Sustainability in its shortest definition is the capacity to endure. To endure one does not only need material goods, but also a mental and spiritual resilience and set of skills on how to cope. When the quality and quantity of our material goods and biophysical environment starts to change, when our fellow South Africans are sick and dying prematurely and when our economy does not deliver the needed health and wealth to all of us, our hope for a better future is severely tested. It is the integrity of our hope that could and should be playing a fundamental role in a possible transition towards sustainability.
In this talk ladies and gentleman, the question of South Africa’s sustainability is under scrutiny. I will first show you that from an ecological, from a human well-being, and even from an economic perspective there are several warning lights on the biophysical and material sustainability of this country. I will also show the remarkable optimism we have as South Africans and highlight the importance of hope. Third, and finally I will argue that we as humans have an ethical responsibility in the individual and collective choices we make. It is our attitudes and behaviours that sustain or destroy.
The document contains a series of entries with blanks for a name and date. The entries are numbered from 12 to 39 and include letters from A to Z, with some letters repeated.
IMPACT OF LNG AS ENERGY FUEL MIX FOR END USER:A MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVEIPPAI
This document discusses the impact of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an energy fuel for end users in Malaysia. It provides background on Malaysia transitioning from oil-dominated to gas-dominated fuel mix for electricity generation. It notes current issues with gas supply shortages negatively impacting the power sector. The future fuel mix may depend on fuel prices and diversification needs, though LNG can complement declining domestic gas and provide stability. While LNG improves energy security, it may increase costs for consumers. The economy needs readiness to pay for improved security that LNG brings.
The document compares GDP per capita between 1970-2008 of Denmark and New Zealand, showing that Denmark had higher GDP initially but New Zealand caught up over time. It also shows that in 1989, exports as a percentage of GDP were higher in Denmark than New Zealand, but by 2008 New Zealand had higher exports. The document discusses building New Zealand's "city of ideas" by connecting inventors to investors and businesses to commercialize ideas, and providing support through networks, translators, visibility, and research grants.
The document contains a series of entries with blanks for a name and date. The entries are numbered from 12 to 39 and include letters from A to Z, with some letters repeated.
IMPACT OF LNG AS ENERGY FUEL MIX FOR END USER:A MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVEIPPAI
This document discusses the impact of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an energy fuel for end users in Malaysia. It provides background on Malaysia transitioning from oil-dominated to gas-dominated fuel mix for electricity generation. It notes current issues with gas supply shortages negatively impacting the power sector. The future fuel mix may depend on fuel prices and diversification needs, though LNG can complement declining domestic gas and provide stability. While LNG improves energy security, it may increase costs for consumers. The economy needs readiness to pay for improved security that LNG brings.
The document compares GDP per capita between 1970-2008 of Denmark and New Zealand, showing that Denmark had higher GDP initially but New Zealand caught up over time. It also shows that in 1989, exports as a percentage of GDP were higher in Denmark than New Zealand, but by 2008 New Zealand had higher exports. The document discusses building New Zealand's "city of ideas" by connecting inventors to investors and businesses to commercialize ideas, and providing support through networks, translators, visibility, and research grants.
Shuai HE, Saini YANG, Jiayuan YE
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Feed gaps and the effect of cereal grazing in a dryland farming system of the...Joanna Hicks
This document discusses using the AusFarm whole farm system model to simulate a typical dryland farming system in South Australia's Mallee region. The objectives are to characterize feed availability and gaps, and assess how cereal grazing could help overcome feed gaps. The model was parameterized based on expert input to represent a typical farm. Results examined the long-term feedbase and the effect of allowing cereal grazing on supplemental feed needs.
Freedom in the 50 States Pennsylvania PerspectiveMercatus Center
1. Pennsylvania's state and local tax revenues have remained around 9.6% of GSP despite fluctuations in the economy, unemployment, tax rates, and economic growth.
2. The state's current budget issues stem from spending growing faster than the economy in recent years.
3. To balance the budget, the state must either cut spending or implement policies to grow the economy and increase tax revenues.
A syntesis from World Economic Forum Europe's Competitiveness Report, presented by Carl Bjorkman, Director, Head of government and international organizations relations, World Economic Forum and garagErasmus' Board member.
2 user financing of rural handpump water services presentationIRC
This document discusses user financing of rural handpump water services. It provides statistics showing that only 63% of handpumps are functional, reducing coverage by one third. Functionality declines over time, with pumps from the 1970s having much lower rates than newer pumps. The document outlines a typical handpump maintenance model where 50 user households each pay $2.40 annually, with 10% exempt. It notes annual life-cycle costs are around $235. The spiral of unsustainable dependence is described where inadequate tariffs lead to inability to pay for repairs, resulting in long downtimes. Additional challenges are also listed.
What is Just: Education, Excellence and Equity Laurie Posner
This document discusses issues of equity and justice in education. It summarizes data showing growing income inequality in the United States and how this impacts education opportunities and outcomes. Families with higher incomes spend more on enriching their children's education and children from higher income families are more likely to complete college. It also notes that in Texas, schools with more economically disadvantaged students receive less funding per pupil and have less access to qualified teachers. Stories from parents and educators in Texas discuss how budget cuts are negatively impacting students and schools. The document argues that the quality of education a child receives should not be determined by their zip code or family income.
Proyecto de la Unión Europea – Grupo Europa contra el Cáncer. Alfredo Carrato Mena. I Jornadas Técnicas de la Estrategia en Cáncer del SNS (Madrid, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 2007)
This document summarizes research analyzing changes in pasture production and growing seasons in three dairy regions of Southeast Australia over several decades. Biophysical models were used to simulate pasture growth rates based on definitions of growing season length and wet or dry conditions. The models accurately represented measured pasture growth rates. Historical analyses of the three regions from 1960 to 2008 found changes in the start and end dates of the growing seasons over time.
China has experienced rapid economic growth averaging nearly 10% annually since economic reforms began in 1978. This growth has been driven by urbanization as hundreds of millions of people move to cities. Chinese cities must plan innovatively and sustainably to accommodate large population increases while improving livability. Shanghai exemplifies this transition as services now account for over half of its GDP compared to just 15% in 1978, demonstrating a shift from manufacturing to a more advanced, service-based economy.
Agricultural Activities In “Climate Change Risk Management in Egypt“ p...mahmoud abdallah Medany
This document discusses the vulnerability of Egypt's agricultural sector to climate change. It outlines that climate change projections show warming of 0.2 degrees Celsius per decade, rising sea levels, and more frequent heat waves and drought. This poses severe risks to Egypt's agriculture as the country relies heavily on agriculture and faces water scarcity issues. The document will cover climate impacts on Egyptian agriculture, vulnerability assessments, and priorities for agricultural adaptation plans in Egypt.
Economic tools and the choice of energy options with specific reference to Re...Martin de Wit
Economic tools can help analyze the costs and benefits of renewable energy options over time, but have limitations. Storage solutions are needed to overcome the intermittency of renewables. Transitions to new energy systems take decades as new technologies diffuse. External environmental costs are not fully captured in traditional economic analysis of energy options. Policy mixes that include regulations, incentives and disincentives can promote transitions to more sustainable energy systems.
The document provides an outline and objectives for a report on prospects and challenges of sustainable palm oil for China. The outline includes sections on China's sustainable development vision, the global and China palm oil situation, sustainable palm oil production and consumption, business case for sustainable palm oil, initiatives in China, policy recommendations, and next steps. The objectives are to provide strategic policy guidance to China on sustainable palm oil, facilitate sustainable trade policy adoption, and provide a business case for Chinese commerce.
Web 2.0: La Nueva era de las Comunicaciones en los NegociosMundo Contact
This document discusses the evolution of communications and collaboration technologies in business. It describes how Web 2.0 has led to a new generation of empowered, mobile knowledge workers who expect to be able to work from anywhere using various applications and devices. The document advocates for a unified workspace that integrates communications, collaboration and business applications to allow seamless interactions across locations and devices.
Thailand has made progress in regional development through increasing gross regional product per capita across all regions from 1981 to 2009. However, central regions still dominate economic development. Regional economic cooperation has increased through various bilateral and multilateral trade agreements. Key cooperation initiatives include the Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Corridor and partnerships with neighboring countries through frameworks like IMT-GT and ACMECS. Moving forward, Thailand aims to promote balanced regional development, accelerate decentralization, and expand regional economic ties to diversify trade and foster cross-border infrastructure linkages and production networks.
The document summarizes survey data from 1974-2010 on religion and politics in the United States. It shows that the percentage of white Protestants has declined substantially while black Protestants have remained steady. It also shows Hispanic Catholics have increased significantly while white Catholics have declined slightly. Charts depict voting patterns in 2008 and 2010, with high support for Democrats among black and Hispanic religious groups and high support for Republicans among white evangelical Protestants.
10 Reasons to Consider Adding Managed Futures To Your Portfoliokevinobrien123
1. Managed futures have achieved strong long-term performance with low correlation to traditional asset classes like stocks and bonds. They may generate returns in both bull and bear markets.
2. Adding managed futures to a portfolio can help reduce overall volatility by diversifying beyond traditional assets that often move in the same direction.
3. Successful pension plans and other large investors use managed futures to boost returns and reduce portfolio risk.
1) Managed futures have significantly outperformed stocks over the past 30 years, returning over 7,000% compared to around 2,000% for stocks.
2) Diversifying into managed futures provides returns that are evident in any economic environment, unlike traditional stocks which are more volatile.
3) The graph shows the performance of several indexes from 1980 to 2010, with managed futures strongly outperforming US and international stocks over that period.
This document discusses trends in the US economy and agriculture from 1947 to 2006. It shows that while agriculture GDP has increased from $19.9B to $129.7B over this period, its percentage of total US GDP has declined from 6.8% to 1%. It also shows graphs depicting the rise of other industries like finance and services as a percentage of GDP, and increased agricultural productivity through higher output with fewer inputs over time.
Christian economists, environmental externalities and ecological scaleMartin de Wit
Christian economists hold vastly different views on environmental issues that stem from underlying theological divisions. Three typical responses to ecological crises are analyzed: internalizing external costs, acknowledging limits to growth, and taking a pluralistic approach. There are also deep disagreements over policy issues like climate change. While some argue Christianity promotes stewardship and sustainability, others are more skeptical or indifferent.
The document examines alternatives like prioritizing justice and a Christ-centric ethic of discernment. It argues Christian economists should grow in wisdom about complex economic and ecological interactions, finding unity and appreciating particulars. Their task is the careful ordering of love according to Christ's objective reality, involving moral learning case by case. Resolving tensions requires root
Martin de Wit presented at a colloquium in Indonesia on analyzing Google search trends related to beauty from 2010 to 2013. He found that searches for "beauty" increased in topics like religion, science, and literature, but decreased in economics. Searches for "harmony" grew in the category of beauty and fitness but declined elsewhere. The presentation examined search interest in beauty and harmony across different domains to provide nuanced insights on changing interests over time.
Shuai HE, Saini YANG, Jiayuan YE
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Feed gaps and the effect of cereal grazing in a dryland farming system of the...Joanna Hicks
This document discusses using the AusFarm whole farm system model to simulate a typical dryland farming system in South Australia's Mallee region. The objectives are to characterize feed availability and gaps, and assess how cereal grazing could help overcome feed gaps. The model was parameterized based on expert input to represent a typical farm. Results examined the long-term feedbase and the effect of allowing cereal grazing on supplemental feed needs.
Freedom in the 50 States Pennsylvania PerspectiveMercatus Center
1. Pennsylvania's state and local tax revenues have remained around 9.6% of GSP despite fluctuations in the economy, unemployment, tax rates, and economic growth.
2. The state's current budget issues stem from spending growing faster than the economy in recent years.
3. To balance the budget, the state must either cut spending or implement policies to grow the economy and increase tax revenues.
A syntesis from World Economic Forum Europe's Competitiveness Report, presented by Carl Bjorkman, Director, Head of government and international organizations relations, World Economic Forum and garagErasmus' Board member.
2 user financing of rural handpump water services presentationIRC
This document discusses user financing of rural handpump water services. It provides statistics showing that only 63% of handpumps are functional, reducing coverage by one third. Functionality declines over time, with pumps from the 1970s having much lower rates than newer pumps. The document outlines a typical handpump maintenance model where 50 user households each pay $2.40 annually, with 10% exempt. It notes annual life-cycle costs are around $235. The spiral of unsustainable dependence is described where inadequate tariffs lead to inability to pay for repairs, resulting in long downtimes. Additional challenges are also listed.
What is Just: Education, Excellence and Equity Laurie Posner
This document discusses issues of equity and justice in education. It summarizes data showing growing income inequality in the United States and how this impacts education opportunities and outcomes. Families with higher incomes spend more on enriching their children's education and children from higher income families are more likely to complete college. It also notes that in Texas, schools with more economically disadvantaged students receive less funding per pupil and have less access to qualified teachers. Stories from parents and educators in Texas discuss how budget cuts are negatively impacting students and schools. The document argues that the quality of education a child receives should not be determined by their zip code or family income.
Proyecto de la Unión Europea – Grupo Europa contra el Cáncer. Alfredo Carrato Mena. I Jornadas Técnicas de la Estrategia en Cáncer del SNS (Madrid, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 2007)
This document summarizes research analyzing changes in pasture production and growing seasons in three dairy regions of Southeast Australia over several decades. Biophysical models were used to simulate pasture growth rates based on definitions of growing season length and wet or dry conditions. The models accurately represented measured pasture growth rates. Historical analyses of the three regions from 1960 to 2008 found changes in the start and end dates of the growing seasons over time.
China has experienced rapid economic growth averaging nearly 10% annually since economic reforms began in 1978. This growth has been driven by urbanization as hundreds of millions of people move to cities. Chinese cities must plan innovatively and sustainably to accommodate large population increases while improving livability. Shanghai exemplifies this transition as services now account for over half of its GDP compared to just 15% in 1978, demonstrating a shift from manufacturing to a more advanced, service-based economy.
Agricultural Activities In “Climate Change Risk Management in Egypt“ p...mahmoud abdallah Medany
This document discusses the vulnerability of Egypt's agricultural sector to climate change. It outlines that climate change projections show warming of 0.2 degrees Celsius per decade, rising sea levels, and more frequent heat waves and drought. This poses severe risks to Egypt's agriculture as the country relies heavily on agriculture and faces water scarcity issues. The document will cover climate impacts on Egyptian agriculture, vulnerability assessments, and priorities for agricultural adaptation plans in Egypt.
Economic tools and the choice of energy options with specific reference to Re...Martin de Wit
Economic tools can help analyze the costs and benefits of renewable energy options over time, but have limitations. Storage solutions are needed to overcome the intermittency of renewables. Transitions to new energy systems take decades as new technologies diffuse. External environmental costs are not fully captured in traditional economic analysis of energy options. Policy mixes that include regulations, incentives and disincentives can promote transitions to more sustainable energy systems.
The document provides an outline and objectives for a report on prospects and challenges of sustainable palm oil for China. The outline includes sections on China's sustainable development vision, the global and China palm oil situation, sustainable palm oil production and consumption, business case for sustainable palm oil, initiatives in China, policy recommendations, and next steps. The objectives are to provide strategic policy guidance to China on sustainable palm oil, facilitate sustainable trade policy adoption, and provide a business case for Chinese commerce.
Web 2.0: La Nueva era de las Comunicaciones en los NegociosMundo Contact
This document discusses the evolution of communications and collaboration technologies in business. It describes how Web 2.0 has led to a new generation of empowered, mobile knowledge workers who expect to be able to work from anywhere using various applications and devices. The document advocates for a unified workspace that integrates communications, collaboration and business applications to allow seamless interactions across locations and devices.
Thailand has made progress in regional development through increasing gross regional product per capita across all regions from 1981 to 2009. However, central regions still dominate economic development. Regional economic cooperation has increased through various bilateral and multilateral trade agreements. Key cooperation initiatives include the Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Corridor and partnerships with neighboring countries through frameworks like IMT-GT and ACMECS. Moving forward, Thailand aims to promote balanced regional development, accelerate decentralization, and expand regional economic ties to diversify trade and foster cross-border infrastructure linkages and production networks.
The document summarizes survey data from 1974-2010 on religion and politics in the United States. It shows that the percentage of white Protestants has declined substantially while black Protestants have remained steady. It also shows Hispanic Catholics have increased significantly while white Catholics have declined slightly. Charts depict voting patterns in 2008 and 2010, with high support for Democrats among black and Hispanic religious groups and high support for Republicans among white evangelical Protestants.
10 Reasons to Consider Adding Managed Futures To Your Portfoliokevinobrien123
1. Managed futures have achieved strong long-term performance with low correlation to traditional asset classes like stocks and bonds. They may generate returns in both bull and bear markets.
2. Adding managed futures to a portfolio can help reduce overall volatility by diversifying beyond traditional assets that often move in the same direction.
3. Successful pension plans and other large investors use managed futures to boost returns and reduce portfolio risk.
1) Managed futures have significantly outperformed stocks over the past 30 years, returning over 7,000% compared to around 2,000% for stocks.
2) Diversifying into managed futures provides returns that are evident in any economic environment, unlike traditional stocks which are more volatile.
3) The graph shows the performance of several indexes from 1980 to 2010, with managed futures strongly outperforming US and international stocks over that period.
This document discusses trends in the US economy and agriculture from 1947 to 2006. It shows that while agriculture GDP has increased from $19.9B to $129.7B over this period, its percentage of total US GDP has declined from 6.8% to 1%. It also shows graphs depicting the rise of other industries like finance and services as a percentage of GDP, and increased agricultural productivity through higher output with fewer inputs over time.
Christian economists, environmental externalities and ecological scaleMartin de Wit
Christian economists hold vastly different views on environmental issues that stem from underlying theological divisions. Three typical responses to ecological crises are analyzed: internalizing external costs, acknowledging limits to growth, and taking a pluralistic approach. There are also deep disagreements over policy issues like climate change. While some argue Christianity promotes stewardship and sustainability, others are more skeptical or indifferent.
The document examines alternatives like prioritizing justice and a Christ-centric ethic of discernment. It argues Christian economists should grow in wisdom about complex economic and ecological interactions, finding unity and appreciating particulars. Their task is the careful ordering of love according to Christ's objective reality, involving moral learning case by case. Resolving tensions requires root
Martin de Wit presented at a colloquium in Indonesia on analyzing Google search trends related to beauty from 2010 to 2013. He found that searches for "beauty" increased in topics like religion, science, and literature, but decreased in economics. Searches for "harmony" grew in the category of beauty and fitness but declined elsewhere. The presentation examined search interest in beauty and harmony across different domains to provide nuanced insights on changing interests over time.
Combined Congress Horticulture 2012 Keynote presentationMartin de Wit
The document discusses dimensions and drivers of food and nutritional insecurity in Southern Africa, noting that over 95 million people in the region are undernourished with the majority located in just 5 countries. It analyzes fruit consumption patterns and deficiencies, finding intake is far below recommended levels in Southern Africa. Opportunities for horticultural research and an integrated systems approach are proposed to address challenges of the food system and improve food security.
Global crises and economic implicationsMartin de Wit
The document summarizes a lecture on understanding the global crises and their implications for economics. It outlines the impacts of the crises such as malnutrition, food riots, and child poverty. It examines various views on the causes including instrumental, structural, moral, and ontological perspectives. It discusses economic theories from mainstream and heterodox schools. It argues responses have missed elements like complexity, learning, and transitions. The conclusions call for a more inclusive economic-ecological theory that accounts for physical limits and innovation within complex, dynamic relationships between nature and humans.
The document discusses the economics of landfills based on data from Cape Town, South Africa. It finds that remaining landfill space in Cape Town is 12-14 years based on 2010 estimates. Municipal waste disposed at landfills in Cape Town has increased from 0.5 kg/person/day in the 1990s to over 1 kg/person/day currently. The costs of landfill disposal in Cape Town are estimated to increase from R216/ton in 2011 to R248/ton in 2019 when all closure costs are included. External costs from environmental impacts could increase landfill costs by 20-45% above baseline estimates.
Integrated approaches to innovative climate change adaptation and resource us...Martin de Wit
Some of the greatest environmental challenges in the world today are climate change and resource depletion, both of which could have dire consequences for Africa if not handled innovatively. Africa is considered to be very vulnerable to climate change and the unsustainable depletion of resources. Innovative ways of response are, therefore, urgently needed in order to effectively cope with these challenges.
It cannot be assumed, as so often is done on a project level, that such responses or interventions are merely financial, technical or institutional. Social, institutional, political and cultural support systems in Africa are malfunctioning or under severe stress already, hence a systematic transdisciplinary approach that acknowledges complexity and takes account of the whole system transitioning is needed for effective climate change adaptation and efficient resource use.
The aim of the paper is to further explore the parameters of innovative approaches to climate change adaptation and resource use in African conditions. We present a short outline of the academic literature on complexity, transdisciplinarity and systems approaches and apply these to the fields of climate adaptation and resource use.
Suggested parameters for an integrated conceptual model are formulated. It is argued that innovative approaches to complex issues such as adapting to climate change and improving resource efficiency in Africa would require an integrated, systems and transdisciplinary approach that takes African contexts as a point of departure, and that explicitly include an analysis of human behaviour as a force of change. This integrated approach provides a basis for the development of sustainable innovations for climate change adaptation and resource use in Africa.
Notes Presentation: How can the concepts of creation order and eschatological...Martin de Wit
This document discusses how concepts of creation order and eschatological hope can help form an ethical response to current financial, economic, and ecological crises. It explores how creation order, as discussed in reformational philosophy, and concepts of cosmos and eschatology in eco-theology, can provide important resources for constructing a Christian environmental ethic. While creation order and universal revelation are contested ideas theologically, properly understanding humanity's role in creation through Christ-centered ethics may help address criticisms and formulate responses to the crises. The document aims to contribute to the development of a conceptual framework on these topics.
How can the concepts of creation order and eschatological hope help to respon...Martin de Wit
This paper examines how concepts of creation order and eschatological hope can help develop an ethical response to current financial, economic, and ecological crises. It discusses tensions between viewing creation/cosmology versus salvation/Christ as the ultimate source of ethics. While creation reveals God, the Bible is ambiguous on ecology. Ultimately, the paper argues that a Christian environmental ethic must focus on Christ's work and responsible scriptural interpretation, rather than viewing creation order or an expectation of cosmic continuity as the source of ethics.
Reflecting on the economic and ecological crisesMartin de Wit
This document discusses potential responses to current economic and ecological crises. It examines instrumental, structural, moral, and ontological responses. It argues that a more adequate response requires: 1) Accepting a richer interpretation of reality beyond dualisms; 2) Using systems approaches to understand complexity; 3) Guidance from a normative ethic on a theological basis; 4) Visionary and transformative leadership beyond human autonomy. It also reflects on Protestant Christianity's response and the need for responsible biblical interpretation guided by eschatological hope in the resurrected Jesus Christ.
Economic risks and opportunities of new waste legislationMartin de Wit
Waste is valuable.
Waste is not for free.
Sustainable management of waste brings risks and opportunities for private business.
A reflection on the case of Cape Town.
How do we approach messy. practical problems? A reflection on how to respond ...Martin de Wit
The question how to approach practical, messy problems where problems are not well-defined remains actual. The recent financial and economic crisis, as well as an emerging ecological crisis, is an opportunity to reflect on deeper questions on how to approach and inform decisions in the real world.
Is there a case for investing in ecosystem services?Martin de Wit
Martin de Wit gave the opening remarks at the Cambridge Resilience Forum on Ecosystem Services. He discussed how Nelson Mandela found solace and a sense of freedom from gardening in prison on Robben Island. De Wit noted the link between healthy nature and human well-being. He highlighted that the economic value of ecosystem services in Cape Town is estimated between R2-6 billion per year, including avoided damage costs, tourism spending, and replacement costs. However, more investment is needed to maintain these services due to their public good nature and lack of incentive for private investors.
The document discusses the economic value of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Cape Town, South Africa. It finds that natural areas provide valuable services like tourism and recreation worth R270-R326 million annually, as well as natural hazard regulation saving an estimated R5-R60 million yearly. Coastal ecosystems like dunes and kelp beds reduce storm surge damages, while healthy catchments absorb rainfall to prevent flooding. Invasive species increase fire risks and costs, with 2009 fires in Somerset West causing R25-R40 million in damages. The document argues that investing in natural areas through alien control and other measures can significantly reduce economic losses from hazards like fires and floods.
Summary: Investing in Natural Assets. A Business case for the environment in ...Martin de Wit
This document discusses the value of investing in natural assets for the municipality of Cape Town. It finds that:
1) Cape Town's natural assets ("natural factories") provide services worth an estimated R4 billion annually, helping the local economy. However, the municipality only spends 2.5% of its budget on maintaining these assets.
2) Investing in natural assets provides higher returns than other municipal investments, with every R1 spent generating R8.30 in ecosystem services.
3) To increase these benefits, the municipality should develop an effective communication strategy to increase funding for maintaining and enhancing Cape Town's natural assets.
Investing in Natural Assets. A business case for the environment in the City ...Martin de Wit
1. The document presents a business case for investing in natural assets in the City of Cape Town by quantifying the economic value of ecosystem goods and services (EGS) provided by natural assets.
2. It estimates that Cape Town's natural assets provide an annual flow of EGS valued between R2-6 billion, including benefits from tourism, recreation, natural hazard regulation, water purification, and more.
3. Investing in maintaining and expanding natural assets could leverage 1.2-2 times higher economic value than overall municipal expenditures, highlighting the strong business case for environmental protection.
The document summarizes 5 major systemic challenges facing South Africa from a sustainability perspective:
1) The relationship between coal use for electricity and carbon emissions given South Africa's continued reliance on coal for energy.
2) The nexus between climate change, water availability, and food security given South Africa's limited freshwater resources and the region's high levels of malnutrition.
3) The impact of growing trade relationships between China and Africa on development given China's role as a major trade partner and questions around environmental management.
4) The need to address problems in South Africa's water system like failing sewage treatment and acid mine drainage threatening water quality.
5) Managing the large volumes of waste being generated
Talk wfs 6 may 2010 presentation final notesMartin de Wit
Sustainability in its shortest definition is the capacity to endure. To endure one does not only need material goods, but also a mental and spiritual resilience and set of skills on how to cope. When the quality and quantity of our material goods and biophysical environment starts to change, when our fellow South Africans are sick and dying prematurely and when our economy does not deliver the needed health and wealth to all of us, our hope for a better future is severely tested. It is the integrity of our hope that could and should be playing a fundamental role in a possible transition towards sustainability.
In this talk ladies and gentleman, the question of South Africa’s sustainability is under scrutiny. I will first show you that from an ecological, from a human well-being, and even from an economic perspective there are several warning lights on the biophysical and material sustainability of this country. I will also show the remarkable optimism we have as South Africans and highlight the importance of hope. Third, and finally I will argue that we as humans have an ethical responsibility in the individual and collective choices we make. It is our attitudes and behaviours that sustain or destroy.
The document discusses translating economic valuations of ecosystems into real-world investments. It argues that while studies have raised awareness of ecosystem value, an institutional system is needed to transform abstract values into financial investments. The author proposes focusing on performing valuation studies to better inform decision-makers, increasing understanding of total system value, and developing new institutional processes and arrangements to capture ecosystem benefits.
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
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Acolyte Episodes review (TV series) The Acolyte. Learn about the influence of the program on the Star Wars world, as well as new characters and story twists.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
1. Factoring sustainability into
South Africa’s future
Martin de Wit
Address delivered to World Future Society, 6 May 2010, BMW Pavillion, Cape
Town.
2. Sustainability
• Sustainability in its shortest
definition is the capacity to endure
• To endure one does not only need
material goods, but also a mental
and spiritual resilience and set of
skills on how to cope.
3. Biophysical stress
Indicator Result for SA Key aspects Outcome
Ecological Footprint 2.8 ha/pp/yr vs. target Carbon Ecologically
of 1.8 ha/pp/yr Crop land unsustainable
Grazing land
91st out of 134
countries (2009)
Environmental 0.508/1.0 Environmental burden Environmentally
Performance Index of disease unsustainable
115th of 163 countries Climate change
(2010) Air pollution on
ecosystems
4. Serious stress on human wellbeing
Indicator Result for SA Key aspects Outcome
Corruption 55th out of 180 Increase in perceived corruption in Moderately sustainable
Perceptions countries (2008) last 2 years
Index
Subjective Well 41st out of 79 Happiness, life satisfaction Moderately sustainable
Being countries
Human 129th out of 182 Life expectancy Humanely Unsustainable
Development countries (2007) Literacy
index Education
Quality of Life 92nd out of 111 Material well-being, life expectancy, Humanely and politically
Index countries (2005) political stability, divorce rate, unsustainable
community life, climates,
unemployment, political freedom,
gender equality
Happy Planet 118th out of 143 Human well-being and Humanely Unsustainable
Index countries (2009) environmental impact
5. Recent progress in material wellbeing
Figure 1: Gross National Income per capita (constant 2005 prices, Rand per annum) Figure 2: GDP per capita (PPP, constant, 2000$)
$10500
$9900
$9300
$8700
$8100
$7500
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
Source: SA Reserve Bank Source: Nationmaster.com based on World Development Indicators
6. Insufficient savings
Figure 3: Adjusted net savings, %
0.40
0.25
South Africa
China
0.10 Brazil
Russia
India
AVG World
-0.05
-0.20
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Source: Based on World Bank data
8. Comparative optimism
Figure 5: Figure 6:
Source: Pew Global Attitudes
Source: BBC World Service Poll, 2004.
Project Survey
9. Recent optimism
Table IV: South Africans believe the country is going in the right direction
Nov 09 May 09 May 08
Country is going Male 60% 45% 47%
in right direction
Female 53% 41% 44%
Source: IPSOR Markinor, Pulse of the People Public Opinion Series
10. Hope and the future
Once you choose hope, anything is possible -
Christopher Reeve
We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at
the stars - Oscar Wilde
To eat bread without hope is still slowly to starve to
death - Pearl S. Buck
Who hopes for what he already has? But if we hope
for what we do not yet have, we wait for it patiently
- Apostle Paul in letter to Romans (Rom 8:24-25,
NIV)
11. From hope towards an ethics of
sustainability
• Factoring sustainability into South
Africa’s future is in the first place to
start acting on the individual and
collective hope we have as a nation.
• This hope can translate into deep
changes in attitude and behaviour.
12. Wedges for change
• material wedges to start bending the trends of
material and resource use as well as the
generation of pollution and waste.
• lifestyle wedges, such as pressures on conspicuous
consumption
• behavioural wedge to change attitudes and
behaviour
13. Time will tell whether that optimism
(quoting Václav Havel) is...
not the conviction that something
will turn out well,
but the certainty that something
makes sense,
regardless of how it turns out.