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Muscular system
The document discusses the three main types of muscle in the body - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle - and their functions. It provides details on skeletal muscle tissue, the parts of a muscle, and how muscles move. The document also covers muscle naming conventions including terms that describe direction, region, number of attachments, shape, size, relation to bones, and actions. Diagrams are included illustrating specific muscles.
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Muscular system
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- 2. 8 Unit1 Types of muscle& functionTypes of muscle & function • Skeletal- 40-50% of total body weight- voluntary mostly movement of bone & body parts Stabilizing body positions • Cardiac- only in heart- involuntary Heart only Develops pressure for arterial blood flow • Smooth- grouped in walls of hollow organs Sphincters regulate flow in tubes Maintain diameter of tubes Move material in GI tract and reproductive organs
- 3. 8 Unit1 Muscle FunctionsMuscle Functions •Produce body movements • Stabilize body positions • Regulate organ volume • Moving substances internally • Producing heat
- 4. 8 Unit1 Skeletal Muscle TissueSkeletalMuscle Tissue • Well-supplied with blood vessels and nerves • Terminal of a neuron on each muscle fiber
- 5. 8 Unit1 Parts of aMuslceParts of a Muslce • Origin => most stationary end Location where the tendon attaches • Insertion => the most mobile end Location where tendon inserts • Belly => middle fleshy part
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- 7. 8 Unit1 How Muscles MoveHowMuscles Move • Generally arranged in opposing pairs Flexors- extensors; abductors- adductors • The major actor = Prime mover or agonist • The one with opposite effect = antagonist • Synergists- help prime mover • Fixators- stabilize origin of prime mover • Role of muscle varies with motion
- 8. 8 Unit1 Naming of MusclesNamingof Muscles • Direction of muscle fibers e.g. rectus, transverse, oblique • Specific regions e.g. abdominis, brachialis, oculi, oris, temporalis palmaris, femoris, tibialis, digitorum, costals, carpi, spinalis, scapularis, thoracis, frontalis • No. of attachments e.g. biceps, triceps, quadriceps
- 9. 8 Unit1 Muscle NamesMuscle Names •Shape e.g. deltoid, orbicularis, serratus, trapezius, teres, phomboid, quadratus • Size e.g. brevis, longus, minimus, medius, magnus, maximus, minor, major, vastus, • Relation of a Muscle to the Bone e.g. supra, infra, sub, lateralis, medialis, inter, external, internal, superior, inferior,
- 10. 8 Unit1 Muscle NamesMuscle Names •Actions e.g. abductor, adductor, flexor, extensor, supinator, pronator • Specific references Buccinator (blowing m.), Frontalis (m. of surprise), Zygomaticus major (smiling m.), Triceps brachii (straight jab m.)
- 11. 8 Unit1 Muscle NamesMuscle Names Deltoid(shoulder pad m.), Diaphragm (muscle of inhalation), Orbicularis oculi (blinking/winking m.) Orbicularis oris (kissing/pouting m.) Masseter (chewing m.) Gastrocnemius (tip-toe m.) Latissimus dorsi (swimmer’s m. and widest m), Sartorius (tailor’s m. and longest m), Gluteus maximus (biggest m.) Stapedius (smallest m.)
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