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Monitoring and evaluation of environmental
   impacts of port interventions during
  2000-2001, on the Mondego estuary
 sedimentary system and adjacente coast




 João Pedro
C. A. Mendes
Index
Chapter I - Introduction


Chapter II - Beach Profiles


Chapter III -Topohydrographic Surveys

Chapter IV - Sedimentary Solid Transport

Chapter V - Synthesis e Conclusions
Objectives

 Improve and quantify of natural controles;

 Monitoring Beach evolution;

 Quantify rates of sedimentary evolution;

 Apply GIS calculus to the study of sedimentary dynamics;

 Contribute for sustainable management of this coastal area.
Methodology
 Field work
   Takingbeach profiles.
   Monitoring river and coastal dredging.


 Office work
    Topohydrographic Surveys analysis.
   Managing Data into a GIS system (3D imaging,
    numeric modelling, graphic exploration, 4D
    imaging and interpretation).
Geographical Location




                                  Adaptado de Cunha, 1998
                 (a) Distal
                 (b) Intermédio
                 (c) Próximal
Controls of sedimentary dynamics
    The Sea as a controling agent
       Wave characteristics 2001
        Direction         Height         Period
        (ºN)     %       (m) %          (s)    %
       ≤ 220     1,1    calma 1,1       ≤8     2,2
     ]220, 240] 1,6    ]0 a 1] 30     ]8, 10] 6
     ]240, 260] 1,1    ]1 a 2] 50    ]10, 12] 35
     ]260, 280] 33     ]2 a 3] 13    ]12, 14] 47
     ]280, 300] 20     ]3 a 4] 4,1   ]14, 16] 8,2
     ]300, 320] 43     ]4 a 5] 2,5   ]16, 18] 1,4
                       ]5 a 6] 0,3

   Influence on coastal sedimentary evolution
 Influence on Longshore sedimentary transport
Monitoring sea level



    4,5
                          Altura (Z.H.)
                          Altura de agitação marítima                          Maré viva
    4,0                   Nível Médio


    3,5
                          Maré
                          morta
    3,0


    2,5


    2,0


    1,5


    1,0
                                                                                      0,72
                                                               0,68
    0,5


     0,0
    12-01-2001   17-01-2001     22-01-2001        27-01-2001    01-02-2001   06-02-2001      11-02-2001
Dredging areas
                                 In the Port´s Fishing Dock;
                                 - In the navigational channel and Port
                                 entrance.


                                         Limite dejurisdição
                                           Limite de jurisdição
                                                                                 Sector Comercial
                                                                  Marina        Terminal de Terminal
                                                                                Carga Geral de Granéis



                                                                    Porto
Adaptado de I.P.C., 04/08/2000




                                                                     de
                                                                    Pesca



                                         Limite de jurisdição

                                                                       Ponte
                                                                      da Gala
3
 ilhar e s) (m


                 2.000
                                                               Dredging monitored
                                    Dragagens portuárias
                 1.800              Extracção de areia na embocadura, anteporto e barra
                                    Extracção de areia na praia
                 1.600
M




                 1.400

                 1.200

                 1.000

                  800

                  600

                  400

                  200
                             1973



                                               1975



                                                               1977



                                                                               1979



                                                                                               1981



                                                                                                           1983




                                                                                                                                                  1989




                                                                                                                                                                                                  1995



                                                                                                                                                                                                             1997



                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1999
                                                                                                                     1985



                                                                                                                                  1987




                                                                                                                                                                  1991



                                                                                                                                                                                  1993




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           2001
                       0
Milhares (m




                 200
                                                                                                                                                         187
        )




                                                                                                                                                                                                                     195
3




                 180
                                                                                                                                                                                  150
                 160
                 140
                           128                                                                                      115
                 120
                 100
                  80                                                                                                                                                                              70
                                     60
                  60
                                                                                                           38                                                            45
                  40                                                                                                                                                                                                              32
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       23
                                                                                                                             10          10
                  20
                                                                                                  5
                                      Ago-00




                                                                                                                                                                                                   Ago-01
                                                                                      Nov-00


                                                                                                  Dez-00




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Nov-01
                                                                                                                    Fev-01


                                                                                                                             Mar-01


                                                                                                                                         Abr-01
                                                                      Out-00




                                                                                                           Jan-01




                                                                                                                                                                         Jun-01




                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Out-01
                                                      Set-00




                                                                                                                                                         Mai-01




                                                                                                                                                                                                            Set-01
                                                                                                                                                                                         Jul-01
                           Jul-00




                   0
Adaptado de Cunha & Dinis, 1998

                                  1

                                      2

                                          3           II- Beach Profiles

                                              4
                                              5
                                                      Sedimentary behaviour
                                                        of exposed beach


                                                      Beach profile analysis




                                                  6
Ortofoto C.M.F.F., 1998
II – Beach Profiles

                                         Perfis elaborados no evolution de Nívea,
                                         Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea,
                                                    Profile 5 local Bola
                                                de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001
                                                de 29/09/2000 a07/10/2001
                                                29/09/2000 to 07/10/2001                                                               29.9.00
                                                                                                                                       29.9.00
            8
            8                                                                                                                          3.10.00
                                                                                                                                       3.10.00
                                                                                                                                       4.11.00
                                                                                                                                       4.11.00
            7                                                                                                                          29.08.01
                                                                                                                                       17.07.01
                                                                                                                                       17.06.01
                                                                                                                                       13.05.01
                                                                                                                                       15.04.01
                                                                                                                                       17.03.01
                                                                                                                                       10.02.01
                                                                                                                                       15.01.01
                                                                                                                                       5.12.00
                                                                                                                                        4.11.00
                                                                                                                                        3.10.00
                                                                                                                                        29.9.00
                                                                                                                                       5.12.00
            7
                                                                                                                                       5.12.00
                                                                                                                                       15.01.01
                                                                                                                                       15.01.01
                                                                                                                                       10.02.01
            6
                                                                                                                                       10.02.01
            6

            5
                                                                                                                                       07.10.01
                                                                                                                                       29.08.01
                                                                                                                                       17.07.01
                                                                                                                                       17.06.01
                                                                                                                                       13.05.01
                                                                                                                                       15.04.01
                                                                                                                                       10.02.01
                                                                                                                                       15.01.01
                                                                                                                                       17.03.01
                                                                                                                                        5.12.00
                                                                                                                                        4.11.00
                                                                                                                                        3.10.00
                                                                                                                                       29.9.00
                                                                                                                                       17.03.01
                                                                                                                                       15.04.01
Cotas (m)




            5
                                                                                                                                       15.04.01
Cotas (m)




            4
                                                                                                                                       13.05.01
                                                                                                                                       13.05.01
            4
                                                                                                                                       17.06.01
                                                                                                                                       07.10.01
                                                                                                                                       29.08.01
                                                                                                                                       17.07.01
                                                                                                                                       17.06.01
                                                                                                                                       13.05.01
                                                                                                                                       15.04.01
                                                                                                                                       17.03.01
                                                                                                                                       10.02.01
                                                                                                                                       15.01.01
                                                                                                                                        5.12.00
                                                                                                                                        4.11.00
                                                                                                                                        3.10.00
            3
                                                                                                                                       17.07.01
                                                                                                                                       17.07.01
            3
                                                                                                                                       29.08.01
                                                                                                                                       29.08.01
            2                                                                                                                          07.10.01
                                                                                                                                       07.10.01
            2

            1
            1


            0
            0
                0
                0   10
                    10   20
                         20   30
                              30   40
                                   40    50
                                         50   60
                                              60   70
                                                   70   80
                                                        80     90
                                                               90       00
                                                                     11 00
                                                                        00   11 11 0
                                                                              110  0   11 20
                                                                                        1 20
                                                                                          20   11 30
                                                                                                1 30
                                                                                                  30   11 40
                                                                                                        1 40
                                                                                                          40   11 50
                                                                                                                1 50
                                                                                                                  50   11 60
                                                                                                                        1 60
                                                                                                                          60   11 70
                                                                                                                                1 70
                                                                                                                                  70    11 80
                                                                                                                                         1 80
                                                                                                                                           80   11 90
                                                                                                                                                 1 90
                                                                                                                                                   90
                                                             Distância (m)
                                                             Distância (m)
Evolution of the sedimentary prism per station
                                                                                        29-09-2000
                                                                                        30-09-2000
                                                                                        03-10-2000
                                                                                        05-10-2000
        850                                                                             04-11-2000
                                                                                        05-12-2000
                                                                                        15-01-2001
                                                                                        10-02-2001
                                                                                        17-03-2001
                                                                                        15-04-2001
        650
                                        farolim             Rotunda                     13-05-2001
               chaminé                                                                  14-06-2001
                                                                                        17-06-2001
                                                                                        17-07-2001
                                                                                        29-08-2001
        450
                                                                                        31-08-2001
                                                                                        07-10-2001
                            cemitério
        250
Área (m 2)




             50
             356400                                354900                    Latitude        353400

                                                                           Bola Nívea
                         The variability is explained by:
                             -Sea charachteristics;
                             -Morphology of the longshore bar and beach;
                             - Exposure of the coast line.
Topohydrographic Surveys Analysis
                                21/11/2001




                         29/08/2001
4D Bathymetric Map
              of
      Sedimetary evolution
     Am = 1,5 m; Rm = N281º; Tm = 12 s;

            Dredged = 283 656 m3

            Balance = -37 738 m3
                (449,26 m3/day)

    Am = Average Height of wave;
    ; Rm = Average Directional wave;
A
B
    Tm = Period of the wave
    A – Active area of sedimentary transport
    B – Deeper Longshore bar
Analysis of deepwater estuary
           sediment and nearby coast
For this analysis we took into account:
   • sedimentary removal
   • Time scale of the analysed area
   • Sea characteristics (Wave height, Direction, Periods)
   • Fluvial discharge (ex.: flood effect)




                                                             21/02/2001
 Sedimentary infilling of Port entrance (21/02/2001)
                 Sedimentary flows related to currents;
                       Human intervention area;
                  Am = 2,4 m; Rm = N286º; Tm = 13 s;
 Dredged = 46 909 m3 (1 066,11 m3/dia); Bal. = 148 058 m3 (0,008 m3/day);
A
                                 Fishing Dock
    30/03/2001 – 02/07/2001
    Biggest loss = 143 949 m3     4D calculus
    Lowered Bathymetry= -1,78 m (-0,019m/day)

                         B




                              02/07/2001 –
                              23/072001
                              Gain= 18 558 m3
C                             Loss = 51 486 m3
                              Balance = -32 928 m3
                                   30/03/2001 – 02/07/2001
                                      Area = 134 778 m2
                                   Total Loss = 239 319 m3
    30/03/2001 – 02/07/2001   Expected to be dredged = 250 000 m3
    Bal. = -33 643 m3
    Average bathymetric lowering of -0,011m/day
    Average growth [0,001; 0,011] m/day
GIS Analysis
Allows you to:
   Quantify sedimentary volumes in transit;
   calculate accretion and erosion rates;
   interpretate the resulting of natural phenomena and
   human intervention;
   identify currents/sedimentary flows (and/or
   hidrodynamic);
   Predict sedimentary variations depending on the
   same natural conditions.
Harbour entrance




    Date (t1)        14-07-2000 27-07-2000 03-08-2000 28-08-2000 21-02-2001 06-04-2001 21-05-2001 29-08-2001
    Date (t2)        27-07-2000 03-08-2000 28-08-2000 21-02-2001 06-04-2001 21-05-2001 29-08-2001 21-11-2001
    Δt (days)            13          7         25         177        44         45         100        84
Average Height (m)      1,23       1,43       1,3        2,49        2,4       1,73       1,32       1,52
Average Direction
                        280       292,14     297,8       297,2     286,24     304,56      306,1     281,01
  (Deg. North)
Wave interval (s)      10,42      10,36      10,42       12,94      12,69      12,17      12,17      12,09
            3
Balance   (m /day)     -5035      -8780      -1635       -71        2571      -2754      -1225       -514

                       Loss       Loss       Loss        Loss       Gain       Loss       Loss       Loss
            3
Dredging (m /dia)      6903       6490       1775         693       974        4255       2467       2820
            3
Predicted (m /dia)      1867      -2290       140        622        3545       1501       1242       2306
                        Gain      Loss        Gain       Gain       Gain       Gain       Gain       Gain
AVERAGE DAILY DREDGING
                                         VS.
                          CALCULATED AVERAGE BALANCE WITH GIS
                                  (HARBOUR ENTRANCE)


                    8
Milhares (m3/dia)




                    6

                    4

                    2

                    0

                    -2

                    -4
                                                                                     Balanço sedimentar
                    -6                                                               Extracções

                    -8                                                               Polinómio (Extracções)
                                                                                     Polinómio (Balanço sedimentar)
          -10
                         14/07/00   27/07/00   03/08/00   28/08/00   21/02/01   06/04/01    21/05/01      29/08/01
                         27/07/00   03/08/00   28/08/00   21/02/01   06/04/01   21/05/01    29/08/01      21/11/01
Joao Mendes
M.Sc Geoscientist

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MSc Thesis

  • 1. Monitoring and evaluation of environmental impacts of port interventions during 2000-2001, on the Mondego estuary sedimentary system and adjacente coast João Pedro C. A. Mendes
  • 2. Index Chapter I - Introduction Chapter II - Beach Profiles Chapter III -Topohydrographic Surveys Chapter IV - Sedimentary Solid Transport Chapter V - Synthesis e Conclusions
  • 3. Objectives  Improve and quantify of natural controles;  Monitoring Beach evolution;  Quantify rates of sedimentary evolution;  Apply GIS calculus to the study of sedimentary dynamics;  Contribute for sustainable management of this coastal area.
  • 4. Methodology  Field work  Takingbeach profiles.  Monitoring river and coastal dredging.  Office work  Topohydrographic Surveys analysis.  Managing Data into a GIS system (3D imaging, numeric modelling, graphic exploration, 4D imaging and interpretation).
  • 5. Geographical Location Adaptado de Cunha, 1998 (a) Distal (b) Intermédio (c) Próximal
  • 6. Controls of sedimentary dynamics The Sea as a controling agent Wave characteristics 2001 Direction Height Period (ºN) % (m) % (s) % ≤ 220 1,1 calma 1,1 ≤8 2,2 ]220, 240] 1,6 ]0 a 1] 30 ]8, 10] 6 ]240, 260] 1,1 ]1 a 2] 50 ]10, 12] 35 ]260, 280] 33 ]2 a 3] 13 ]12, 14] 47 ]280, 300] 20 ]3 a 4] 4,1 ]14, 16] 8,2 ]300, 320] 43 ]4 a 5] 2,5 ]16, 18] 1,4 ]5 a 6] 0,3  Influence on coastal sedimentary evolution Influence on Longshore sedimentary transport
  • 7. Monitoring sea level 4,5 Altura (Z.H.) Altura de agitação marítima Maré viva 4,0 Nível Médio 3,5 Maré morta 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,72 0,68 0,5 0,0 12-01-2001 17-01-2001 22-01-2001 27-01-2001 01-02-2001 06-02-2001 11-02-2001
  • 8. Dredging areas In the Port´s Fishing Dock; - In the navigational channel and Port entrance. Limite dejurisdição Limite de jurisdição Sector Comercial Marina Terminal de Terminal Carga Geral de Granéis Porto Adaptado de I.P.C., 04/08/2000 de Pesca Limite de jurisdição Ponte da Gala
  • 9. 3 ilhar e s) (m 2.000 Dredging monitored Dragagens portuárias 1.800 Extracção de areia na embocadura, anteporto e barra Extracção de areia na praia 1.600 M 1.400 1.200 1.000 800 600 400 200 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1989 1995 1997 1999 1985 1987 1991 1993 2001 0 Milhares (m 200 187 ) 195 3 180 150 160 140 128 115 120 100 80 70 60 60 38 45 40 32 23 10 10 20 5 Ago-00 Ago-01 Nov-00 Dez-00 Nov-01 Fev-01 Mar-01 Abr-01 Out-00 Jan-01 Jun-01 Out-01 Set-00 Mai-01 Set-01 Jul-01 Jul-00 0
  • 10. Adaptado de Cunha & Dinis, 1998 1 2 3 II- Beach Profiles 4 5 Sedimentary behaviour of exposed beach Beach profile analysis 6
  • 12. II – Beach Profiles Perfis elaborados no evolution de Nívea, Perfis elaborados no local Bola de Nívea, Profile 5 local Bola de 29/09/2000 a 07/10/2001 de 29/09/2000 a07/10/2001 29/09/2000 to 07/10/2001 29.9.00 29.9.00 8 8 3.10.00 3.10.00 4.11.00 4.11.00 7 29.08.01 17.07.01 17.06.01 13.05.01 15.04.01 17.03.01 10.02.01 15.01.01 5.12.00 4.11.00 3.10.00 29.9.00 5.12.00 7 5.12.00 15.01.01 15.01.01 10.02.01 6 10.02.01 6 5 07.10.01 29.08.01 17.07.01 17.06.01 13.05.01 15.04.01 10.02.01 15.01.01 17.03.01 5.12.00 4.11.00 3.10.00 29.9.00 17.03.01 15.04.01 Cotas (m) 5 15.04.01 Cotas (m) 4 13.05.01 13.05.01 4 17.06.01 07.10.01 29.08.01 17.07.01 17.06.01 13.05.01 15.04.01 17.03.01 10.02.01 15.01.01 5.12.00 4.11.00 3.10.00 3 17.07.01 17.07.01 3 29.08.01 29.08.01 2 07.10.01 07.10.01 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 00 11 00 00 11 11 0 110 0 11 20 1 20 20 11 30 1 30 30 11 40 1 40 40 11 50 1 50 50 11 60 1 60 60 11 70 1 70 70 11 80 1 80 80 11 90 1 90 90 Distância (m) Distância (m)
  • 13. Evolution of the sedimentary prism per station 29-09-2000 30-09-2000 03-10-2000 05-10-2000 850 04-11-2000 05-12-2000 15-01-2001 10-02-2001 17-03-2001 15-04-2001 650 farolim Rotunda 13-05-2001 chaminé 14-06-2001 17-06-2001 17-07-2001 29-08-2001 450 31-08-2001 07-10-2001 cemitério 250 Área (m 2) 50 356400 354900 Latitude 353400 Bola Nívea The variability is explained by: -Sea charachteristics; -Morphology of the longshore bar and beach; - Exposure of the coast line.
  • 14. Topohydrographic Surveys Analysis 21/11/2001 29/08/2001
  • 15. 4D Bathymetric Map of Sedimetary evolution Am = 1,5 m; Rm = N281º; Tm = 12 s; Dredged = 283 656 m3 Balance = -37 738 m3 (449,26 m3/day) Am = Average Height of wave; ; Rm = Average Directional wave; A B Tm = Period of the wave A – Active area of sedimentary transport B – Deeper Longshore bar
  • 16. Analysis of deepwater estuary sediment and nearby coast For this analysis we took into account: • sedimentary removal • Time scale of the analysed area • Sea characteristics (Wave height, Direction, Periods) • Fluvial discharge (ex.: flood effect) 21/02/2001
  • 17.  Sedimentary infilling of Port entrance (21/02/2001) Sedimentary flows related to currents;  Human intervention area;  Am = 2,4 m; Rm = N286º; Tm = 13 s;  Dredged = 46 909 m3 (1 066,11 m3/dia); Bal. = 148 058 m3 (0,008 m3/day);
  • 18. A Fishing Dock 30/03/2001 – 02/07/2001 Biggest loss = 143 949 m3 4D calculus Lowered Bathymetry= -1,78 m (-0,019m/day) B 02/07/2001 – 23/072001 Gain= 18 558 m3 C Loss = 51 486 m3 Balance = -32 928 m3 30/03/2001 – 02/07/2001 Area = 134 778 m2 Total Loss = 239 319 m3 30/03/2001 – 02/07/2001 Expected to be dredged = 250 000 m3 Bal. = -33 643 m3 Average bathymetric lowering of -0,011m/day Average growth [0,001; 0,011] m/day
  • 19. GIS Analysis Allows you to:  Quantify sedimentary volumes in transit;  calculate accretion and erosion rates;  interpretate the resulting of natural phenomena and human intervention;  identify currents/sedimentary flows (and/or hidrodynamic);  Predict sedimentary variations depending on the same natural conditions.
  • 20. Harbour entrance Date (t1) 14-07-2000 27-07-2000 03-08-2000 28-08-2000 21-02-2001 06-04-2001 21-05-2001 29-08-2001 Date (t2) 27-07-2000 03-08-2000 28-08-2000 21-02-2001 06-04-2001 21-05-2001 29-08-2001 21-11-2001 Δt (days) 13 7 25 177 44 45 100 84 Average Height (m) 1,23 1,43 1,3 2,49 2,4 1,73 1,32 1,52 Average Direction 280 292,14 297,8 297,2 286,24 304,56 306,1 281,01 (Deg. North) Wave interval (s) 10,42 10,36 10,42 12,94 12,69 12,17 12,17 12,09 3 Balance (m /day) -5035 -8780 -1635 -71 2571 -2754 -1225 -514 Loss Loss Loss Loss Gain Loss Loss Loss 3 Dredging (m /dia) 6903 6490 1775 693 974 4255 2467 2820 3 Predicted (m /dia) 1867 -2290 140 622 3545 1501 1242 2306 Gain Loss Gain Gain Gain Gain Gain Gain
  • 21. AVERAGE DAILY DREDGING VS. CALCULATED AVERAGE BALANCE WITH GIS (HARBOUR ENTRANCE) 8 Milhares (m3/dia) 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 Balanço sedimentar -6 Extracções -8 Polinómio (Extracções) Polinómio (Balanço sedimentar) -10 14/07/00 27/07/00 03/08/00 28/08/00 21/02/01 06/04/01 21/05/01 29/08/01 27/07/00 03/08/00 28/08/00 21/02/01 06/04/01 21/05/01 29/08/01 21/11/01

Editor's Notes

  1. Boa Tarde Aproveito desde já para cumprimentar o júri e o público presentenestas provas. O trabalho intitula-se Monitorização e avaliação de impactos ambientais de intervenções portuárias durante 2000-2001, no sistema sedimentar do Estuário do Mondego e litoral Adjacente.
  2. O índice do trabalho consiste no Capítulo I: na Definição de objectivos; das Metodologias aplicadas assim como do Enquadramento geográfico e geológico do estuário; Referem-se os Controlos da dinâmica sedimentar: a agitação marítima, a descarga do Mondego, O regime Mareal e as extracções de sedimentos. No Cap. II é efectuada a análise dos Perfis topográficos transversais à praia No Cap. III são analisados os levantamentos topo-hidrográficos No Cap IV é analisado transporte sólido litoral e finalmente no Capítulo V são referidas as conclusões
  3. Foram objectivos deste trabalho...
  4. As metodologias de campo e de gabinete
  5. Temos aqui um enquadramento do Estuário do Mondego, constituído por dois sistemas sedimentares distintos: o Sub sistema estuarino Mondego e o Sub-sistema estuarino Pranto onde se podem delimitar os diferentes sectores Distal Intermédio e Proximal.
  6. Com base nos registos da agitação marítima observada diariamente a partir do Farol do Cabo Mondego , fez-se o tratamento estatístico desses dados que sintetizam neste quadro o exemplo em 2001. Assinalam-se os rumos alturas e períodos mais frequentes respectivamente para 300-320ºN, 1 a 2 metros e 12 a 14 segundos. Para cada período de monitorização tentou-se perceber a influência da agitação marítima: na evolução sedimentar da praia, na evolução dos fundos sedimentares submersos e na estimativa do transporte sólido longilitoral.
  7. Fez-se o tratamento estatístico e interpretação da onda de maré com base no registo de três marégrafos durante o período de 1 mês.
  8. Fez-se uma análise das extracções sedimentares descriminadas por diferentes sectores portuários. Representam-se as áreas de intervenção portuária
  9. As extracções foram analisadas tendo em conta a evolução dos montantes anuais (Gráfico I-12) aqui descriminados por operações de dragagem por draga de sucção, ou por extracção de areia na praia. Destaca-se uma grande mudança relativamente aos anos anteriores, nomeadamente pela grande capacidade que a draga de sucção tem para extracção de areia (Gráfico I 13).
  10. Apresentam-se as várias estações onde se efectuaram perfis topográficos transversais à praia.
  11. A estação 5 aqui localizada permitiu a análise da evolução dos perfis topográficos.
  12. Foi efectuada a análise dos levantamentos topo-hidrográficos que incidem sobre os fundos submersos da área portuária e litoral adjacente. Foram criados modelos 3D dos fundos sedimentares, que permitiram a identificação de morfologia sedimentares. Analisaram-se as variações destas morfologias através da construção de cartas de variação batimétrica;
  13. de que esta carta é exemplo. Obtiveram-se para os diferentes períodos, as variações batimétricas por classes nas diferentes áreas. Nesta carta e para este período é possível identificar uma zona mais activa de crescimento e transporte sedimentar longilitoral, assim como efeitos das extracções de sedimentos efectuadas na zona do anteporto. Permite identificar os acarreios e os locais de maior extracção.
  14. ,particularmente os efeitos das cheias que se identificaram a 21/02/2001 no anteporto e respectiva entrada. Note-se a assimetria do canal e presença da barra de desembocadura. A descarga da cheia foi responsável pelo afastamento da barra longilitoral e amplificação do fundão junto do molhe Norte.
  15. A reocupação do fundão por acarreios sedimentares pode ser observada nesta carta de variação batimétrica onde são identificados fluxos sedimentares relacionados com as correntes (de enchente e de vazante) e a Evolução sedimentar de áreas sob intervenção antrópica sob dadas condições de agitação marítima médias.
  16. O EXEMPLO COMO O SIG PERMITE O CÀLCULO DE GANHOS E PERDAS para diferentes intervalos; As cartas de variação batimétrica sucessivas, para o Porto de Pesca, revelam diferentes áreas da remoção sedimentar para o estabelecimento de cotas. Identificam-se zonas de maior ganho e de perda sedimentares, tendo-se efectuado balanços sedimentares nestes períodos. Foi possível estabelecer comparações das variações verificadas com as extracções previstas.
  17. Ler
  18. Relativamente à zona mais dinâmica e crucial na acessibilidade ao Porto (Anteporto e respectiva entrada) e com base nas cartas topo-hidrográficas calcularam-se os balanços sedimentares para os intervalos sucessivos. Uma vez que estes balanços se encontravam afectados pelas extracções locais, e tendo em conta o valor das extracções conhecidos identificou-se o comportamento do sistema natural.
  19. Existe uma relação entre as variações de volume extraído (monitorização das extracções) e o balanço sedimentar (cartas de variação batimétrica/monitorização de cartas topo-hidrográficas). Foi possível concluir que a variabilidade nos montantes extraídos influenciaram muito mais do que as variações de agitação marítima.