The document provides information about the traditional music of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar. It discusses the history and culture that influenced the development of music in each country. It also describes some of the main musical instruments used and different genres of music like gamelan from Indonesia and piphat ensembles from Thailand. The objectives are to differentiate the histories of Malaysia and Singapore, analyze music elements, and identify forms and styles to perform folk songs from the regions.

1. MUSIC OF
SOUTHEAST ASIA
MUSIC 8-FIRST QUARTER S.Y. 2020-2021
PREPARED BY: ARJO F. FAMPULME

2. MUSIC OF
MALAYSIA AND
SINGAPORE
LESSON 1

3. OBJECTIVES
 Differentiate the history and culture of Malaysia
and Singapore
 Analyze music through listening
 Identify the elements of music in a composition

4. OBJECTIVES
 Perform alone with others a medley of Malay and
Singaporean folk songs while applying an
understanding of forms and styles of music.
 Improvise musical instruments and perform with
expression

5. What are the
history, culture,
and music of
Malaysia and
Singapore.
Topic 1

6. singapore
 Singapore is a small nation with a modern blend
of Malay, Chinese, Indian, and European
immigrants. It’s culture expresses a variety of
their population of various ethnic groups which
continue to celebrate their own cultures.
 There are four official language in Singapore-
English, Mandarin, Malay, and Tamil.

7. singapore
 The country was under British colonial rule
before the founding of Singaporean in1819 and
it’s independence in 1965.
 As far music is concerned, the government that
time and the mission school taught Western
music at the classroom before it became part of
their curriculum.

8. malaysia
 Malaysia, also known as Tanah Melayu or Malaya
before the name was officially changed to malaysia,
is also known for its rich and cultural heritage.
 The main influence of Malaysian music is from
Indian Islamic culture, with the latter addition of
the Western elements. China, Thailand, and
Indonesia are other countries which influenced
their music.

9. What are the history, culture, and music of
Malaysia and Singapore.
singapore
 Malaysia- Pantun is a
Malay literary poetic
form that is closely
identified with some
song forms; recited in
a sing-song way;
Peranakan (folk
music)
malaysia
 India- musical
instruments;
Carnatic classical
music; emphasize
musical structure and
Hindustanic classical
music; lyric-
oriented.

10. What are the history, culture, and music of
Malaysia and Singapore.
singapore
 India- musical
instruments;
Ragatala formula;
Carnatic music is
dominant.
malaysia
 Indonesia- musical
style

11. What are the history, culture, and music of
Malaysia and Singapore.
singapore
 China- just-intonation-
pentatonic; Nanyin is a
rare genre of Hokkien
traditional music based
on the just-intonation
and modal pentatonic
scale; Chinese
Orchestra.
malaysia
 China- musical
instruments; Chinese
orchestra; ritual or
religious functions;
Chinese theatrical
music

12. Musical
characteristic, vocal
and musical
instruments
SINGAPORE VS. MALAYSIA

13. singapore
 Singaporean music is mostly Malay, Indian, and
Chinese inspired music.

14. MUSIC OF
INDONESIA
LESSON 2

15. INDONESIAN MUSIC
Indonesia is an archipelago in Southeast Asia
comprising approximately 17,500 islands. With
over 238 million people, Indonesia is the world's
fourth most populous country and is the fourth
biggest nation of the world. Through interaction
with other cultures such as Indian, Arabic, Chinese,
and European, a wide range of musical styles has
been developed. Today, the contemporary music of
Indonesia is popular not only in the region but also
in the neighboring countries.

16. Religion
The religious found in Indonesia are
consists of a variety of beliefs with the
highest population claiming to be
Muslims.
The state allows only five faith categories:
Islam, Buddhism, Protestantism, and
Roman Catholicism

17. Culture
Indonesian culture is extraordinarily
rich. It is busy and adaptive as its
landscape and natural beauty.
The rich culture is a result of the
influence of the various neighboring
countries and its very traditional culture.

18. ELEMENTS OF INDONESIAN MUSIC
Rhythm Off nested interval structure in 8 or
16.
Melody Pelog and Slendro
Harmony and Texture Polyphonic stratification with the
resultant melody.
Form Repeated
Timbre Vocal-Nasal

19. There are two basic kinds of Indonesian
music scale
Slendro – five (5) equidistant tones in
octave
Peloq – heptatonic (7) tone scale with
semi tone

22. Both vocal and instrumental music in
Indonesia use slendro and peloq scales.
Polyphonic
stratification kind of
melody is a result of
hocket / Interlock.
Interlocking is a
common technique used
in gong ensembles.

23. GAMELAN
The Gamelan or Gamelan
orchestra is the most
popular form of music in
Indonesia. There are many
types of Gamelan but the
famous Javanese and
Balinese Gamelan are the
most famous. It contains a
variety of instruments such
as metallophones,
xylophones, kendang and
gongs, bamboo flutes,
bowed and plucked strings.

24. Gamelan instruments
Set of drums
(kendhang)
Bowed and
plucked strings
(rebab and
celempung)
Xylophone
(gambang)
A bamboo flute
(suling)
Slendro and
pelog are
played by two
sets of
Gamelan
metallophones
in Java.

25. Genres of Indonesian Music
Kecak-
Balinese
dance and
music
drama.
Kecapi
Suling- a
Sudanese
form of
music from
West Java.
Tembang
sunda-
classical
vocal music
which
originated in
West Java.
Krongcong- a
musical style
which uses
ukulele.

26. Vocal music is used as ornamentation of the
Gamelan. It is as important as Gamelan.
• Pesindhen is a female soloist singer
who sings with a Gamelan.
• Gerong refers to the unison male
chorus that sings with the Gamelan.

27. REMEMBER:
*Karawitan is
the term for
every kind of
Gamelan
music in Java.
• – are used to accompany
dances, songs, and Wayang
Kulit
• - are believed to possess
supernatural powers
• - consider their instruments
sacred, therefore stepping
over the instrument is
• a sign of disrespect
*Gamelan
orchestras
- musicians
bow before
playing the
instruments
to show
respect

28. MUSIC OF THAILAND
LESSON 3

29. Music of Thailand
Siam is the old name of Thailand. It is known for being the sole
nation in Southeast Asia that has never been ruled by a Western
power. It is for this reason that the country is also called “Muang
Thai,” which means “Land of the Free.” History and geography
indicate that Thai music is a conglomeration of Asian influences. Its
musical principles and elements are basically derived from Chinese
music, while its musical instruments are inspired from the Indian
and Indonesian strings and gong-chimes. The Thais combined and
adapted these to their culture and created their own unique music.

30. Music of Thailand
Thai folk music consists of simple
songs with simple melodic lines. Its
main focus in singing is the
articulation of the text rather than the
style or technique of execution.
Songs of Thailand have inherently poetic lyrics
which allow a singer or performer to easily define
the melodic lines. It provides the singer the
opportunity to improvise song text to suit the given
occasion. The interpretation of a singer gives
meaning to the sacred and spiritual essence of
songs with free rhythm while melodies may either
be interpreted or written in the high or low register
with long or short durations.

31. THREE PRIMARY INSTRUMENTAL ENSEMBLES IN
THAILAND
It is a mid-sized orchestra that
is performed in either outdoor
style with hard mallets or indoor
style with padded mallets. This
ensemble has different types but
the highly ornate one is
traditionally associated with
funerals and cremation
ceremonies. Other versions of
the piphat ensemble are used to
accompany specific forms of
traditional Thai drama such as
the large shadow puppet theatre
(nang yai) and the khon dance
drama.
Piphat

32. It is an orchestra that
combines some of the
percussion and wind
instruments of the
Piphat with an expanded
string section. This
group is primarily used
for indoor performances
and for the
accompaniment of stick
puppet theater.
Khrueang Sai

33. This ensemble is traditionally
played by women in the
courts of Central Thailand
and Cambodia. Because of
this, instruments for this
ensemble are historically
smaller. However, regular-
sized instruments are used
today. A vocalist performing
with the Mahori is usually
accompanied by the so sam
sai.
Mahori

34. MUSIC OF LAOS,
CAMBODIA, AND
MYANMAR
LESSON 4

35. CAMBODIA
Cambodia is one of the most beautiful countries in Southeast Asia. It is
also known as Kâmpŭchéa. It was the center of the Khmer (Cambodian)
kingdom of Angkor, a great empire that dominated Southeast Asia for
600 years. Their music gained a world-wide reputation in the 1960s
until the dramatic political problems in Cambodia.

36. CAMBODIA
Cambodian court music is roughly similar to
that of Java, Indonesia. They feature choruses
with large orchestras based on struck keys
and gongs.
The Pinpeat is a Cambodian musical ensemble
or an orchestra that usually accompanies
ceremonial music of the royal courts and
temples. Music is always part of their court
dances, masked plays, shadow plays, and
religious ceremonies. This group is similar to
the Piphat ensemble of Thailand and usually
consists of nine or ten instruments.

37. CAMBODIAN INSTRUMENTS
Skorthom –
two big drums
similar to
Japanese
(membranopho
ne)
Samphor – a
double-headed
drum played with
hands
(membranophone)
Chhing –
finger
cymbals
(idiophone)
Oneat –
xylophones
(idiophone)
Kongvong-
gong circles
(idiophone)

38. MUSIC OF MYANMAR

39. The Hsaing Waing is Myanmar’s traditional folk
music ensemble. It is made up mainly of different
gongs and drums as well as other instruments
depending on the nature of the performance.

40. Myanmar’s musical instruments are categorized into two types, the
loud sounding and soft sounding. The loud sounding instruments are
performed in open-air ensembles at ceremonies and festivals. Most of
the Hsaing Waing instruments belong to the loud sounding category.

41. ELEMENTS OF MUSIC OF LAOS, CAMBODIA,
AND MYANMAR
Rhythm Mostly in a duple meter
Melody Uses pentatonic scale
Harmony and Texture Heterophony
Form Vocal: Strophonic form
Instrumental: Three part form
Timbre Nasal

42. MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Myanmar Cambodia Laos
It presents a blend of the
many regional varieties
that includes the influence
of Indian, Chinese, and
Thai music
The country became a
colony of British empire in
the 19th century
Melodious and without
harmony
More on instrumental
music than vocal
Their musical expression
emphasizes gong, drum
ensembles, and free-reed
mouthed organs
Has Thai influence
Influenced by ancient and
Hindu forms
Some dances are
accompanied by their
orchestra
Undergone heavy
westernization
It has influence from India
and has influence from
China and Thailand
Fast music
Perform mostly Thai style
music

43. FUNCTIONS OF MUSIC
A. Myanmar
Byaw-played at religious
festivals
Pat Pyo- royal court music
Iwan Chin- songs of longing
Bole—songs of sorrow

44. B. Cambodia
Plengkar-
wedding music
Pin Peat- ballet
and
ceremonial
music
Mahaori-
classical
entertainment
music; played
by upper
classes
Lakhaoun
Bassac- music
of the
maskless
theater

45. C. Laos
Sep Nyai and Sep Noi-
ceremonial and
formal from of music/
court music
Lam- folk music