This presentation gives a complete brief about multiple sclerosis. It contains information about definition,causes , clinical manifestations , diagnostic evaluation and complete management of multiple sclerosis.
2. DEFINITION
It is a chronic progressive degenerative disorder of central nervous system
characterised by disseminated, demyelination of nerve fibres of the brain and spinal
cord.
INCIDENCE
•15-50 years
•More prominent in males
ETIOLOGY
•Exact cause is unknown
•Immunologic factors
•Genetic factors.
•Highly infectious agents usually virus.
PERCIPITATING FACTORS
•Infection
•Physical injury
•Excessive sweating
•Emotional stress
•Pregnancy
•Poor health status.
3. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
a. Motor symptoms:
• Weakness or paralysis of limbs.
• Diplopia
• Spasticity of muscles.
b. Sensory symptoms:
• Parasthesia
• Blurr vision
• Vertigo
• Numbness and tingling sensation
c. Lhermitt’s sign
• It is a transient sensory system describes as an electric shock radiating down
the spine or into the limbs with flexion of neck.
d. Cerebellar signs
• Nystagmus
• Ataxia
• Dysarthia
• Dysphagia
4. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
•History collection
•Physical examination
•CSF analysis
MEDICAL MANAGEMNT
•Corticosteroide(e.g., Prednisolone)
•Immunomodulators
•Immuno0supporesants
•Cholinergics
•Anticholinergics
•Muscle relaxants to relieve from spasticity.
SURGICAL MANAGEMNT
•Neurectomy
