The document discusses fears, including fear of cancer, heart disease, and public speaking. It then provides information on presentation skills, including why they are important, factors to consider when preparing a presentation, and nonverbal aspects that determine a presentation's success such as appearance, eye contact, gestures, and voice. The document emphasizes preparation, practice, and confidence building.

1. Did you know the greatest fears include …
• Fear of developing cancer
• Fear of getting a heart disease
• Fear of having to make public speeches
PRESENTATION
COMMUNICATION
p.70 (N5 students up to 4.10)
1

2. WHY DO YOU HAVE MASTER THE ART OF
PRESENTATION?
Sooner or later you
would have to:
Speak in public
Addressing large
groups
Welcome a new
employee
Propose a toast
Thank colleagues
Present minutes
2

3. A GOOD PRESENTATION DEPENDS ON …
A person’s self-esteem
The image and
reputation of the
organisation of whom
the speaker is a
representative.
Remember: the “selffulfilling prophesy”?
What you think will
happen, will happen.
One gains faith EVERY
time you finish a
speech successfully.
Practise, practise, prac
tise
3

4. 4.1
THE ROLE OF
PRESENTATION
COMMUNICATION IN THE
COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
See p.71
4

5. PRESENTATION COMM
Define it in terms of formal
communication process
 Sender (Speaker)
 Message (specific purpose)
 Receivers (target audience)
 Feedback can be
DEFINITION
REMEMBER:
SENDER
M E S S AG E
R E C E IV E R S
F E E D B AC K
Individually (questions)
Collectively (applause)
Direct (answering question)
Indirect (bored listener talking to
his friend)
Verbal, conscious and positive
 Asking information
Non-verbal, unconscious, neg
 Bored yawn
5

6. SENDER
Verbal comm
 Development of target audience
Non-verbal comm
 Personal appearance
 Posture (stance)
 Facial expressions
 Gestures
 Quality of his voice
SENDER
COMM
BARRIERS
Speeches are
t h e ex a m p l e o f
c o m m uni c a t i o n
w i t h s m a l l er
g r o ups o r m o r e
larger groups
That is
Presentation
C o m m un i c a t io n
COMM BARRIERS
Can be any of they above
Presentation comm example of
direct comm with smaller or
larger groups.
6

7. 4.2
THE PURPOSE OF
SPEECH-MAKING
•
•
•
•
•
See p.71
To interest or amuse
To inform or to teach
To stimulate or impress
To motivate
To coerce or persuade
7

8. 4.3 FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN
PREPARING A SPEECH (P73)
The aim of the speech
 Response from audience?
The audience
 Size, age, gender, culture
The occasion
 Dictate formality
The physical surroundings
 Geographical situation
 Quiet/Busy?
 Size of Hall
C-group
8

9. Preparing content matter
1. The Introduction
2. The body
3. A logical presentation
4. The conclusion
9

10. CONTENT MATTER OF A SPEECH
1. Introduction
 Advertisement for rest of
speech
 Grab audience’s
attention, gain goodwill
 Indicate purpose & scope
 Ask
questions, humour, intere
sting
quotation, descriptive
anecdote
 Joke should be relevant!
2. The body
 Researched thoroughly
 Direct information
 Oral info
 Written info
 Presented logically
 Chronological
 Ascending order of
importance
 Ascending order of complexity
 Congeneric order
Group
B/A/D
10

11. CONTENT MATTER OF A SPEECH
3. Conclusion
 Summary of main points
 Return to purpose
indicated in introduction
 Appropriate anecdote or
quotation
 Indication how facts can
affect listeners
 Suggestion regarding
possible plan of action
Listen to Steve Jobs, the
founder of Apple Inc. and
analyse his speech.
11

12. 4.3
COPING WITH
NERVOUS TENSION
See
p.74 - 77
1. GENERAL GUIDELINES
• Be yourself
• Prepare adequately
• Rehearse the speech
• Dress appropriately
2. BREATHING EXERCISES
• See page 76
3. RELAXATION EXERCISES
• See page 76
12

13. 4.6 NON-VERBAL
ASPECTS WHICH
DETERMINE THE
SUCCESS OF A SPEECH
See
p.77 - 81
1. APPEARANCE
2. DEPORTMENT AND POSITION AT DESK
3. EYE CONTACT
4. FACIAL EXPRESSION
5. GESTURES
6. RAPPORT WITH THE AUDIENCE
7. VOICE AND VOICE CONTROL OR
PROJECTION
13

14. 4.6.1 APPEARANCE (P.77)
APPROPRIATE DRESS
OUTFIT MUST MATCH OCCASION, AUDIENCE, TOPIC
FORMAL: MORE CONSERVATIVE
INFORMAL: ALWAYS BE NEAT
NEAT APPEARANCE: SELF -RESPECT AND RESPECT FOR
AUDIENCE
 DRESS ONE LEVEL SMARTER THAN AUDIENCE





14

15. 4.6.2 DEPORTMENT – POSITION AT DESK
 Deportment: Way in which someone
carries themselves, indicative to self confidence and shows attitude towards
audience and topic to be discussed
 Introduce: He should rise, pause, walk
calmly to desk
 Take a comfortable stance
 Distribute weight evenly on both feet
 Move weight between front and back
feet
 Avoid leaning on the desk, standing
abnormally stif f as poker or clinging to
desk for dear life.
 Have an upright but relax posture
15

16. 4.6 NON VERBAL ASPECTS
4.6.3 EYE CONTACT
4.6.4 FACIAL EXPRESSION
 Pause, run eyes over
audience and establish
eye contact
 Maintain throughout
speech
 Avoid looking over
heads of audience
 Avoid staring
 Get some feedback
 Facial expression
reflect attitude to
message conveyed
 Smile, grin, raised
eyebrows, etc (use it!)
 Your expressions are
sometimes imitated by
audience
 Words AND expressions
= people remembering
speech better …
16

17. 17

18. 4.6 NON VERBAL ASPECTS
4.6.5 Gestures
 Movements of part of
the body, especially the
head, arms and hands
 Used incorrectly they
are irritating
mannerisms
 Used correctly they
emphasise what you
say. “Go away!”
4.6.6 Rapport with audience
 Continuous eye-contact
 Speak to audience as if
speaking during a
conversation between
two people
 Choose one or two
individuals in audience
to focus your attention
on.
18

19. 4.6.7 VOICE & VOICE CONTROL OR
PROJECTION (P.79)
QUALITIES OF A GOOD
VOICE
Pitch (shrillness)
Tempo (rate or
speed)
Pauses (effective
punctuation mark)
Emphasis
Volume (audible)
 Use for emphasis
 Adjust for size of hall
Tone (or quality)
 Intensity of emotion
reflected in your voice
 Intonation
 Accent determine this
19

20. 4.7 APPLICABLE
LANGUAGE USAGE
See page
81 - 82
• Choice of words
• Use relevant terminology
• Use of
ambiguity, repetition, tautol
ogy etc.
• Clear and coherent ideas
• Enthusiasm and liveliness
• Audience-oriented language
20

21. 4.8 VISUAL
AND OTHER AIDS
4.8.1 Designing the audio-visual programme
1. Size
2. Simplicity
3. Unity
4. Emphasis
5. Balance
6. Visual elements
• Line
• Shape
• Space
• Colour
• Texture
See page
82 - 88
21

22. 4.8 VISUAL
AND OTHER AIDS
See page
85
4.8.2 Most commonly used
media
1. Black (or chalk) and
white boards
2. Flip charts
3. Slides
4. The overhead projector
5. Using the microphone
22

23. 4.9 OCCASIONAL SPEECHES (P.89)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Introducing a colleague or a guest speaker
A welcoming speech
A farewell speech
A presentation speech
The speech of acceptance
The speech of thanks
Making an announcement
Proposing a toast
The after-dinner speech
23

24. 4.10 ACTIONS TO
PROMOTE GOODWILL
See page
95 -103
1. Meetings
2. Conversation
3. The telephone
• Guidelines for making tel. calls
• Guidelines for coping with incoming calls
4. Interviews
• Before the interview
• During the interview
• After the interview
5. Dealing with clients and guests
24