The document discusses concepts related to a business's environment, including functional components, the PESTEL model, general vs specific environments, and views on how the environment and strategy are linked. It also examines uncertainty in the environment and how organizations can adapt to the environment through assimilation, accommodation, or selection.

1. Global and European
Business Environment :
What is environment ?
Christophe Benavent
Professor – University Paris Ouest
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2. Business environment
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3. Functional components
„ Customer Market -> downward markets
„ Financial resources -> macro-economics
„ Supply -> upward markets
„ Production and distribution technologies
„ Human resources
„ Legal and institutional environment
„ Environmental aspects : externalities
„ Public opinion and ethics : legitimacy
„ …
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4. The PESTEL model
„ Political
„ Economical
„ Sociological
„ Technological
„ Environmental
„ Legal
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5. General and specific
environment
Macro
Global environment Specific environment
General Task
General environment Local environment
Micro
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6. A system view of task
environment
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7. A system view of general
environment
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8. The 2007 crisis system
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9. Environment uncertainty
„ A classical organizational variable
ƒ Dynamism
ƒ Heterogeneity
ƒ Munificence
ƒ Complexity
„ Exemples :
ƒ organisations as reducing uncertainty ( buffering and
smoothing) Thomson
ƒ Contingency theory : Lawrence and lorsch
ƒ Ressources Dependence Theory : complexity and
network of stakeholder influence
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10. CAC 40
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11. Down Jones
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12. Environment/strategy link
„ Different views
ƒ The contingency view : adaptation view of
environment (Lawrence and Lorsch)
ƒ organizational Ecology : a determinist
environment ( Hanan and Freeman)
ƒ The enactement view : a constructed
environment (Weick)
ƒ The strategic management view : the
modeled or choice environment ( Ansoff)
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14. Action modalities
„ Assimilation
„ Accommodation
„ Sélection
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15. Rent theory
Domination Hyper-
Rentes Différentielles
par les coûts compétitivité
-économie d'échelle
-économie d'expérience
-économie d'envergure
Concurrence
Focalisation monopolistique
Rentes de monopole
-Différenciation
-Domestication
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16. Environment adaptation
Selection Reconfiguration
Mobility
The firm could change
Its position and choose
The environment
Accommodation Assimilation
Market power
The firm could influence,
modify, model its environment
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17. The grain of environment
Polymorphist
Specialist
Amplitude
Mecanist « Improvisist »
frequency
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18. Processus
d ’apprentissage
Extensive
Apprentissage Apprentissage
par l'échec Théorique
Apprentissage
Accidentel par imitation Intentionnel
Apprentissage Apprentissage
par l'usage expérimental
Intensif
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19. Boundaries and frontier
General Field
Uncertainties
Bridges
Internal field
Barriers
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20. Field concept of
environment and Ecology
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22. Trends
1. shifts in economic activity and growth between and within regions of the world;
2. increasing demand for goods and services among the very poor in emerging
markets; (Bope)
3. a faster pace and wider locus of technological innovation;
4. Increasingly global labor markets : migrations ?
5. increasingly ubiquitous and inexpensive access to information and knowledge.
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