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Mushrooms - Nature's gift to mankind
- 2. FungiFungi The ‘Fungi’ (sing. - Fungus) are Thallophytes, which do not possess chlorophyll (achlorophyllus), even in those members, which are generally green colored. Fungi are incapable of photosynthesis. They live on organic matter or food already prepared. Many fungi are parasitic on plants, while some others parasitize animals, birds etc., and derive their requirements of food from these hosts. Many other fungi are saprophytic in nature and live on organic matter alone.
- 3. Mushrooms can be defined as fleshy,Mushrooms can be defined as fleshy, macroscopic fruiting bodies of certain fungi belongingmacroscopic fruiting bodies of certain fungi belonging to Phylum - Basidiomycota and Ascomycotato Phylum - Basidiomycota and Ascomycota What are mushrooms?
- 4. Macroscopic fruiting bodies – Aggregations of millions of hyphae
- 5. Radial growth of mycelium – Fairy rings
- 6. Mushrooms belonging to Phylum BasidiomycotaMushrooms belonging to Phylum Basidiomycota Flammulina velutipesAgaricus blazei Pleurotus sp. Gastrum sp.
- 7. Mushrooms belonging to Phylum- AscomycotaMushrooms belonging to Phylum- Ascomycota Tuber melanosporum Morchella esculenta
- 8. Reishi / Royal gano/ : Ganoderma lucidum
- 10. MUSHROOM VARIETIESMUSHROOM VARIETIES 18,000 fleshy fungal species are in the world18,000 fleshy fungal species are in the world 2,000 species belong to 30 genera are edible;2,000 species belong to 30 genera are edible; 283 species are available in India283 species are available in India 80 species are grown experimentally80 species are grown experimentally 40 species are cultivated economically 20 species are commercially exploited 4 species are grown on industrial scale
- 11. Moisture 89.6 Protein 3.2 carbohydrate 4.2 Fat 0.3 Fibre 1.0 Ash 1.0 Vitamins & minerals 0.7 Composition of Mushroom(%)Composition of Mushroom(%)
- 12. Protein content (%) – A comparisonProtein content (%) – A comparison Mushroom 3.2 Peas 2.6 Cabbage 1.5 Carrot 1.1 Cauliflower 2.7 Potato 2.1 Apple 0.3 Banana 1.1
- 14. IMPORTANT EDIBILE MUSHROOMS Button Mushroom - Agaricus sp. Paddy straw Mushroom – Volvariella volvaceae Oyster Mushroom - Pleurotus sp.
- 15. Button Mushroom -Agaricus sp. European/temperate mushroomEuropean/temperate mushroom
- 16. Paddy straw mushroom -Paddy straw mushroom -Volvariella volvaceaeVolvariella volvaceae Chinese/Tropical mushroomChinese/Tropical mushroom
- 17. Oyster Mushroom -Oyster Mushroom -PleurotusPleurotus sp.sp.
- 18. Milky Mushroom - Calocybe indica
- 19. 30-35130 – 160100 – 12015 – 20Productivity (%) CompostPaddy strawPaddy strawPaddy strawRaw material +++++++++++Light 80 – 9085 – 9585 – 9080 – 90R.H. (%) 15 - 2525 – 3025 – 2830– 35Temp. (o C) 90 - 12045 – 5045 – 5025 - 30Duration (Days) Button mushroom Milky mushroom Oyster mushroom Straw mushroom
- 20. Economical importanceEconomical importance Degrading of agricultural wastes.Degrading of agricultural wastes. Profitable agro enterpriseProfitable agro enterprise Less investment ; More profit/ unit areaLess investment ; More profit/ unit area Quickest returnsQuickest returns Component of Integrated Farming SystemComponent of Integrated Farming System It requires minimum land and waterIt requires minimum land and water Part time / Full time profession-Part time / Full time profession- Highly suitable for womenHighly suitable for women Export orientedExport oriented Mushroom spent used as Cattle Feed, Organic Manure etc.Mushroom spent used as Cattle Feed, Organic Manure etc.
- 21. Mushroom Cultivation techniques Maintaining a mushroom shed Mushroom spawn preparation Paddy straw preparation Polythene bags preparation Mushroom bed preparation
- 22. VIEW OF OYSTER MUSHROOM SHED
- 23. Highly suitable farm wastes Paddy and Wheat straw (Productivity 80 – 150 per cent) Moderately suitable farm wastes Sugarcane beggasse, maize earhead, waste cotton bolls, Oilpalm fruit waste (Productivity 50 – 80 per cent) Suitable farm waste Cotton stalk, Sorghum stalk and Sugarcane trashes ((Productivity 40 – 50 per cent) Suitable substrates
- 24. Paddy Straw preparation Fresh Paddy Straw is taken Soak in clean water for 6-8 hours After draining the water, boil the paddy straw for 30 minutes Dry in shade till it attains 60-65 % moisture content
- 25. Boiling of paddy straw
- 26. Drying of Paddy straw
- 27. Mushroom spawn One bottle (300 gm) spawn is taken on clean plastic plate This spawn is divided into 10 equal parts Sufficient for preparation of two mushroom beds
- 29. Ill filled paddy grain spawn
- 30. Polythene bags preparation 80 – 100 gauge thickness polythene bags 60 cm length and 30 cm width Bottom portion of poly bags tied with twine thread and turned inside out
- 31. Preparation of mushroom beds A layer of coiled paddy straw is placed at the bottom of polythene bags to a height of 10 cm (1st layer) 20 to 30 gm mushroom spawn is spread over the straw Another layer of coiled paddy straw is placed over the first layer (2nd layer) Repeat the above process upto fifth layer Top portion of the poly bags are tied and 10 to 12 small holes are punched along the sides
- 32. Mushroom beds
- 33. Spawn run roomSpawn run room In Bamboo rackIn Bamboo rack
- 34. Spawn run stage
- 35. Hanging method Cropping roomCropping room
- 38. MUSHROOM RECIPES Mushroom Rice Mushroom Soup
- 39. Mushroom soup
- 40. Dried mushroom