This document discusses MySQL high availability. It begins with some questions to consider regarding high availability needs. It then covers key high availability concepts and terms. The main part describes various MySQL high availability solutions, including replication, clustering, heartbeat with replication, DRBD with replication, and shared storage with clustering agents. It concludes by mentioning some additional solutions and resources for MySQL high availability.

1. MySQL高可用性
上海爱可生信息技术有限公司 曹妙霞
2010-10-16
Copyright 2010 Action Tech 1

2. Agenda
• Questions
• HA Terms and Concepts
• HA Solutions with MySQL
• Other Solutions
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3. Agenda
• Questions
• HA Terms and Concepts
• HA Solutions with MySQL
• Other Solutions
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4. Questions
• Do you need HA?
• Can you afford to lose some data?
• How qualified is your IT department or support
company?
• How much are you ready to invest?
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5. Agenda
• Questions
• HA Terms and Concepts
• HA Solutions with MySQL
• Other Solutions
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6. Definitions
• High Availability (HA)
> 当出现故障时，保证资源的可用性
• Two major categories
> 硬件的可用性（如：硬件冗余）
> 软件的可用性（如：解决方案）
• Continuous Availability
> 持续的、无间断的服务
> 无故障停滞的时间
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7. Definitions
• Fault Tolerance
> 当硬件或软件故障时，保证资源的可用性
> 硬件和软件冗余，如：cpu,memory,IO,MySQL
APP
• Single Point of Failure
> 单台机器的硬件或软件出现故障时，停止服务
• Fail Over
> 当出现故障时，服务切换到可用的资源平台
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8. Scale-Up vs. Scale-Out
• Scale-Up
> 垂直升级，昂贵的硬件
> 专有软件
> 平台绑定
• Scale-Out
> 水平升级，普通的硬件
> 开源软件
> 平台独立
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9. The Five 9s of Availability
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10. Agenda
• Questions
• HA Terms and Concepts
• HA Solutions with MySQL
• Other Solutions
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11. MySQL High Availability Solutions
• MySQL Replication
• MySQL Cluster
• MySQL Cluster & Replication
• Linux Heartbeat & MySQL Replication
• Linux Heartbeat, DRBD & MySQL
• MySQL w/ Shared-Storage & Clustering
Agents
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12. MySQL Replication
• 异步数据复制(Statement & Row-based、
mixed)
• 负载均衡，在线热备，水平扩展
• 跨网数据复制
• Fail Over ---- 手动切换
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13. MySQL Replication Topologies
Master > Slave Master > Slaves
Masters > Slave (Multi-Source) Master > Slave > Slaves
Circular (Multi-Master)
Master < > Master (Multi-Master)
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14. Inside MySQL Replication
Writes & Reads
Web/App
Server
Writes
relay
binlog
mysqld I/O SQL
Thread Thread
index &
binlogs
data
Replication binlog data
mysqld
MySQL Master MySQL Slave
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15. MySQL Replication (Scale-Out)
Web/App
Server
Writes & Reads Reads
Master Server Slave Server
Backups
Writes Replication
Writes
Index & Possible Roles
Bin Log • Fail over server
• Used for performing backups
Rotation
• Read load balancing
• Additional slaves allow Scale-Out
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16. MySQL Replication (Fail-Over)
Web/App
Server
X Writes & Reads
Master Server Slave Server
Writes Replication Writes
Index &
Bin Log
Rotation
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17. MySQL Cluster
• 无共享存储的数据存储模式
• 实时同步数据 (2-phase commit)
• 特有应用下的高性能，高事物吞吐量
• 无特殊硬件需求
• 内存存储数据 & 硬盘存储数据 (5.1)
• Fail Over----快速、自动
• 数据节点间心跳机制
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18. MySQL Cluster Components
• 数据节点（Data Nodes）
> 实时同步数据
> 按组存储数据
• 管理节点（Management Nodes)
> 用于集群的起停
> 状态查询、配置生效、在线热备
• SQL节点（MySQL or NDB API Nodes）
> 标准MySQL Client or NDB API接口
> 在线平行扩展
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19. Basic Cluster Architecture
MySQL Server or NDB
Web/App Web/App API
Server Server
for all Writes & Reads
MySQL MySQL
Server Server
NDB API
Management
Memory NDB Server
& Data Storage Engine Data
Disk Node Node
Management
Server
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20. MySQL Cluster Data Node Architecture
ID Capital Country UTC
1 Copenhagen Denmark 2 Data Data
Partition 1 Node Node
2 Berlin Germany 2
3 New York City USA -5
Partition 2 P1-Primary P1-Secondary
4 Tokyo Japan 9
5 Athens Greece 2
P2-Secondary P2-Primary
Partition 3
6 Moscow Russia 4
7 Oslo Norway 2
Node Group 1
Partition 4
8 Beijing China 8
Data Data
Node Node
• Four Data Nodes
• Two Replicas P3-Primary P3-Secondary
P4-Secondary P4-Primary
• Two Node Groups
Node Group 2
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21. MySQL Cluster Data Node Architecture
ID Capital Country UTC
1 Copenhagen Denmark 2 Data Data
Partition 1 Node Node
2 Berlin Germany 2
3 New York City USA -5 P1-
Partition 2 P1-Primary
4 Tokyo Japan 9 P2- Secondary
P2-Primary
5 Athens Greece 2 Secondary
Partition 3
6 Moscow Russia 4 data still
Node Group 1 available
7 Oslo Norway 2
Partition 4
8 Beijing China 8
Data Data
Node Node
• Four Data Nodes P3-
P3-Primary
• Two Replicas P4- Secondary
P4-Primary
• Two Node Groups Secondary
Node Group 2
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22. Scale-Out Cluster Architecture
MySQL MySQL MySQL MySQL MySQL
Server Server Server Server Server
NDB API
Data NDB Data Management
Node Node Server
Storage Engine
Data Data
Node Node Management
Server
MySQL Cluster
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23. Cluster Architecture – Fail Over
MySQL MySQL MySQL MySQL MySQL
Server Server Server Server Server
NDB API
Data NDB Data Management
Node Node Server
Storage Engine
Data Data
Node Node Management
Server
MySQL Cluster
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24. MySQL Cluster w/Replication
Writes & Reads
Web/App
Server
Writes
relay
binlog
mysqld
I/O SQL
binlog_index Thread Thread
index &
binlogs
Data Nodes
Data Nodes NDB
NDB
Replication binlog
mysqld
apply_status
MySQL Master MySQL Slave
MySQL Cluster MySQL Cluster
Global Redundancy: Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery
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25. Heartbeat & MySQL Replication
• 心跳机制---- 资源故障切换的安全管理
• 虚拟IP管理---- 对应用访问数据库透明化
• 方案特点
> 配置简易性
> 开源、低成本
> 冗余资源自动管理
> 自动VIP管理
> 异步的数据复制
> 手动或自动管理 Fail Over切换
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26. Heartbeat & MySQL Replication
Web/App
Server
Linux Heartbeat
= Virtual IP =
Master Server 10.10.10.10 Slave Server
Replication = Private IP =
= Private IP =
10.10.10.20 10.10.10.21
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27. Heartbeat & MySQL Replication (Fail Over)
Web/App
Server
Linux Heartbeat
= Virtual IP =
Master Server 10.10.10.10 Slave Server
X
Replication
= Private IP = = Private IP =
10.10.10.20 10.10.10.21
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28. Heartbeat, Block-Replication & MySQL
• 分布式块复制 (DRBD)
> 运行在标准网络协议上的分布式存储机制
> 功能类似网络 RAID
> 异步块复制
• 特点
> 开源的DRBD配置和安装
> 无需专有的网络协议
> 更高的复制性能 (blocks vs. rows of data)
> 出现故障时自动切换接管数据
> 结合heartbeat机制管理 fail over 和 virtual
IPs
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29. Heartbeat, Block-Replication & MySQL
Web/App
Server
Linux Heartbeat
= Virtual IP =
Active Server 10.10.10.10
Passive Server
= Private IP = = Private IP =
10.10.10.20 10.10.10.21
Primary DRBD DRB Secondary DRBD
D
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30. Heartbeat, Block-Replication & MySQL
Web/App
Server
Linux Heartbeat
= Virtual IP =
Active Server 10.10.10.10 Passive Server
= Private IP =
10.10.10.20
X = Private IP =
10.10.10.21
Primary DRBD DRB Secondary DRBD
D
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31. MySQL w/ Shared Storage
• Active/Passive
> 多实例并行访问同一份数据文件
• 特点
> 较高的成本开销 (storage, hardware,
software)
> 自动管理Virtual IPs，Fail over，数据一致
> fail over ，Mounting file systems时间略长
> 众多的数据库配置可缩短接管时间
> 严格的切换次序
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32. MySQL w/ Shared Storage Architecture
Web/App
Server
Cluster Management
= Virtual IP =
10.10.10.10
Active Server Passive Server
Cluster Agent Cluster Agent
= Private IP = = Private IP =
10.10.10.20 10.10.10.21
SAN
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33. MySQL w/ Shared Storage (Fail Over)
Web/App
Server
Cluster Management Passive Server
Active Server = Virtual IP =
10.10.10.10
X
Cluster Agent
X
Cluster Agent
= Private IP = = Private IP =
10.10.10.20 10.10.10.21
SAN
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34. Agenda
• Questions
• HA Terms and Concepts
• HA Solutions with MySQL
• Other Solutions
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35. Additional HA Solutions for MySQL
• Load Balancing with MySQL Replication
LVS Management（Similar to Linux Heartbeat）
• Semi-synchronous Replication (google code)
• Proxy with MySQL Replication
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36. Additional HA Solutions for MySQL
• Performance Networking for MySQL Clusters
> Dolphin SCI Interconnect
• Operating System Clustering
> Sun Solaris – Sun Cluster
> Microsoft Windows Clustering Services
> Red Hat Cluster Suite
• High Availability Middleware
> Continuent m/Cluster http://solutions.mysql.com/
• Backup Software
> Zmanda
HighAvailability.com
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37. Additional MySQL HA Resources
• MySQL Training
• MySQL Network
• White Papers
• Case Studies
• Press Releases, News, Events
• Live Webinars
• Webinars on Demand www.mysql.com
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38. 谢谢！
技术服务热线 400-820-6580
在线服务网站 www.actionsky.com
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