This document proposes a three-layer model for a multi-dimensional evaluation framework to measure public transit service performance. The framework uses both subjective and objective measures, allowing input from stakeholders. It is built on a three-tier architecture for flexibility, a good user interface, and resistance to change. The three tiers are the system level, route level, and data storage level. The framework evaluates performance at different levels of detail using criteria, indicators, and a weighting process to reflect importance.
Sustainable Urban Transport Development with Stakeholder Participation, an AH...BME
Public transport development decisions are generally made by local government representatives or managers of the local transport company through a top-down procedure. However, if the implications do not meet the demand of the public, the improvement cannot be considered as sustainable and in a long range, correction is necessary. This paper aims to introduce a new model which is capable of supporting public transport development decision making by examining the preferences of different stakeholder groups (passengers, potential passengers, and local government) and creating an acceptable coordination for an ultimate, sustainable decision. In the model, Analytic Hierarchy Process is applied, combined with Kendall rank correlation and an extra level of stakeholder significance in the decision. A case study is also presented on the situation of a Turkish city: Mersin. The results show, that by the application of the new model, a more integrated and thus more sustainable solution can be created for the public transport problems of the city, and by this, probably more citizens can be attracted to use public transport modes which might result in decreased CO2 emissions.
This document discusses the development of a probabilistic network-level pavement management system using Markov processes. Pavements are grouped into families with similar characteristics. Markov transition probability matrices are developed for each family to model the uncertain deterioration of pavements over time. The Markov models are integrated with dynamic programming and prioritization programs to determine optimal maintenance and rehabilitation recommendations under budget constraints and provide the highest network performance. The developed system is applied to an airport pavement network as an example.
MARTA conducted surveys to examine the relationship between customer satisfaction and passenger environment quality. The Passenger Environment Survey assessed cleanliness, maintenance, and comfort of vehicles and stations, while the Customer Satisfaction Survey measured rider perceptions. There was a moderate correlation between positive ratings on cleanliness measures like train exteriors in the satisfaction survey and audit results. However, no relationship was found for interior cleanliness or station signage ratings. The findings can help MARTA prioritize improvements to address weaknesses indicated in both datasets.
This document summarizes a research article that analyzes the performance of a sugar mill feeding system using Markov process modeling. The feeding system has four subsystems: a cutting system, crushing system, bagasse carrying system, and heat generating system. The researchers model the system's states using a time-homogeneous Markov process to determine the reliability function and steady-state availability. They then use genetic algorithm optimization to determine optimal system design parameters that maximize availability. The methodology section outlines the assumptions made and describes how Markov modeling and genetic algorithms are applied to analyze the system and optimize its performance.
This document discusses using Markov chains to model the strategic planning processes of enterprise innovation activity. It begins by introducing Markov chains and their properties. It then reviews previous research applying Markov chains in areas like credit policy, project management, land use forecasting, and stock trading. The document proposes representing the states of strategic innovation planning as nodes in a Markov chain graph. This allows calculating transition probabilities between states over time. The graph and transition probability matrix presented can be used to model and predict the strategic planning process.
International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC)ijwscjournal
A Knowledge Management (KM) System plays a crucial role in every industry as well as in Higher Learning Institutions. A RESTful resource is anything that is addressable over the Web. The resources can be accessed and transferred between clients and server. The resources can be accessed and transferred
between clients and servers. Based on our earlier research works, we have developed a comprehensive KM System framework, evaluation method, mult-dimensional metric model and useful metrics which are helpful to assess any given knowledge management system. In this proposed work, we first describe the actual implementation steps for building the KM System metric database using the multi-dimensional metric model. Secondly we describe the approaches for designing a multi-dimensional Restful Resources and Web Services using the mutli-dimensional metric model and demonstrate how the KM system can be ranked and rated for its effectiveness using WAM and RESTful Resources.
Target-based test path prioritization for UML activity diagram using weight a...IJECEIAES
The benefit of exploratory testing and ad hoc testing by tester’s experience is that crucial bugs are found quickly. Regression testing and test case prioritization are important processes of software testing when software functions have been changed. We propose a test path prioritization method to generate a sequence of test paths that would match the testers’ interests and focuses on the target area of interest or on the changed area. We generate test paths form the activity diagrams and survey the test path prioritization from testers. We define node and edge weight to the symbols of activity diagrams by applying Time management, Pareto, Buffett, Binary, and Bipolar method. Then we propose a test path score equation to prioritize test paths. We also propose evaluation methods i.e., the difference and the similarity of test path prioritization to testers’ interests. Our proposed method had the least average of the difference and the most average of the similarity compare with the tester’s prioritization of test paths. The Bipolar method was the most suitable for assigning weights to match test path rank by the tester. Our proposed method also has given the affected path by changing area higher priority than the other test path.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT MODEL OF THE ADAPTIVE GUIDANCEijseajournal
The need for adaptive guidance systems is now recognized for all software development processes. The new needs generated by the mobility context for software development led these guidance systems to both quality and ability adaptation to the possible variations of the development context. This paper deals with the adaptive guidance quality to satisfy the developer’s guidance needs. We propose a quality model to the adaptive guidance. This model offers a more detailed description of the quality factors of guidance service adaptation. This description aims to assess the quality level of each guidance adaptation factor and therefore the evaluation of the adaptive quality guidance service.
Sustainable Urban Transport Development with Stakeholder Participation, an AH...BME
Public transport development decisions are generally made by local government representatives or managers of the local transport company through a top-down procedure. However, if the implications do not meet the demand of the public, the improvement cannot be considered as sustainable and in a long range, correction is necessary. This paper aims to introduce a new model which is capable of supporting public transport development decision making by examining the preferences of different stakeholder groups (passengers, potential passengers, and local government) and creating an acceptable coordination for an ultimate, sustainable decision. In the model, Analytic Hierarchy Process is applied, combined with Kendall rank correlation and an extra level of stakeholder significance in the decision. A case study is also presented on the situation of a Turkish city: Mersin. The results show, that by the application of the new model, a more integrated and thus more sustainable solution can be created for the public transport problems of the city, and by this, probably more citizens can be attracted to use public transport modes which might result in decreased CO2 emissions.
This document discusses the development of a probabilistic network-level pavement management system using Markov processes. Pavements are grouped into families with similar characteristics. Markov transition probability matrices are developed for each family to model the uncertain deterioration of pavements over time. The Markov models are integrated with dynamic programming and prioritization programs to determine optimal maintenance and rehabilitation recommendations under budget constraints and provide the highest network performance. The developed system is applied to an airport pavement network as an example.
MARTA conducted surveys to examine the relationship between customer satisfaction and passenger environment quality. The Passenger Environment Survey assessed cleanliness, maintenance, and comfort of vehicles and stations, while the Customer Satisfaction Survey measured rider perceptions. There was a moderate correlation between positive ratings on cleanliness measures like train exteriors in the satisfaction survey and audit results. However, no relationship was found for interior cleanliness or station signage ratings. The findings can help MARTA prioritize improvements to address weaknesses indicated in both datasets.
This document summarizes a research article that analyzes the performance of a sugar mill feeding system using Markov process modeling. The feeding system has four subsystems: a cutting system, crushing system, bagasse carrying system, and heat generating system. The researchers model the system's states using a time-homogeneous Markov process to determine the reliability function and steady-state availability. They then use genetic algorithm optimization to determine optimal system design parameters that maximize availability. The methodology section outlines the assumptions made and describes how Markov modeling and genetic algorithms are applied to analyze the system and optimize its performance.
This document discusses using Markov chains to model the strategic planning processes of enterprise innovation activity. It begins by introducing Markov chains and their properties. It then reviews previous research applying Markov chains in areas like credit policy, project management, land use forecasting, and stock trading. The document proposes representing the states of strategic innovation planning as nodes in a Markov chain graph. This allows calculating transition probabilities between states over time. The graph and transition probability matrix presented can be used to model and predict the strategic planning process.
International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC)ijwscjournal
A Knowledge Management (KM) System plays a crucial role in every industry as well as in Higher Learning Institutions. A RESTful resource is anything that is addressable over the Web. The resources can be accessed and transferred between clients and server. The resources can be accessed and transferred
between clients and servers. Based on our earlier research works, we have developed a comprehensive KM System framework, evaluation method, mult-dimensional metric model and useful metrics which are helpful to assess any given knowledge management system. In this proposed work, we first describe the actual implementation steps for building the KM System metric database using the multi-dimensional metric model. Secondly we describe the approaches for designing a multi-dimensional Restful Resources and Web Services using the mutli-dimensional metric model and demonstrate how the KM system can be ranked and rated for its effectiveness using WAM and RESTful Resources.
Target-based test path prioritization for UML activity diagram using weight a...IJECEIAES
The benefit of exploratory testing and ad hoc testing by tester’s experience is that crucial bugs are found quickly. Regression testing and test case prioritization are important processes of software testing when software functions have been changed. We propose a test path prioritization method to generate a sequence of test paths that would match the testers’ interests and focuses on the target area of interest or on the changed area. We generate test paths form the activity diagrams and survey the test path prioritization from testers. We define node and edge weight to the symbols of activity diagrams by applying Time management, Pareto, Buffett, Binary, and Bipolar method. Then we propose a test path score equation to prioritize test paths. We also propose evaluation methods i.e., the difference and the similarity of test path prioritization to testers’ interests. Our proposed method had the least average of the difference and the most average of the similarity compare with the tester’s prioritization of test paths. The Bipolar method was the most suitable for assigning weights to match test path rank by the tester. Our proposed method also has given the affected path by changing area higher priority than the other test path.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT MODEL OF THE ADAPTIVE GUIDANCEijseajournal
The need for adaptive guidance systems is now recognized for all software development processes. The new needs generated by the mobility context for software development led these guidance systems to both quality and ability adaptation to the possible variations of the development context. This paper deals with the adaptive guidance quality to satisfy the developer’s guidance needs. We propose a quality model to the adaptive guidance. This model offers a more detailed description of the quality factors of guidance service adaptation. This description aims to assess the quality level of each guidance adaptation factor and therefore the evaluation of the adaptive quality guidance service.
This document proposes using Markov chains to model and analyze industrial electronic repair processes. Markov chains are well-suited for this application because repair processes are stochastic in nature, with many possible paths and outcomes. The document introduces two Markov chain models - an absorbing Markov chain model and an acyclic absorbing Markov chain model - to represent repair processes and determine important operational parameters. The models can help identify improvement opportunities, support quality control efforts, and inform resource allocation decisions. An example application to a real electronic repair process is also discussed.
The document proposes a Response Aware Probabilistic Matrix Factorization (RAPMF) framework to address limitations in existing collaborative filtering recommendation systems. RAPMF incorporates users' response patterns into probabilistic matrix factorization by modeling responses as a Bernoulli distribution for observed ratings and a step function for unobserved ratings. This allows marginalizing missing responses. The authors also develop a mini-batch implementation of RAPMF to reduce computational costs from O(N×M) to O(B2) for mini-batches of B users and items. Experimental evaluation on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrates the merits of RAPMF, including improved performance and reduced training time compared to other methods.
Assessing Level of Service of Two Lane Highways Using User Perception and Its...IJERA Editor
This document presents a study that assesses the level of service (LOS) of two-lane highways using user perception and its relationship with field measurements. The study identifies key attributes that affect user perception of LOS through a questionnaire survey. These attributes include speed, quality of road, and delay. LOS is then determined for three stretches of two-lane highways in Trivandrum, India using fuzzy set theory and fuzzy clustering based on user responses. The LOS obtained from these methods are then compared to LOS determined using the methodology in the Highway Capacity Manual, which considers percent time spent following and average travel speed. The study finds that both the fuzzy set approach and fuzzy clustering yield a LOS of C for all
Flow models describe groups of flows that exhibit consistent behavior characteristics. The main types are peer-to-peer, client-server, hierarchical client-server, and distributed computing. A hierarchical client-server model has multiple server tiers like servers communicating with support servers or managers. Distributed computing can reverse the client-server direction or use a hybrid peer-to-peer and client-server approach depending on how tasks are distributed.
This document discusses reliability modeling approaches for complex command and control systems. It proposes using a multi-formalism modeling technique that combines different modeling formalisms like fault trees, Bayesian networks, repairable fault trees, and generalized stochastic Petri nets. This allows different aspects of the system to be modeled based on the formalism best suited to that aspect. An example is given of a multi-formalism availability model for a railway control system that combines these different modeling formalisms. The document also provides a brief introduction to some common modeling formalisms used for reliability, safety and security evaluation.
This document describes a Markov chain model for personnel management using data from El-Amin International School in Minna, Nigeria from 2000-2010. The model allows for both "push" promotions based on exams and seniority as well as "pull" promotions to fill vacancies. The results of applying the model to the data show that the probability of promotion is 0.21, retention without promotion is 0.52, and new recruitment is 0.27. The mixed push-pull Markov chain model can help organizations determine future staffing needs and make promotion and recruitment policies.
This document presents a framework to estimate power consumption in smartphones by mapping a functional modeling approach (hierarchical generic finite state machine or HGFSM) to an analytical modeling approach (hierarchical performance model or HPM). The HGFSM models the states a task may be in, such as initial, processing, and completed/failed. It is converted to a Markovian model and decomposed into sub-states if possible. HPM is then applied to each state to derive equations for average power consumption using measurements from lower levels. The framework was tested on a smartphone to estimate power and locate bottlenecks.
A NEW APPROACH IN PACKET SCHEDULING IN THE VANET ijasuc
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) are expected to have great potential to improve both traffic safety
and comfort in the future. When many vehicles want to access data through roadside unit, data scheduling
become an important issue. In this paper, we identify some challenges in roadside based data access. To
address these challenges we first review some existing scheduling schemes. We then propose a priority
scheduling and finally show that using this idea can increase QOS compare to previous algorithms.
WEB SERVICE SELECTION BASED ON RANKING OF QOS USING ASSOCIATIVE CLASSIFICATIONijwscjournal
With the explosive growth of the number of services published over the Internet, it is difficult to select satisfactory web services among the candidate web services which provide similar functionalities. Quality of Service (QoS) is considered as the most important non-functional criterion for service selection. But this criterion is no longer considered as the only criterion to rank web services, satisfying user’s preferences. The similarity measure (outputs–inputs similarity) between concepts based on ontology in an interconnected network of semantic Web services involved in a composition can be used as a distinguishing criterion to estimate the semantic quality of selected services for the composite service. Coupling the
semantic similarity as the functional aspect and quality of services allows us to further constrain and select services for the valid composite services. In this paper, we present an overall service selection and ranking framework which firstly classify candidate web services to different QoS levels respect to user’s QoS requirements and preferences with an Associative Classification algorithm and then rank the most qualified candidate services based on their functional quality through semantic matching. The experimental results show that proposed framework can satisfy service requesters’ non-functional requirements.
This document discusses implementing hybrid recommender systems using web-based methods. It begins by introducing three basic recommendation approaches: demographic, content-based, and collaborative. It notes the disadvantages of each approach. The document then proposes that a hybrid approach can overcome the disadvantages by combining recommendation methods. It presents two consensus-based hybrid recommendation methods and provides examples of their implementation in different web-based systems.
KM System Evaluation using Four dimensional Metric Model, Database and RESTfu...ijwscjournal
A Knowledge Management (KM) System plays a crucial role in every industry as well as in Higher Learning Institutions. A RESTful resource is anything that is addressable over the Web. The resources can be accessed and transferred between clients and server. The resources can be accessed and transferred between clients and servers. Based on our earlier research works, we have developed a comprehensive KM System framework, evaluation method, mult-dimensional metric model and useful metrics which are helpful to assess any given knowledge management system. In this proposed work, we first describe the actual implementation steps for building the KM System metric database using the multi-dimensional metric model. Secondly we describe the approaches for designing a multi-dimensional Restful Resources and Web Services using the mutli-dimensional metric model and demonstrate how the KM system can be ranked and rated for its effectiveness using WAM and RESTful Resources.
Tourism Based Hybrid Recommendation SystemIRJET Journal
This paper proposes a hybrid tourism recommendation system that combines collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, and aspect-based sentiment analysis to improve accuracy and address cold start problems. The system analyzes user ratings and reviews to predict ratings for other tourism packages. It stores ratings, reviews, and sentiment information in a database to enhance recommendations. Results showed the hybrid approach increased efficiency over conventional methods. Future work could include testing on additional datasets and expanding the system.
A METHOD FOR WEBSITE USABILITY EVALUATION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSISIJwest
ABSTRACT
Graphical user interfaces design in software development process focuses on maximizing usability and the user's experience, in order to make the interaction for users easy, flexible and efficient. In this paper, we propose an approach for evaluating the usability satisfaction degree of a web-based system. The proposed method has been accomplished in two phases and implemented on an airlines website as a case study. In the first phase, a website usability test is implemented by a number of users, and then the results obtained are translated into charts for a final web-based system evaluation in the second phase. The results achieved
were satisfactory, since the places where the weaknesses and gaps in the website are identified and recommended solutions to avoid them are drawn. The authenticity of the results have been confirmed by comparing them with user opinions acquired from a questionnaire, which proves the precision in which the website is rated.
Usability Evaluation in Educational Technology Alaa Sadik
The document discusses different methods for evaluating the usability of educational technology. It defines usability as measuring the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction of users completing tasks with a tool. There are three main methods: user-based involves testing users on tasks; expert-based uses experts to examine interfaces; and model-based applies models to predict usability based on task sequences. Each method has advantages like user-based providing realistic estimates, and disadvantages like expert-based being affected by expert variability. Choosing a method depends on needed information and the development stage being evaluated.
Cost Analysis of ComFrame: A Communication Framework for Data Management in ...IOSR Journals
The document discusses a cost-benefit analysis of ComFrame, a communication framework for data management in mobile location-based services. It analyzes the costs of installing and operating ComFrame servers over an 8-year period and finds the net present value is positive, indicating the benefits outweigh the costs. The analysis groups costs and benefits into a table to calculate the total costs, benefits, and net benefit for each year. It determines ComFrame's purchase and use is reasonable as the servers will save costs each month going forward.
Water Resource Planning & Management ModelsGodisgoodtube
Water resource models are analytical tools used to understand and predict water systems. Models can range from simple calculations to complex computer programs. They represent real-world water systems using numbers and equations. Common water resource models include SWAT, HEC-RAS, and CropWat. Models are used for operations and management, planning, policy development, and regulation. They help synthesize and analyze water quality and quantity data and can be used as predictive tools.
The Automation of Critical Path Method using Machine Learning: A Conceptual S...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This research aims to shed light on the use of machine learning in improving, developing and automating the critical path method, solving its problems, studying this effect and its dimensions, and discussing that from many aspects.
The research is divided into two theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is concerned with studying the critical path method and its advantages, problems and challenges, as well as studying machine learning and artificial intelligence and its dimensions, reviewing materials and sources related to this, and then presenting suggestions and future solutions based on this study. As for the practical section, it is a questionnaire that targeted a segment of engineers, in particular, and others who have sufficient experience in both the critical path method and machine learning, and seeking their opinions on both topics.
The result of the theoretical research was 14 theories or proposals that were presented based on the foregoing study. As for the practical questionnaire, a sample of 127 was taken. Through statistical analysis, the results were analyzed and discussed separately, and then a conclusion was drawn regarding them.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
The objective of this paper is to provide an insight preview into various
agent oriented methodologies by using an enhanced comparison
framework based on criteria like process related criteria, steps and
techniques related criteria, steps and usability criteria, model related or
“concepts” related criteria, comparison regarding model related criteria
and comparison regarding supportive related criteria. The result also
constitutes inputs collected from the users of the agent oriented
methodologies through a questionnaire based survey.
This document proposes using Markov chains to model and analyze industrial electronic repair processes. Markov chains are well-suited for this application because repair processes are stochastic in nature, with many possible paths and outcomes. The document introduces two Markov chain models - an absorbing Markov chain model and an acyclic absorbing Markov chain model - to represent repair processes and determine important operational parameters. The models can help identify improvement opportunities, support quality control efforts, and inform resource allocation decisions. An example application to a real electronic repair process is also discussed.
The document proposes a Response Aware Probabilistic Matrix Factorization (RAPMF) framework to address limitations in existing collaborative filtering recommendation systems. RAPMF incorporates users' response patterns into probabilistic matrix factorization by modeling responses as a Bernoulli distribution for observed ratings and a step function for unobserved ratings. This allows marginalizing missing responses. The authors also develop a mini-batch implementation of RAPMF to reduce computational costs from O(N×M) to O(B2) for mini-batches of B users and items. Experimental evaluation on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrates the merits of RAPMF, including improved performance and reduced training time compared to other methods.
Assessing Level of Service of Two Lane Highways Using User Perception and Its...IJERA Editor
This document presents a study that assesses the level of service (LOS) of two-lane highways using user perception and its relationship with field measurements. The study identifies key attributes that affect user perception of LOS through a questionnaire survey. These attributes include speed, quality of road, and delay. LOS is then determined for three stretches of two-lane highways in Trivandrum, India using fuzzy set theory and fuzzy clustering based on user responses. The LOS obtained from these methods are then compared to LOS determined using the methodology in the Highway Capacity Manual, which considers percent time spent following and average travel speed. The study finds that both the fuzzy set approach and fuzzy clustering yield a LOS of C for all
Flow models describe groups of flows that exhibit consistent behavior characteristics. The main types are peer-to-peer, client-server, hierarchical client-server, and distributed computing. A hierarchical client-server model has multiple server tiers like servers communicating with support servers or managers. Distributed computing can reverse the client-server direction or use a hybrid peer-to-peer and client-server approach depending on how tasks are distributed.
This document discusses reliability modeling approaches for complex command and control systems. It proposes using a multi-formalism modeling technique that combines different modeling formalisms like fault trees, Bayesian networks, repairable fault trees, and generalized stochastic Petri nets. This allows different aspects of the system to be modeled based on the formalism best suited to that aspect. An example is given of a multi-formalism availability model for a railway control system that combines these different modeling formalisms. The document also provides a brief introduction to some common modeling formalisms used for reliability, safety and security evaluation.
This document describes a Markov chain model for personnel management using data from El-Amin International School in Minna, Nigeria from 2000-2010. The model allows for both "push" promotions based on exams and seniority as well as "pull" promotions to fill vacancies. The results of applying the model to the data show that the probability of promotion is 0.21, retention without promotion is 0.52, and new recruitment is 0.27. The mixed push-pull Markov chain model can help organizations determine future staffing needs and make promotion and recruitment policies.
This document presents a framework to estimate power consumption in smartphones by mapping a functional modeling approach (hierarchical generic finite state machine or HGFSM) to an analytical modeling approach (hierarchical performance model or HPM). The HGFSM models the states a task may be in, such as initial, processing, and completed/failed. It is converted to a Markovian model and decomposed into sub-states if possible. HPM is then applied to each state to derive equations for average power consumption using measurements from lower levels. The framework was tested on a smartphone to estimate power and locate bottlenecks.
A NEW APPROACH IN PACKET SCHEDULING IN THE VANET ijasuc
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) are expected to have great potential to improve both traffic safety
and comfort in the future. When many vehicles want to access data through roadside unit, data scheduling
become an important issue. In this paper, we identify some challenges in roadside based data access. To
address these challenges we first review some existing scheduling schemes. We then propose a priority
scheduling and finally show that using this idea can increase QOS compare to previous algorithms.
WEB SERVICE SELECTION BASED ON RANKING OF QOS USING ASSOCIATIVE CLASSIFICATIONijwscjournal
With the explosive growth of the number of services published over the Internet, it is difficult to select satisfactory web services among the candidate web services which provide similar functionalities. Quality of Service (QoS) is considered as the most important non-functional criterion for service selection. But this criterion is no longer considered as the only criterion to rank web services, satisfying user’s preferences. The similarity measure (outputs–inputs similarity) between concepts based on ontology in an interconnected network of semantic Web services involved in a composition can be used as a distinguishing criterion to estimate the semantic quality of selected services for the composite service. Coupling the
semantic similarity as the functional aspect and quality of services allows us to further constrain and select services for the valid composite services. In this paper, we present an overall service selection and ranking framework which firstly classify candidate web services to different QoS levels respect to user’s QoS requirements and preferences with an Associative Classification algorithm and then rank the most qualified candidate services based on their functional quality through semantic matching. The experimental results show that proposed framework can satisfy service requesters’ non-functional requirements.
This document discusses implementing hybrid recommender systems using web-based methods. It begins by introducing three basic recommendation approaches: demographic, content-based, and collaborative. It notes the disadvantages of each approach. The document then proposes that a hybrid approach can overcome the disadvantages by combining recommendation methods. It presents two consensus-based hybrid recommendation methods and provides examples of their implementation in different web-based systems.
KM System Evaluation using Four dimensional Metric Model, Database and RESTfu...ijwscjournal
A Knowledge Management (KM) System plays a crucial role in every industry as well as in Higher Learning Institutions. A RESTful resource is anything that is addressable over the Web. The resources can be accessed and transferred between clients and server. The resources can be accessed and transferred between clients and servers. Based on our earlier research works, we have developed a comprehensive KM System framework, evaluation method, mult-dimensional metric model and useful metrics which are helpful to assess any given knowledge management system. In this proposed work, we first describe the actual implementation steps for building the KM System metric database using the multi-dimensional metric model. Secondly we describe the approaches for designing a multi-dimensional Restful Resources and Web Services using the mutli-dimensional metric model and demonstrate how the KM system can be ranked and rated for its effectiveness using WAM and RESTful Resources.
Tourism Based Hybrid Recommendation SystemIRJET Journal
This paper proposes a hybrid tourism recommendation system that combines collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, and aspect-based sentiment analysis to improve accuracy and address cold start problems. The system analyzes user ratings and reviews to predict ratings for other tourism packages. It stores ratings, reviews, and sentiment information in a database to enhance recommendations. Results showed the hybrid approach increased efficiency over conventional methods. Future work could include testing on additional datasets and expanding the system.
A METHOD FOR WEBSITE USABILITY EVALUATION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSISIJwest
ABSTRACT
Graphical user interfaces design in software development process focuses on maximizing usability and the user's experience, in order to make the interaction for users easy, flexible and efficient. In this paper, we propose an approach for evaluating the usability satisfaction degree of a web-based system. The proposed method has been accomplished in two phases and implemented on an airlines website as a case study. In the first phase, a website usability test is implemented by a number of users, and then the results obtained are translated into charts for a final web-based system evaluation in the second phase. The results achieved
were satisfactory, since the places where the weaknesses and gaps in the website are identified and recommended solutions to avoid them are drawn. The authenticity of the results have been confirmed by comparing them with user opinions acquired from a questionnaire, which proves the precision in which the website is rated.
Usability Evaluation in Educational Technology Alaa Sadik
The document discusses different methods for evaluating the usability of educational technology. It defines usability as measuring the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction of users completing tasks with a tool. There are three main methods: user-based involves testing users on tasks; expert-based uses experts to examine interfaces; and model-based applies models to predict usability based on task sequences. Each method has advantages like user-based providing realistic estimates, and disadvantages like expert-based being affected by expert variability. Choosing a method depends on needed information and the development stage being evaluated.
Cost Analysis of ComFrame: A Communication Framework for Data Management in ...IOSR Journals
The document discusses a cost-benefit analysis of ComFrame, a communication framework for data management in mobile location-based services. It analyzes the costs of installing and operating ComFrame servers over an 8-year period and finds the net present value is positive, indicating the benefits outweigh the costs. The analysis groups costs and benefits into a table to calculate the total costs, benefits, and net benefit for each year. It determines ComFrame's purchase and use is reasonable as the servers will save costs each month going forward.
Water Resource Planning & Management ModelsGodisgoodtube
Water resource models are analytical tools used to understand and predict water systems. Models can range from simple calculations to complex computer programs. They represent real-world water systems using numbers and equations. Common water resource models include SWAT, HEC-RAS, and CropWat. Models are used for operations and management, planning, policy development, and regulation. They help synthesize and analyze water quality and quantity data and can be used as predictive tools.
The Automation of Critical Path Method using Machine Learning: A Conceptual S...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This research aims to shed light on the use of machine learning in improving, developing and automating the critical path method, solving its problems, studying this effect and its dimensions, and discussing that from many aspects.
The research is divided into two theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is concerned with studying the critical path method and its advantages, problems and challenges, as well as studying machine learning and artificial intelligence and its dimensions, reviewing materials and sources related to this, and then presenting suggestions and future solutions based on this study. As for the practical section, it is a questionnaire that targeted a segment of engineers, in particular, and others who have sufficient experience in both the critical path method and machine learning, and seeking their opinions on both topics.
The result of the theoretical research was 14 theories or proposals that were presented based on the foregoing study. As for the practical questionnaire, a sample of 127 was taken. Through statistical analysis, the results were analyzed and discussed separately, and then a conclusion was drawn regarding them.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
The objective of this paper is to provide an insight preview into various
agent oriented methodologies by using an enhanced comparison
framework based on criteria like process related criteria, steps and
techniques related criteria, steps and usability criteria, model related or
“concepts” related criteria, comparison regarding model related criteria
and comparison regarding supportive related criteria. The result also
constitutes inputs collected from the users of the agent oriented
methodologies through a questionnaire based survey.
An experimental usability_test_for_different_destinationUzma Abidi
This document describes a study that evaluated different variants of a travel recommendation system using usability testing. The study tested 3 variants of the system - one with query functions only, one with single item recommendations, and one that allowed exploring full travel recommendations. Users completed tasks in each system and provided subjective feedback via a questionnaire. Objective interaction data was also collected. The study aimed to test if the recommendation variants helped users find suitable items more easily and efficiently, and if they facilitated constructing satisfying travel plans. Findings would provide insights into how to improve the system.
With the development of the urbanization, industrialization and populace, there has been a huge development in the rush hour gridlock. With development in the rush hour gridlock, there got a heap of issues with it as well, these issues incorporate congested roads, mishaps and movement govern infringement at the overwhelming activity signals. This thusly adversy affects the economy of the nation and in addition the loss of lives. Thus, Speed control is in the need of great importance because of the expanded rate of mishaps announced in our everyday life. The criminal traffic offense expanded due to over movement on streets. The reason is rapid of vehicles. The speed of the vehicles is past the normal speed confine is called speed infringement. In this paper diverse issues are confronted that are given in issue detailing. Every one of these issues are in future with the assistance of the fortification learning issue and advancement issue the changed neural system is contemplated with NN calculations forward Chaining back spread . Omesh Goyal | Chamkour Singh ""A Review on Traffic Signal Identification"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23557.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/23557/a-review-on-traffic-signal-identification/omesh-goyal
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Multi-Dimensional Framework in Public Transport Planning
1. Three Layer Model for Realization of Multi-Dimensional
Evaluation Framework in Public Transport Planning
Dakshaini H V Sharathkumar K G Kusuma R
Dept. of CS&E Dept. of CS&E Lecturer, Dept. of CS&E
Kalpataru Institute of Technology Kalpataru Institute of Technology Kalpataru Institute of Technology
Tiptur Tiptur Tiptur
dakshainidivya@gmail.com sharu.gangadhar@gmail.com kusuma.r15@gmail.com
Abstract-This paper presents a multi-level framework to
measure public transit service performance. Multi-
dimensional framework contains different dimensions,
suitable dimension need to be select for implementation.
This framework uses a combination of subjective and
objective measures to access the service quality. It
allows for the opinions of the various stakeholders of
public transit services (users, operators, and service
providers) to be incorporated in a multi-criteria
evaluation process. With focus on the design and
implementation of the multi-dimensional framework,
this paper describes a transport planning system tool
built on the three-tier architecture to achieve good
flexibility, better user interface, accessibility,
extensibility and resistance to potential changes. The
framework can evaluate the public transit service
performance at different levels of details by using three-
tier architecture (system level and route level).
Keywords-Multi criteria, Three-tier architecture,
Decision making, Performance evaluation, Public
transit, Database
I. INTRODUCTION
Multi-Dimensional framework analysis
describes any structured approach used to determine
overall preferences among alternative options, where
the options accomplish several objectives. In Multi-
Dimensional framework analysis, desirable
objectives are specified and corresponding attributes
or indicators are identified [1]. The actual
measurement of indicators need not be in monetary
terms, but are often based on the quantitative analysis
(through scoring, ranking and weighting) of a wide
range of qualitative impact categories and criteria.
Multi-Dimensional framework provides techniques
for comparing and ranking different outcomes, even
though a variety of indictors are used. Multi-
Dimensional framework analysis includes a range of
related techniques.
The weighting process is used in this paper
to reflect the importance of the various evaluation
criteria and the performance indicators [1]. The
importance term refers to the perceived value of the
criteria (or the performance indicators) by
experienced a transport professionals or a
stakeholder. Such perception is likely to vary among
stakeholders and may reflect different biased
opinions towards specific criteria of importance to
the stakeholder group, and as such is deemed
necessary to involve a group of unbiased
transportation professional in such weighting process.
This will ensure the fairness and reflect unbiased
view.
II. MULTI-DIMENSIONAL FRAMEWORK
ARCHITECTURE
The multi-dimensional framework architecture
includes multi-criteria data analysis, three layer
programming model, Unified-Modeling Language,
Model-View-Controller.
A. Multi-Criteria Data Analysis
Multi-criteria data analysis is a sub-
discipline of operations of research that explicitly
considers multiple criteria in decision-making
environments [2]. It is useful to evaluate the ability of
various activities of a model to fulfill a given
objectives. This assessment can take place to collect
the opinion of decision-makers and beneficiaries
about the effectiveness of the activities.
B. Three-Layer Programming Model
Three-layer architecture is a client-server
architecture in which presentation, application
processing, data management functions are
physically separated as shown in figure 1. A three-
layer architecture is typically composed of a
presentation layer, a domain logic layer and data
storage layer, where user interface, functional process
2. logic, computer data storage and data access are
developed and maintained as independent modules,
most often on separate platforms [3].
Figure 1: Three-tier Architecture
C. Unified-Modeling Language (UML)
UML offers a way to visualize a systems’
architectural blueprints in a diagrams including
elements such as, any activities, individual
components of the system and how they can interact
with other software components, how the system will
run, how the entities interact with others (
components and interfaces ), external user interface.
D. Model-View-Controller
Model-view-controller is a software pattern
for implementing user interfaces. It divides a given
application into three inter connected parts, so as to
separate internal representations from the ways that
information is presented to or accepted from the user.
The central component, the model, consists of
application data, business rules, logic and functions.
A view can be any output representation of
information such as chart or diagram. The third part,
the controller, accepts input and converts it to
commands for the model or view.
III. THREE-TIER MODEL
In this three-tier programming model
framework is based on the concept of evaluating
performance according to some selected criteria
where such criteria are assessed by indicators.
A .Performance Analysis Model
The framework is divided into five “major
steps” (Figure 1): defining the sets of criteria and
indicators, selection of evaluation methods, data
collection, analysis and interpretation and finally the
recommendations for service improvement.
The framework follows the typical sequence
of planning framework of problem identification,
methodology development, data collection, analysis
and mitigations development and deployment.
The framework has the ability to evaluate an
established transit system as well as a new transit
systems or systems with inadequate historical records
of performance measures. The Framework has also
flexibility in the choice of criteria-indicators and
methods: one can choose suitable evaluation methods
according to the objectives and resources [1] [4] [6].
It has also the ability to integrate the multiple
resources and forms of data. Another premise is the
involvement of the stakeholders to share their
knowledge, opinion and observation.
An interesting premise of the framework is
its ability to base the importance of performance
indicators on the national experts’ opinions.[6] Each
operating agency may have its own priorities and
preferences. While one agency with well-established
transit service pays particular attention to the
economic performance criterion, another agency with
relatively recent service may put more emphasis on
the user satisfaction criterion. It is reasonable to
assume that the experts opinions or true reflections of
there own societal characteristics and national needs.
Applying the same framework to a similar case study
in another country might reveal a different set of
weights. These weights are in fact the expert’s
perception on the characteristics of the operating
service provider, their priorities, user characteristics,
operators’ efficiency, etc. As such, one would expect
variability in these course or weights from one
country/or society to another. That is, the expert’s
opinion implicitly captures their understanding of all
the transit service stakeholders (operating agency,
operators and users), the cultural influences, the
operating conditions, and the user characteristics and
needs. Given all the above it is expected that the
application of the suggested framework can be
generalized. By recruiting appropriate experts with
broad knowledge of the studied service, the
framework can be applied to study any similar
service.
The first step of the framework is to define a
set of criteria and indicators that will be used for the
assessment. These criteria may be extracted from the
strategic objectives of the organization. The major
stakeholders like service providers, representatives of
transit users, service operators and public
transportation specialists are suggested to be involved
3. in the process. Workshops are round table
conferences can be useful tool for this step.
As shown in figure2 the evolution criteria
need to be divided in to two folds; one for route
evaluation and another for system evaluation. The
overall system evaluation is needed because some of
the service resources(e.g. road way, bus terminal and
bus stop) are commonly shared among the routes and
cannot be separated. Furthermore
assessment is mostly quantative in nature( qualitative
data can also be used), and aims at developing some
overall score for each route. The system evaluation
can also combine both qualitative and quantative
criteria and indicators.
Figure 2: Framework of performance assessment of
transport system
in the process. Workshops are round table
conferences can be useful tool for this step.
the evolution criteria
wo folds; one for route
evaluation and another for system evaluation. The
overall system evaluation is needed because some of
the service resources(e.g. road way, bus terminal and
bus stop) are commonly shared among the routes and
thermore, the route
assessment is mostly quantative in nature( qualitative
data can also be used), and aims at developing some
overall score for each route. The system evaluation
can also combine both qualitative and quantative
assessment of public
The multi-criteria analysis can be used at
system level. The evaluation ( system or route
depends a on the set of indicators and criteria used
for evaluation at the various level. For system level
the indicators and the criteria is usually at the system
level. For the route level analysis, indicators and
criteria are route-based. One can see the system l
to be an overall assessment of the individual route
levels. The system is set of routes; i.e. the system’s
assessment is the Conclusion of individual route
assessment. Other “pure” system observation made
through users, operators and safety indicators
combined with the individual route assessment to
make an overall assessment of the system.
no well-defined strategic objectives, this definition
process is deemed necessary to account for various
stakeholder’s opinions and resolving co
interests. In addition, it is also essential to define the
set of criteria to be used.
Literature review can be useful in listing
such criteria and performance measures or indicators.
For example, in one of its reports, Transportation
Research Board(2003) categorized the performance
measures into eight categories: availability, service
delivery, safety and security, maintenance and
construction, economic, community, capacity, and
travel time, Zak(2010) chose waiting time, riding
time, timeliness, reliability, situational safety,
transferring frequency, comfort of travel, financial
efficiency and investment probability. Nathanail
(2008) considered multiple criteria including the
itinerary accuracy, system safety, cleanliness,
passenger comfort, servicing, and passenger
information. Ramani et al. (2011) identified 12
performance measures, including measures of
congestion, safety, alternative modes, and air quality.
Yeh et al. (2000) utilized the safety, comfort,
convenience, operation, and social dut
primary measurements of performance. Benn (1995)
investigated five performance criteria: route design,
schedule design economy and productivity, passenger
comfort and safety standard, and service delivery.
Service reliability was also taken as a c
et al.,2009; Chen, 2009; El-Geneidy et al.,2010). The
end result of this step is to identify the two separate
groups of criteria (one for route and one for overall
system performance) and to suggest their associated
indicators.
criteria analysis can be used at
system or route-based)
on the set of indicators and criteria used
for evaluation at the various level. For system level
and the criteria is usually at the system
level. For the route level analysis, indicators and
based. One can see the system level
to be an overall assessment of the individual route
levels. The system is set of routes; i.e. the system’s
Conclusion of individual route
assessment. Other “pure” system observation made
through users, operators and safety indicators are all
combined with the individual route assessment to
make an overall assessment of the system. In cases of
defined strategic objectives, this definition
process is deemed necessary to account for various
stakeholder’s opinions and resolving conflicting
interests. In addition, it is also essential to define the
Literature review can be useful in listing
such criteria and performance measures or indicators.
For example, in one of its reports, Transportation
oard(2003) categorized the performance
measures into eight categories: availability, service
delivery, safety and security, maintenance and
construction, economic, community, capacity, and
travel time, Zak(2010) chose waiting time, riding
reliability, situational safety,
transferring frequency, comfort of travel, financial
efficiency and investment probability. Nathanail
(2008) considered multiple criteria including the
itinerary accuracy, system safety, cleanliness,
vicing, and passenger
information. Ramani et al. (2011) identified 12
performance measures, including measures of
congestion, safety, alternative modes, and air quality.
Yeh et al. (2000) utilized the safety, comfort,
convenience, operation, and social duty as the
primary measurements of performance. Benn (1995)
investigated five performance criteria: route design,
schedule design economy and productivity, passenger
standard, and service delivery.
Service reliability was also taken as a criterion(Chen
Geneidy et al.,2010). The
end result of this step is to identify the two separate
one for route and one for overall
system performance) and to suggest their associated
4. The basic concept involved in this multi
dimensional framework is option, option is at the
core of this framework because there will be many
options and one of the option has to be chosen.
Option and optimizer are the two central concepts of
this multi-dimensional framework.
Figure 3: Class Diagram
Each option will be indicating a certain set
of indicators based upon which the
optimize which option has to be chosen
figure 3. Stop indicates list of stops in a particular
route, stop id, stop name, population at that stop.
Route indicates the stop list. Model indicates route
information, stop list etc. Project indicates session
where session contains model information, option li
and optimizer. Some indicators and criteria are used
in order to evaluate the performance. Some of the
criteria are passenger loading, vehicle, operator,
economy and user satisfaction and various indicators
are chosen for each indicator. These indicators were
selected to cope with ones found in the literature,
taking into considerations the availability of data.
B .Weighting of criteria and indicators
The weighting process is used in this paper
to reflect the importance of the various evaluation
criteria and the performance indicators.
figure 4 shows the Tree Wise Decomposition
Criteria has relative weight age in total Goal of
Transit Quality Plan. In the end they are computed
bottom up way to derive single score for the plan.
The importance term refers to the perceived
value of the criteria (or the performance indicators)
by experienced a transport professionals or a
stakeholder.[6] Such perception is likely to vary
among stakeholders and may reflect different biased
opinions towards specific criteria of importance to
Route
Indicators
and
Criteria
Domain
Variables
Stop
Project Session Model
OptionOptimizer
ept involved in this multi-
dimensional framework is option, option is at the
core of this framework because there will be many
options and one of the option has to be chosen.
Option and optimizer are the two central concepts of
Class Diagram
Each option will be indicating a certain set
of indicators based upon which the optimizer will
optimize which option has to be chosen as shown in
. Stop indicates list of stops in a particular
route, stop id, stop name, population at that stop.
el indicates route
oject indicates session
ation, option list
Some indicators and criteria are used
in order to evaluate the performance. Some of the
criteria are passenger loading, vehicle, operator,
ction and various indicators
. These indicators were
selected to cope with ones found in the literature,
taking into considerations the availability of data.
Weighting of criteria and indicators
The weighting process is used in this paper
to reflect the importance of the various evaluation
the performance indicators. The below
shows the Tree Wise Decomposition. Each
in total Goal of
uality Plan. In the end they are computed
bottom up way to derive single score for the plan.
The importance term refers to the perceived
or the performance indicators)
by experienced a transport professionals or a
h perception is likely to vary
among stakeholders and may reflect different biased
opinions towards specific criteria of importance to
the stakeholder group, and as such is deemed
necessary to involve a group of unbiased
transportation professional in such
This will ensure the fairness and reflect unbiased
view.
Figure 4: Tree Wise Decomposition
The literature indicates the use of various
approaches for the weighting process (
2009; Saremi et al., 2009; Wang
Yeh et al., 2000). A simple weighting processes that
involve several transport professional and experts can
be used as explained here after. [
part of this section, we present the formulation of the
process of criteria and indicators weighting in a
generalized transit system.
C. User Interface
Figure 5: User Interface
Route
Stop
Model
the stakeholder group, and as such is deemed
necessary to involve a group of unbiased
transportation professional in such weighting process.
This will ensure the fairness and reflect unbiased
Tree Wise Decomposition
The literature indicates the use of various
process (Wang and Lee,
; Wang and Chang 2007;
). A simple weighting processes that
involve several transport professional and experts can
[5] In the remaining
part of this section, we present the formulation of the
nd indicators weighting in a
User Interface
5. These are some of the snapshots of the
three-tier architecture that we are used in this
Transport Planning system that is how a UI of M.D.F
can be shown in an UI. Figure 4 shows the 3-Pane
UI. Right pane will be Model Explorer, where there
will be a tree model containing a route, stops in that
route and population at that stop. Left Pane will be
Control Pane for Options, where we can select
various options for computation. And Central Pane
for visualization of Domain Data, whatever the
operations performed in the backend will be
visualized in the central pane.
D. Database
In this three tier programming model some
of the backend databases are used such as Tproject,
containing project id, project name and description of
project. TStop, containing stop name, stop id and the
population at the stop in different interval, and route
information. Tmodel, containing model id, model
name, route id, project id, and session id. Figure 5
shows Tstop database information.
Figure 5: Data Base containing stop list
IV. CONCLUSION
This paper provides a three-tier
programming model for framework which can be
utilized as a tool for evaluating public transit
performances. One of the important features of this
framework is flexibility and involvement of each
stakeholders in the public transport system
assessment.
The primary contribution of this research is
that the presented approach can be used to identify
the areas of operational concerns and based on
indicators and criteria of the routes and for the whole
system, and to suggest actions for improvement. It
can also account for the various stakeholders of the
transit system(users, operators, and administrators)
with various weights. This research provides a
comprehensive framework with ability to
simultaneously account for various indicators and
stakeholders weights. Finally, it can be used to
provide in-depth assessment of particular
shortcomings of individual routes or the entire
system.
The presented scoring technique can be
validated against other performance evaluation
methodologies like the DEA. We believe that the
presented approach is a better approach, because it
allows the analysis to incorporate multiple criteria
and indicators, while the DEA is commonly use to
estimate either the efficiency or the effectiveness
using limited system outputs( namely vehicle
kilometers and ridership ). Future research can
include the validation of the presented multi-criteria
scoring technique against the DEA.
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