Muscle Weakness - Kinesiology Topic

1. Kinesiology Presentation
By Group 10
Muscle Weakness

2. Content & Outline
 Muscle Weakness
 Definition
 Signs & Symptoms
 Causes
 Diagnosis
 Treatment
 Difference b/w Muscle Weakness & Muscle Fatigue
 Classification Of Muscle Weakness
 Paralysis
 Definition
 Types
 Sub Types
 Conditions & Causes
 Treatment

3.  Muscle weakness is a lack of muscle strength.
True muscle weakness is primary symptom of a
variety of skeletal muscle diseases, including
muscular dystrophy and inflammatory
myopathy. It occurs in neuromuscular junction
disorders, such as myasthenia gravis .
Definition

4.  Signs and symptoms of muscle weakness can include
the following tasks such as :
 Writing, Grooming or problems with gait and loss of
balance.
 Many people use the term weakness as a synonym for
tiredness, weariness, lack of energy or fatigue, although
this is not technically correct.
 People suffering from certain medical conditions for
example: chronic fatigue, insomnia, cancer, heart
disease, adrenal disease, or influenza may describe
feelings of total body weakness, even though no
detectable loss of muscle strength is present.
Signs & Symptoms

5.  Potential causes of muscle weakness are as
follows :
 1) Neuromuscular disorders, such as Muscular
Dystrophies, Multiple Sclerosis (MS),
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
 2) Autoimmune diseases, such as Graves’ disease
and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
 3) Thyroid conditions, such as hypothyroidism
and hyperthyroidism.
 4) Electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia,
hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia.
Causes

6.  Other causes of muscle weakness
 Stroke
 Herniated Disc
 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
 Hypotonia
 Peripheral Neuropathy
 Neuralgia
 Polymyositis
 Alcoholic Myopathy/ Alcoholism
 Prolonged bed rest or Immobilization
Causes

7.  Muscle weakness can also be caused by
complications from certain viruses and
infections, including :
 Polio
 West Nile Virus
 Rheumatic Fever
Causes

8.  Following are the three steps to diagnose muscle
weakness .
 1) Distinguish true muscle weakness from
asthenia. Whether it is due to Pain, Joint
discomfort, Fatigue, Spasticity, Paresthesia or
Depression etc .
 2) Localize the lesion .
 3) Determine the cause of lesion .
Diagnosis

9.  Once the cause of muscle weakness is determined, one
should move on to treatment. The treatment plan will
depend on the cause of muscle weakness, as well as the
severity of symptoms.
 Following are the few treatment options one should choose:
 1) Physical Therapy
 Physical therapists can suggest exercises to improve the
conditions such as MS or ALS.
 For example, a physical therapist might suggest progressive
resistive exercise to help someone with MS strengthen
muscles that have become weak from lack of use.
Treatment

10.  2) Occupational Therapy
 Occupational therapists can suggest exercises to
strengthen your upper body. They can also
recommend assistive devices and tools to help
with day-to-day activities.
 Occupational therapy can be especially helpful
during the stroke rehabilitation process.
Therapists can recommend exercises to address
weakness in one side of your body and help with
motor skills.
Treatment

11.  3) Medication
 Over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or
acetaminophen, can help manage pain associated with
conditions such as:
 Peripheral Neuropathy
 CFS
 Neuralgia
 Thyroid hormone replacement is used to treat hypothyroidism.
Standard treatment usually involves taking levothyroxine
(Levoxyl, Synthroid), which is a synthetic thyroid hormone.
Treatment

12.  4) Dietary changes
 Changing your diet can help remedy electrolyte
imbalances. Your Doctor may also suggest taking
supplements, such as calcium, magnesium oxide,
or potassium oxide depending on your needs.
 5) Surgery
 Surgery can also be used to treat certain
conditions, such as a herniated disc or
hyperthyroidism.
Treatment

13. Muscle Weakness Muscle Fatigue
 Muscle Weakness is a
lack of physical or
muscle strength and
the feeling that extra
effort is required to
move your arms, legs,
or other muscles.
 Muscle Fatigue is a
feeling of tiredness or
exhaustion or a need
to rest because of lack
of energy or strength.

14.  Muscle weakness can be classified into following two
types
 Proximal
 Distal
 1) Proximal Muscle weakness affects muscles closest
to the body's midline.
 2) Distal Muscle Weakness affects muscles further
out on the limbs.
Classification Of Muscle Weakness

15. Classification Of Muscle Weakness
 Proximal Muscle Weakness
 Signs & Symptoms
 Difficulty in climbing stairs, raising from chair
and difficulty in shaving or combing.
 Causes
 Scleroderma
 Dermatomyositis
 Diabetes mellitus type II
 Vitamin D deficiency
 Polymyalgia rheumatica

16. Classification Of Muscle Weakness
 Distal Muscle Weakness
 Signs & Symptoms
 Difficulty in walking.
 Weak grasp and impaired handwriting.
 Causes
 Rheumatoid arthritis
 Vitamin B12 deficiency
 Guillain-Barre syndrome
 Nerve damage/compression.

17.  Definition
“Paralysis is when you can’t move certain parts of your body after
something goes wrong with their connection to your brain. It can be
in different forms and can be divided into temporary or permanent.”
It can cause problems with blood flow, breathing, working of organ,
speaking or swallowing, and many other problems depending upon
how bad it is.
 Examples
Examples include Multiple Sclerosis (MS), in which tingling or
muscle weakness is observed.
Paralysis

18.  It is often caused by strokes, usually from
blocked artery in neck or brain. It can be caused
by any damage to spinal cord or brain like what
can happen in car accident or sports injury.
 Some kinds of paralysis are caused by conditions
or diseases linked to specific genes .
Conditions & Causes

19.  Following are the types of paralysis
 1) Complete paralyses
 2) Partial or incomplete paralyses also known as
Paresis
 3) Localized paralysis
 4) Generalized paralysis
Types Of Paralysis

20.  Main types
 1) Monoplegia : “In this, only one limb is paralyzed.”
 2) Diplegia “In this, both sides effected where both legs or both arms etc”
 3) Hemiplegia “In this, one side of body usually caused by stroke.”
 4) Quadriplegia “In this, all four limbs are effected sometimes along with
certain organs.”
 5) Paraplegia “In this, it is effected from waist down.”
 6) Locked-in syndrome “In this rare type of paralysis, all the body is effected
except the muscles of eye movements.”
Types Of Paralysis

21.  1) MOTOR NEURON DISEASES (MNDs)
 Motor neurons are the nerve cells that control the muscles you use to walk, breathe,
speak, and move your limbs. There are two types, upper motor neurons & lower
motor neurons.
 Upper motor neuron diseases like primary lateral sclerosis PLS & Lower motor
neuron diseases like spinal muscular atrophy SMA.
 2) DEMYELINATING DISEASES
 This happen when protective coating around nerve cells called the myelin sheath is
damaged overtime. That makes it harder for neurons to send signals throughout your
body. It weakens muscles and causes paralysis. Most common is MULTIPLE
SCLEROSIS.
 3) PERIODIC PARALYSIS
 This is caused by changes in certain genes. It involves random attacks of paralysis,
triggered by person’s diet.
Sub Types

22.  4) Sleep paralysis
 This happens while you are waking up or falling asleep. In this, you are well aware
of the surroundings but can’t move or speak. Also one sees things that aren’t there
(Hallucination).
 5) Bell’s palsy
 A condition in which one side muscles of the face become weak or paralyzed, it
affects one side of the face at a time causing it to get stiffed. It is due to some kind of
trauma to the 7th
cranial nerve.
 6) Tick paralysis and lyme disease
 Some ticks have neurotoxins in their spit glands that can cause paralysis. Once the
tick is removed the paralysis vanishes. The ticks if not removed, spreads and can be
very serious, can carry Lyme disease.
Sub Types

23.  7) Muscular dystrophy
 MD is when changes in genes in the proteins make muscles
weak and cause them to break down overtime.
 8) HTLV-1 associated myelopathy
 It is also called as tropical spastic paraparesis TSP. This is
the type of spastic paralysis comes on gradually after an
infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. It
causes symptoms similar to MS, but happens in less than
3% of people infected with the virus.
Sub Types

24.  Currently there is no cure for paralysis itself. In certain cases, some
or all muscle control and feeling returns on its own after treatment
of the cause for the paralysis. Sometimes treatment is important to
prevent further worsening of paralysis.
 1) Rehabilitation
 Rehabilitation is often recommended to overcome paralysis and make
someone independent enough to live quality life.
 2) Physical Therapy
 Uses treatments such as heat massage and exercise to stimulate nerves
and muscles
Treatment

25.  3) Occupational Therapy
 Concentrates on ways to perform activities of daily
living.
 4) Mobility aids
 Include manual and electric wheelchairs and
scooters.
 5) Supportive devices
 Include braces, canes and walkers.
Treatment