MST(28-03-2023).pdf

Dr. K. Benarji, Assistant professsor, Mechanical
Department,CUTM
Multi Skill Technician – Manufacturing
CUTM3013
Dr. K. Benarji, Assistant professor, Mechanical Department, CUTM

The workshop technology gives the basic working knowledge for the production of various engineering products. It explains
the construction, function and the use of various working tools, measuring tools, equipment and machines as well as the
technique of manufacturing a product from its raw material. To understand the subject and to develop the skill, one has to
practice the workshop processes, starting from simple models to complicated products.

workshop practice, can be broadly divided into two sections as mentioned below.
1. Hand-working processes
2. Machining processes
Hand working processes: The shaping of a part of an equipment or machine by hand operations using hand tools
or equipment, can be considered as hand-working process.
1. Fitting
2. Welding
3. Sheet metal works
4. Carpentry
5. Smithy
6. Foundry

Machining processes: Using metal-cutting machine tools, the machining operations are executed to shape
parts. The loading of the workpiece, control of the machining operations, the unloading and inspection are done
manually
1. Turning
2. Drilling
3. Shaping
4. Slotting
5. Milling
6. Grinding

Safety Measures
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The following are the types of safety measures to be considered in a workshop
1. Safety of the worker
2. Safety of the job
3. Safety of machines, tools and equipment

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safety measures
Wear tight shirt or dress
shop apron
Wear shoes with thick soles
Do not wear rings, watches, bracelets, or other jewellery
Keep the workshop floor free of oil, grease or any other liquid
Do not try to clean or repair a machine, if it is in motion
Take precaution while using hand tools such as hammer, chisels, file and saw

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Preparing for the Workshop Practice
The student has to posses the following materials
(a) Work record of A4 size.
(b) Fair record approved by the workshop authorities.
(c) Pen, clutch pencil, eraser and a straight edge
Students are advised to wear tight dress, preferably pants and shirts
Girl, students have to tie their hair
Wearing of shoes instead of slippers is also recommended

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Writing of Work Record for a Practice
1. Heading, serial number with date, and aim are similar to that given in the study.
2. Work material: Details about the work material and other requirements are written under this subheading. This
should include the size, number of pieces or quantity, material specification, etc.
3. Tools required: A list of tools and equipment required for the practice is given under this subheading.

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4. List of operations: The operations to be carried out for making the model have to be given as a list, below the
subheading.
5. Procedure: After completing the work on the model, the procedure followed for making the model has to be
written in the second right page, using past tense and in third person. This should contain all details about
operations, controls, safety measures, etc., related to the making of model.
6. Result: It is a custom to write the result of the practice as the last paragraph of the record. This includes the
statement that whether the content of the aim is achieved or not by the practice.

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Carpentry
Carpentry is the process of shaping timber, using hand tools. The products Carpentry work mainly involves the
joining together of wooden pieces and finishing the surfaces after shaping them.
Materials
Timber
Plywood
Auxiliary materials
Nails, screws, adhesives, paints, varnishes, etc

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Timber
Wood obtained from exogenous (outward growing) trees. the growth is outward from the centre, by adding almost concentric
layers of fresh wood every year known as annual rings
Timber is available in market in various shapes and size
Classification of Wood
Soft wood
A soft wood is light in weight and light coloured. Not suitable for wood working
Hard woods are nearly equally strong both along and across the fibres. Hard wood is the material used for wood working
Indian Timber
Teak, Sissu, Sal, Mahogany, Deodar, Babul, Mango

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Plywood
Plywood is a thick sheet formed by pasting veneers of wood called plys together using glues
It can be made in very large sheet size without joints. Plywood sheets can be bent to shapes of different designs.
Due to the above advantages plywood sheets are very widely used for making furniture, boxes, doors,
cupboards, etc.
Auxiliary Materials
Screws
Bolts and nuts
Nails
Dowels
Adhesives
Surface coatings

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Tools for Wood Working
Measuring and Marking Tools
Steel rule
Try square
Scriber
Gauges
Marking gauge: To mark single line
Mortise gauge: To mark two parallel lines

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1. Wing compass: It is used to mark circles, arcs etc.
2. Trammel: This is a beam compass to mark large size radius.
3. Divider: It is used to divide and mark dimensions.
4. Spirit level: It is used to check the horizontality of flat surfaces.
5. Plumb bob: It is used to check the verticality of a surface.
Miscellaneous measuring tools
Cutting Tools
Saws
Saw is a cutting tool which has teeth on one edge and cutting is effected by reciprocating motion of the edge relative to the
workpiece.
Cross cut saw: It is used to cut thick wooden pieces across the grains.

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Tenon saw (Back saw): This saw is used for short straight cuts
Rip saw: It is a saw similar to hand saw used to cut wood along the grains
Panel saw: This is similar to cross cut saw having finer blade and teeth, used for cutting panels of doors or similar pieces
Compass saw: This is a saw having tapered blade which is narrow, long and flexible. It is used to cut along straight or
curved lines.
Dove-tail saw: This is a saw of fine type like tenon saw, used to take fine and accurate cuts. The back side stiffener is
provided in the saw.
Key hole saw (pad saw): This is the smallest type of saw used to cut key holes or the starting of any interior cut.

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8. Bow saw: This saw has a narrow blade on a wooden frame of the shape of a bow. It is used to cut along sharp curves.
9. Coping saw: This saw has a narrow blade held in tension by a spring metal frame. It is used to cut small radius curves in
thin wooden pieces.
Chisels
1. Firmer chisel: They are the most common and general purpose chisel used by a carpenter
2. Bevelled edge firmer (dove-tail) chisel: These chisels are used for fine and delicate works as well as for cutting
corners
3. Mortise chisel: These chisels are used for heavy and deep cuts to remove a large quantity of wood. These chisels have
width of about 15 mm, but the blade thickness may range from 6 to 15 mm [Figure 6.6(c)].
4. Gouges: These are chisels with curved sections. They are used to cut curved shapes of internal or external type.

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Striking Tools
Mallet: This is a wooden-headed hammer of round or rectangular cross section
Claw hammer: This is a hammer having steel head and wooden handle.

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Planing Tools
To smoothen the flat wooden surfaces, planing tools are used
1. Wooden jack plane: This is the most commonly used plane in carpenters
shops
2. Iron jack plane: In an iron jack plane the wooden sole is replaced by a cast iron channel-shaped bod
3. Smoothing plane: A smoothing plane is practically a wooden plane of smaller size, used for smoothening and
finishing operations

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Work Holding Devices
Work bench
Carpenter's bench vice:
Miscellaneous Tools
Rasps and files: Rasp is a rough file used to remove wood from the surface, corners
Sand paper: This is a thick paper coated with sharp-edged sand or glass particles of fine type on one side of it
Pincer: This is a tool similar to pliers and is used while screw is extracted from or driven into the wood.
Screw drivers: They are used to drive wood screw into or from the workpiece.
Hand drill: To make small size holes of less depth, hand drills are commonly used
Auger: For making large size deep holes of diameter from 8 mm to 25 mm, augers of suitable size and length are used in
carpentry shops

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Wood Working Processes
1. Marking
2. Sawing
3. Planing
4. Chiselling
5. Mortising
6. Tenoning
7. Grooving and tongueing
8. Rebating
9. Recessing
10. Boring
11. Moulding

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MST(28-03-2023).pdf

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