Andrew Goodwin and Carol Vernallis propose theories about elements of music videos. Goodwin identifies five key elements: narrative and performance, star image, technical aspects, relationship between visuals and music, and visualizing the music. Vernallis' theory focuses on four construction elements: narrative, editing, camera movement/framing, and diegesis. Both note music videos may not follow traditional narrative or editing structures and emphasize the relationship between visuals and music.