Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was the founder of modern Turkey. He was born in 1881 in Salonika, now part of Greece, and graduated from a military school in 1905. Ataturk went on to found the modern Republic of Turkey on April 23, 1923, establishing secularism and changing the Turkish script from Arabic to Latin. He died on November 10, 1938 and was buried in Ankara.