into
a register, or adding two binary numbers together.

3. Assembly Code
Assembly code is a low level language.
Assembly language is specific to a particular computer architecture. In other
words, different computer manufacturers will use different assembly code
instructions.
An example assembly code program for the 6502 processor is as follows:

4. Assembler
An assembler is a program that converts assembly code into binary
instructions.

5. Assembly Code
Advantages:
Very fast because of direct conversion from assembly language to
binary
Direct access to hardware features e.g. embedded computers in
home appliances
Disadvantages
Low level languages are difficult to learn
Lack of portability because assembly language is dependent on the
make of processor

6. Assembly Code
Advantages:
Very fast because of direct conversion from assembly language to
binary
Direct access to hardware features e.g. embedded computers in
home appliances
Disadvantages
Low level languages are difficult to learn
Lack of portability because assembly language is dependent on the
make of processor