MS Excel 2016_CBT PRESENTATION_Ver 7.0 (1).pptx

Excel is a spreadsheet program that allows you to store, organize,
and analyze information. While you may believe Excel is only used by certain
people to process complicated data, anyone can learn how to take advantage of
the program's powerful features. Whether you're keeping a budget, organizing a
training log, or creating an invoice, Excel makes it easy to work with different types
of data.

Getting Started with Microsoft Excel 2016

Starting Microsoft Excel 2016
When you open Excel 2016 for the first time, the Excel Start Screen will appear. From
here, you'll be able to create a new workbook, choose a template, and access
your recently edited workbooks.
From the Excel Start Screen, locate and select Blank workbook to access the Excel
interface.

Starting Microsoft Excel 2016
Excel file will open like this

1. Select the File tab. Backstage view will appear.
To create a new blank workbook:

2. Select New, then click Blank workbook.
3. A new blank workbook will appear.

To create a new workbook from a template:
A template is a predesigned spreadsheet you can use to create a new workbook
quickly. Templates often include custom formatting and predefined formulas, so
they can save you a lot of time and effort when starting a new project.
1. Click the File tab to access Backstage view.

2. Select New. Several templates will appear below the Blank workbookoption.
3. Select a template to review it.

4. A preview of the template will appear, along with additional information on how
the template can be used.
5. Click Create to use the selected template.
6. A new workbook will appear with the selected template.

Exploring MS Excel 2016 User Interface
The User Interface
displays all the menus
and buttons you click
to interact with the
functions and features
of the software your
using. Microsoft refers
to these functions and
features as
Commands

Exploring MS Excel 2016 User Interface
Worksheet Grid

Saving a Workbook
Save and Save As
Excel offers two ways to save a file: Save and Save As. These options work in similar ways,
with a few important differences:
Save: When you create or edit a workbook, you'll use the Save command to save your
changes. You'll use this command most of the time. When you save a file, you'll only need to
choose a file name and location the first time. After that, you can just click the Save command
to save it with the same name and location.
Save As: You'll use this command to create a copy of a workbook while keeping the original.
When you use Save As, you'll need to choose a different name and/or location for the copied
version.

Saving a Workbook
To save a workbook:
It's important to save your workbook whenever you start a new project or make changes to
an existing one. Saving early and often can prevent your work from being lost. You'll also need
to pay close attention to where you save the workbook so it will be easy to find later.
1. Locate and select the Save command on the Quick Access Toolbar.

2. If you're saving the file for the first time, the Save As pane will appear
in Backstage view.
3. You'll then need to choose where to save the file and give it a file name. To save the
workbook to your computer, select Computer, then click Browse. Alternatively, you can
click OneDrive to save the file to your OneDrive.

4. The Save As dialog box will appear. Select the location where you want to save the
workbook.
5. Enter a file name for the workbook, then click Save.

To Open an Existing workbook:
In addition to creating new workbooks, you'll often need to open a workbook that was
previously saved. To learn more about saving workbooks, visit our lesson on
Saving and Sharing Workbooks.
1. Navigate to Backstage view, then click Open.

2. Select Computer, then click Browse. Alternatively, you can choose OneDrive to
open files stored on your OneDrive.
3. From Browse, You can choose the file

To insert a new worksheet, do one of the following:
1. Click the New sheet button at the bottom of the screen.
To insert a new worksheet in front of an existing worksheet, select the existing
worksheet and then,
1. Click Home > Insert, > Insert Sheet.
To Insert a New Worksheet

UNIT 6
MS Excel-2
Getting Started with Microsoft Excel 2016

Enter text or a number in a cell
1. On the worksheet, click a cell.
2. Type the numbers or text that you want to enter, and then press ENTER or TAB.
To enter data on a new line within a cell, enter a line break by pressing ALT+ENTER.
Entering Data Manually

Enter a date or a time in a cell
1. On the worksheet, click a cell.
2. Type a date or time as follows:
• To enter a date, use a slash mark or a hyphen to separate the parts of a date;
for example, type 9/5/2002 or 5-Sep-2002.
• To enter a time that is based on the 12-hour clock, enter the time followed by a
space, and then type a or p after the time; for example, 9:00 p. Otherwise,
Excel enters the time as AM.
• To enter the current date and time, press Ctrl+Shift+; (semicolon).
• To enter a date or time that stays current when you reopen a worksheet, you can
use the TODAY and NOW functions.

Flash Fill Feature
Flash Fill automatically fills your data when it senses a pattern. By default, Flash Fill is
enabled in Microsoft Excel. If it doesn't work as you expect, read below to learn how to
enable the feature.
Follow these steps to enable Flash Fill:
1. Click File > Options.
2. Click the Advanced in the left pane, and ensure that the Automatically Flash
Fill box is checked.
3. Click OK.
4. Close and restart Excel.

To AutoFit column width:
The AutoFit feature will allow you to set a column's width to fit its
content automatically.
1. Position the mouse over the column line in the column heading so the cursor
becomes a double arrow.
2. Double-click the mouse. The column width will be changed automatically to fit the
content.

To modify row height:
1. Position the cursor over the row line so the cursor becomes a double arrow.
2. Click and drag the mouse to increase or decrease the row height.
3. Release the mouse. The height of the selected row will be changed.

To insert rows:
1. Select the row heading below where you want the new row to appear. In
this example, we want to insert a row between rows 4 and 5, so we'll
select row 5.
2. Click the Insert command on the Home tab.

3. The new row will appear above the selected row.

To insert columns:
1. Select the column heading to the right of where you want the new column to
appear. For example, if you want to insert a column between columns D and E,
select column E.
2. Click the Insert command on the Home tab.

3. The new column will appear to the left of the selected column.

Wrapping the text will automatically
modify a cell's row height, allowing cell
contents to be displayed on multiple
lines
1. Select the cells you want to wrap. In
this example, we'll select the cells
in column C.
2. Click the Wrap Text command on
the Home tab.
To wrap text in cells:

3. The text in the selected cells will be wrapped.

Working with Number Formatting
Number formats don't just make your spreadsheet easier to read—they also
make it easier to use. When you apply a number format, you're telling your
spreadsheet exactly what types of values are stored in a cell. For example,
the date format tells the spreadsheet that you're entering specific calendar
dates. This allows the spreadsheet to better understand your data, which can
help ensure that your data remains consistent and that your formulas are
calculated correctly.
Applying number formats
Just like other types of formatting, such as changing the font color, you'll apply
number formats by selecting cells and choosing the desired formatting option.
There are two main ways to choose a number format:

1. Go to the Home tab, click the Number Format drop-down menu in
the Number group, and select the desired format.

2. You can also click one of the quick number-formatting commands below the drop-
down menu.

In this example, we've applied the Currency number format, which adds currency
symbols ($) and displays two decimal places for any numerical values.

Percentage formats
One of the most helpful number formats is the percentage (%) format. It displays
values as percentages, such as 20% or 55%. This is especially helpful when
calculating things like the cost of sales tax or a tip. When you type a percent sign (%)
after a number, the percentage number format will be be applied to that
cell automatically.
As you may remember from math class, a percentage can also be written as
a decimal. So 15% is the same thing as 0.15, 7.5% is 0.075, 20% is 0.20, 55% is
0.55, and so on. You can review this lesson from our Math tutorials to learn more
about converting percentages to decimals.

There are many times when percentage formatting will be useful. For example, in the
images below, notice how the sales tax rate is formatted differently for each
spreadsheet (5, 5%, and 0.05):

Apply a custom number format
1. Select the cell or range of cells that you want to format.
2. On the Home tab, in the Number group, click More Number Formats at the
bottom of the Number Format list
3. In the Format Cells dialog box, under Category, click Custom.
4. At the bottom of the Type list, select the built-in format that you just created. For
example, 000-000-0000.
5. The number format that you select appears in the Type box.
6. Click OK.

Using Cell Styles
To apply several formats in one step, and to
make sure that cells have consistent
formatting, you can use a cell style. A cell style
is a defined set of formatting characteristics,
such as fonts and font sizes, number formats,
cell borders, and cell shading. To prevent
anyone from making changes to specific cells,
you can also use a cell style that locks cells.
1. Select the cells that you want to format.
For more information, see
Select cells, ranges, rows, or columns on a
worksheet
.
2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group,
click the More dropdown arrow in the style
gallery, and select the cell style that you
want to apply.

You can add a border around cells to
distinguish specific values,
outline summarized values, or separate
data into ranges of cells. To quickly add
an outside border, simply select the
cells that you want to include and press
Ctrl+Shift+7 on your keyboard.
Follow these steps to add borders by
selecting different line styles and
colors:
1. Select the cell or range of cells.
2. On the Home tab, click the arrow
next to the Borders icon, and from
the dropdown menu, choose the
border option that you want to
apply.
Add or remove cell borders

1. Select the cells you want to chart, including the column titles and row labels. These
cells will be the source data for the chart. In our example, we'll select cells A1:F6.
To Insert a Chart
2. From the Insert tab, click the desired Chart command. In our example, we'll
select Column.

3. Choose the desired chart type from the drop-down menu.

4. The Selected chart will be inserted into the worksheet.

Setting the Chart Title
Excel allows you to add chart elements—
such as chart titles, legends, and data
labels—to make your chart easier to read. To
add a chart element, click the Add Chart
Element command on the Design tab, then
choose the desired element from the drop-
down menu.

To edit a chart element, like a chart title, simply double-click the placeholder and
begin typing.

Custom sorting
Sometimes you may find that the default sorting options can't sort data in the order
you need. Fortunately, Excel allows you to create a custom list to define your own
sorting order.
1. Select a cell in the column you want to sort by. In our example, we'll select cell D2.

2. Select the Data tab, then
click the Sort command.
3. The Sort dialog box will appear.
Select the column you want to
sort by, then choose Custom
List... from the Order field. In
our example, we will choose to
sort by T-Shirt Size.

4. The Custom Lists dialog box will appear. Select NEW LIST from the Custom
Lists: box.
5. Type the items in the desired custom order in the List entries: box. In our example,
we want to sort our data by T-shirt size from smallest to largest, so we'll
type Small, Medium, Large, and X-Large, pressing Enter on the keyboard after
each item.

6. Click Add to save the new sort order. The new list will be added to the Custom
lists: box. Make sure the new list is selected, then click OK.

7. The Custom Lists dialog box will close. Click OK in the Sort dialog box to perform
the custom sort.

8. The worksheet will be sorted by the custom order. In our example, the worksheet is
now organized by T-shirt size from smallest to largest.

To filter data:
1. In order for filtering to work correctly, your worksheet should include a header row,
which is used to identify the name of each column. In our example, our worksheet is
organized into different columns identified by the header cells in row
1: ID#, Type, Equipment Detail, and so on.

2. Select the Data tab, then click the Filter command.
3. A drop-down arrow will appear in the
header cell for each column.
4. Click the drop-down arrow for the column
you want to filter. In our example, we will
filter column B to view only certain types of
equipment.

5. The Filter menu will appear.
6. Uncheck the box next to Select
All to quickly deselect all data.

7. Check the boxes next to the data
you want to filter, then click OK. In
this example, we will
check Laptop and Projector to
view only these types of
equipment.

8. The data will be filtered, temporarily hiding any content that doesn't match the criteria.
In our example, only laptops and tablets are visible.

Working With Formulas and Functions

One of the most powerful features in Excel is the ability to calculate numerical
information using formulas. Just like a calculator, Excel can add, subtract, multiply,
and divide. In this lesson, we'll show you how to use cell references to create simple
formulas.
Mathematical operators
Excel uses standard operators for formulas, such as
a plus sign for addition (+), a minus sign for subtraction
(-), an asterisk for multiplication (*), a forward slash for
division (/), and a caret (^) for exponents.
All formulas in Excel must begin with an equals sign (=). This is because the cell
contains, or is equal to, the formula and the value it calculates.

Understanding cell references
While you can create simple formulas in Excel using numbers (for example, =2+2 or =5*5),
most of the time you will use cell addresses to create a formula. This is known as making
a cell reference. Using cell references will ensure that your formulas are always accurate
because you can change the value of referenced cells without having to rewrite the
formula.
In the formula below, cell A3 adds the values of cells A1 and A2 by making cell references:

When you press Enter, the formula calculates and displays the answer in cell A3:
If the values in the referenced cells change, the formula automatically recalculates:

By combining a mathematical operator with cell references, you can create a variety of
simple formulas in Excel. Formulas can also include a combination of cell references
and numbers, as in the examples below:

Relative references
By default, all cell references are relative references. When copied across multiple
cells, they change based on the relative position of rows and columns. For example, if
you copy the formula =A1+B1 from row 1 to row 2, the formula will become =A2+B2.
Relative references are especially convenient whenever you need to repeat the same
calculation across multiple rows or columns.
To create and copy a formula using relative references:
In the following example, we want to create a formula that will multiply each
item's price by the quantity. Instead of creating a new formula for each row, we can
create a single formula in cell D4 and then copy it to the other rows. We'll use relative
references so the formula calculates the total for each item correctly.

1. Select the cell that will contain the formula. In our example, we'll select cell D4.
2. Enter the formula to calculate the
desired value. In our example, we'll
type =B4*C4.

3. Press Enter on your keyboard. The formula will be calculated, and the result will be
displayed in the cell.
4. Locate the fill handle in the bottom-right corner of the desired cell. In our example,
we'll locate the fill handle for cell D4.

5. Click and drag the fill handle over the cells you want to fill. In our example, we'll
select cells D5:D13.

6. Release the mouse. The formula will be copied to the selected cells with relative
references, displaying the result in each cell.

Creating complex formulas
In the example below, we'll demonstrate how Excel uses the order of operations to
solve a more complex formula. Here, we want to calculate the cost of sales tax for a
catering invoice. To do this, we'll write our formula as =(D3+D4+D5)*0.075 in cell D6.
This formula will add the prices of our items, then multiply that value by the 7.5% tax
rate (which is written as 0.075) to calculate the answer.

Excel follows the order of operations and first adds the values inside the
parentheses: (45.80+68.70+159.60) = 274.10. It then multiplies that value by the tax
rate: 274.10*0.075. The result will show that the sales tax is $20.56.

Absolute references
There may be a time when you don't want a cell reference to change when copied to
other cells. Unlike relative references, absolute references do not change when
copied or filled. You can use an absolute reference to keep a row and/or
column constant.
An absolute reference is designated in a formula by the addition of a dollar sign ($). It
can precede the column reference, the row reference, or both.

To create and copy a formula using absolute references:
In the example below, we're going to use cell E2 (which contains the tax rate at 7.5%) to
calculate the sales tax for each item in column D. To make sure the reference to the tax rate
stays constant—even when the formula is copied and filled to other cells—we'll need to make
cell $E$2 an absolute reference.
1. Select the cell that will contain the formula. In our example, we'll select cell D4.

2. Enter the formula to calculate the desired value. In our example, we'll type
=(B4*C4)*$E$2, making $E$2 an absolute reference.

3. Press Enter on your keyboard. The formula will calculate, and the result will
display in the cell.
4. Locate the fill handle in the bottom-right corner of the desired cell. In our
example, we'll locate the fill handle for cell D4.

5. Click and drag the fill handle over the cells you want to fill (cells D5:D13 in
our example).

6. Release the mouse. The formula will be copied to the selected cells with
an absolute reference, and the values will be calculated in each cell.

WORKING WITH FUNCTIONS
A function is a predefined formula that performs calculations using specific values in a
particular order. Excel includes many common functions that can be used to quickly find
the sum, average, count, maximum value, and minimum value for a range of cells. In
order to use functions correctly, you'll need to understand the different parts of a
function and how to create arguments to calculate values and cell references.
The parts of a function
In order to work correctly, a function must be
written a specific way, which is called
the syntax. The basic syntax for a function is
the equals sign (=), the function
name (SUM, for example), and one or
more arguments. Arguments contain the
information you want to calculate. The
function in the example below would add the
values of the cell range A1:A20.

Working with arguments
Arguments can refer to both individual cells and cell ranges and must be enclosed
within parentheses. You can include one argument or multiple arguments, depending on
the syntax required for the function.
For example, the function =AVERAGE(B1:B9) would calculate the average of the values in
the cell range B1:B9. This function contains only one argument.

Multiple arguments must be separated by a comma. For example, the
function =SUM(A1:A3, C1:C2, E1) will add the values of all of the cells in the three
arguments.

Creating a function
There are a variety of functions available in Excel. Here are some of the most common
functions you'll use:
SUM: This function adds all of the values of the cells in the argument.
AVERAGE: This function determines the average of the values included in the argument. It
calculates the sum of the cells and then divides that value by the number of cells in the
argument.
COUNT: This function counts the number of cells with numerical data in the argument. This
function is useful for quickly counting items in a cell range.
MAX: This function determines the highest cell value included in the argument.
MIN: This function determines the lowest cell value included in the argument.

Function using the AutoSum command:
The AutoSum command allows you to automatically insert the most common functions into
your formula, including SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, MIN, and MAX. In the example below,
we'll use the SUM function to calculate the total cost for a list of recently ordered items.
1. Select the cell that will contain the function. In our example, we'll select cell D13.

2. In the Editing group on the Home tab, click the arrow next to the AutoSum command.
Next, choose the desired function from the drop-down menu. In our example, we'll
select Sum.

3. Excel will place the function in the cell and automatically select a cell range for the
argument. In our example, cells D3:D12 were selected automatically; their values will
be added to calculate the total cost. If Excel selects the wrong cell range, you can
manually enter the desired cells into the argument.

4. Press Enter on your keyboard. The function will be calculated, and the result will appear
in the cell. In our example, the sum of D3:D12 is $765.29.

The AutoSum command can also be accessed from the Formulas tab on the Ribbon.
AutoSum

The PRODUCT function
The PRODUCT function multiplies all the numbers given as arguments and returns the
product. For example, if cells A1 and A2 contain numbers, you can use the
formula =PRODUCT(A1, A2) to multiply those two numbers together. You can also perform
the same operation by using the multiply (*) mathematical operator; for example, =A1 * A2.
The PRODUCT function is useful when you need to multiply many cells together. For
example, the formula =PRODUCT(A1:A3, C1:C3) is equivalent to =A1 * A2 * A3 * C1 * C2 *
C3.

Count Cells with Numbers – COUNT
The COUNT function will count cells that contain
numbers. Its syntax is:
=COUNT(value1, value2,...value30).
The arguments (e.g. value1) can be cell references, or
values typed into the COUNT formula.
The following COUNT function example uses one
argument -- a reference to cells A1:A5.
1. Enter the sample data on your worksheet
2. In cell A7, enter an COUNT formula, to count the
numbers in column A: =COUNT(A1:A5)
3. Press the Enter key, to complete the formula.
4. The result will be 3, the number of cells that contain
numbers.
Cell A1 isn't counted, because it contains text.
Count Function

Count Cells with Data – COUNTA
The COUNTA function will count cells that are not empty.
(See note on blank cells below)
Its syntax is:
=COUNTA(value1, value2,...value30).
The arguments (e.g. value1) can be cell references, or
values typed into the formula. The following example
uses one argument -- a reference to cells A1:A5.
1. Enter the sample data on your worksheet
2. In cell A7, enter a COUNTA formula, to count the
numbers in column A: =COUNTA(A1:A5)
3. Press the Enter key, to complete the formula.
4. The result will be 4, the number of cells that contain
data.
Count Function

To Find the Average
1. Click a cell below, or to the right, of the numbers for which you want to find
the average.
2. On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click the arrow next to AutoSum ,
click Average, and then press Enter.
Or,

CONCAT Function
The Microsoft Excel CONCAT function allows you to join 2 or more strings
together. It was released in Excel 2016 and replaces the
CONCATENATE function.
The CONCAT function is a built-in function in Excel that is categorized as
a String/Text Function. It can be used as a worksheet function (WS) in Excel. As
a worksheet function, the CONCAT function can be entered as part of a formula
in a cell of a worksheet.

LEN Function
The Microsoft Excel LEN function returns the
length of the specified string.
The LEN function is a built-in function in Excel
that is categorized as a String/Text Function.
It can be used as a worksheet function (WS)
and a VBA function (VBA) in Excel. As a
worksheet function, the LEN function can be
entered as part of a formula in a cell of a
worksheet. As a VBA function, you can use
this function in macro code that is entered
through the Microsoft Visual Basic Editor.
Syntax
The syntax for the LEN function in Microsoft Excel is:
LEN(TEXT)

TRIM Function
Supposing you have a column of names that have some
whitespace before and after the text, as well as more
than one spaces between the words. So, how do you
remove all leading, trailing and excess in-between
spaces in all cells at a time? By copying a n Excel TRIM
formula across the column, and then replacing formulas
with their values. The detailed steps follow below.
1. Write a TRIM formula for the topmost cell, A2 in our
example:
=TRIM(A2)
2. Position the cursor to the lower right corner of the
formula cell (B2 in this example), and as soon as the
cursor turns into the plus sign, double-click it to copy
the formula down the column, up to the last cell with
data. As the result, you will have 2 columns - original
names with spaces and formula-driven trimmed
names.

ND Function
The Microsoft Excel AND function returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE. It returns FALSE if any of
the conditions are FALSE.
The AND function is a built-in function in Excel that is categorized as a Logical Function. It can be
used as a worksheet function (WS) in Excel. As a worksheet function, the AND function can be
entered as part of a formula in a cell of a worksheet.

The Microsoft Excel IF function returns one
value if the condition is TRUE, or another
value if the condition is FALSE.
The IF function is a built-in function in Excel
that is categorized as a Logical Function. It
can be used as a worksheet function (WS) in
Excel. As a worksheet function, the IF
function can be entered as part of a formula
The syntax for the IF function in Microsoft Excel is:
IF( condition, [value_if_true], [value_if_false] )
IF Function

The Microsoft Excel OR function returns
TRUE if any of the conditions are TRUE.
Otherwise, it returns FALSE.
The OR function is a built-in function in Excel
that is categorized as a Logical Function. It
can be used as a worksheet function (WS) in
Excel. As a worksheet function, the OR
function can be entered as part of a formula
The syntax for the OR function in Microsoft Excel is:
OR( condition1, [condition2, ... condition_n] )
OR Function

The Microsoft Excel NOT function returns the
reversed logical value.
The NOT function is a built-in function in
Excel that is categorized as a Logical
Function. It can be used as a worksheet
function (WS) in Excel. As a worksheet
function, the NOT function can be entered as
part of a formula in a cell of a worksheet.
The syntax for the NOT function in Microsoft Excel is:
NOT( logical_value )
NOT Function

The Microsoft Excel LOOKUP function returns a value from a range (one row or one
column) or from an array.
The LOOKUP function is a built-in function in Excel that is categorized as a
Lookup/Reference Function. It can be used as a worksheet function (WS) in Excel. As a
worksheet function, the LOOKUP function can be entered as part of a formula in a cell of a
worksheet.
There are 2 different syntaxes for the LOOKUP function:
❖ Vector Form
❖ Array Form
Lookup Function

Vector Form
The LOOKUP function searches for value in the lookup range and returns the value in the
result range that is in the same position.
The syntax for the LOOKUP function in Microsoft Excel is:
LOOKUP( value, lookup_range, [result_range] )

Array Form
The LOOKUP function searches for the value in the first row or column of the array and returns
the corresponding value in the last row or column of the array
The syntax for the LOOKUP function in Microsoft Excel is:
LOOKUP( value, array )

VLOOKUP FUNCTION
The VLOOKUP function performs a vertical lookup by searching for a value in the first column of
a table and returning the value in the same row in the index number position.
The VLOOKUP function is a built-in function in Excel that is categorized as a Lookup/Reference
Function. It can be used as a worksheet function (WS) in Excel. As a worksheet function, the
VLOOKUP function can be entered as part of a formula in a cell of a worksheet.
Syntax
VLOOKUP( value, table, index_number, [approximate_match] )

Based on the spreadsheet above, the following Excel HLOOKUP function will return the following:
=HLOOKUP(10251, A1:G3, 2, FALSE)
Result: $16.80
VLOOKUP Function

The Microsoft Excel HLOOKUP function
performs a horizontal lookup by searching for
a value in the top row of the table and
returning the value in the same column based
on the index_number.
The HLOOKUP function is a built-in function in
Excel that is categorized as a
Lookup/Reference Function. It can be used as
a worksheet function (WS) in Excel. As a
worksheet function, the HLOOKUP function
can be entered as part of a formula in a cell of
a worksheet.
Syntax
HLOOKUP( value, table, index_number, [approximate_match] )
HLOOKUP FUNCTION

Based on the spreadsheet above, the following Excel HLOOKUP function will return the following:
=HLOOKUP(10251, A1:G3, 2, FALSE)
Result: $16.80
HLOOKUP Function

The Microsoft Excel NOW function returns the current
system date and time.
The NOW function is a built-in function in Excel that is
categorized as a Date/Time Function. It can be used as
a worksheet function (WS) and a VBA function (VBA) in
Excel. As a worksheet function, the NOW function can
be entered as part of a formula in a cell of a worksheet.
When used as a worksheet function, the NOW function
will refresh the date/time value whenever the worksheet
recalculates.
Syntax:
NOW()
NOW FUNCTION

The Microsoft Excel DAY function returns the day of
the month (a number from 1 to 31) given a date
value.
The DAY function is a built-in function in Excel that is
categorized as a Date/Time Function. It can be used
as a worksheet function (WS) and a VBA function
(VBA) in Excel. As a worksheet function, the DAY
function can be entered as part of a formula in a cell
of a worksheet
Syntax:
DAY( date_value )
DAY FUNCTION

Based on the Excel spreadsheet above, the following DAY examples would return:
=DAY(A1)
Result: 1
=DAY(A2)
Result: 31
DAY Function

The Microsoft Excel WEEKDAY function
returns a number representing the day
of the week, given a date value.
The WEEKDAY function is a built-in
function in Excel that is categorized as a
Date/Time Function. It can be used as a
worksheet function (WS) and a VBA
function (VBA) in Excel. As a worksheet
function, the WEEKDAY function can be
entered as part of a formula in a cell of a
worksheet
Syntax:
WEEKDAY( serial_number, [return_value] )
WEEKDAY FUNCTION

Based on the Excel spreadsheet above, the following WEEKDAY examples would return:
=WEEKDAY(A1)
Result: 1
=WEEKDAY(A1, 1)
Result: 1
WEEKDAY Function

The Microsoft Excel NETWORKDAYS function
returns the number of work days between 2
dates, excluding weekends and holidays.
Weekends are not considered work days and
you can specify holidays to also exclude from
the work day calculation.
The NETWORKDAYS function is a built-in
function in Excel that is categorized as a
Date/Time Function. It can be used as a
worksheet function (WS) in Excel. As a
worksheet function, the NETWORKDAYS
function can be entered as part of a formula in
a cell of a worksheet.
Syntax:
WEEKDAY( serial_number, [return_value] )
NETWORKDAYS FUNCTION

Enter Holidays as a Range
The holidays parameter is optional and is usually entered as a range of cells. In our example,
holidays are found in the range of $F$2:$F$5.
Based on the Excel spreadsheet above, the following NETWORKDAYS examples would return:
=NETWORKDAYS(A2,B2,$F$2:$F$5)
Result: 2
NETWORKDAYS Function
Enter Holidays as Text Dates
Holidays do not have to be entered as a range of cells. They can also be entered as text dates.
However how you enter text dates depends on whether you enter one date or more than one date.
For example, here is how you would enter a single date as a holiday:
=NETWORKDAYS(A2,B2,"1/1/2016")
Result: 2

The Excel PV function is a financial function
that returns the present value of an investment.
You can use the PV function to get the value in
today's dollars of a series of future payments,
assuming periodic, constant payments and a
constant interest rate.
Syntax:
=PV (rate, nper, pmt, [fv], [type])
PV Function
Arguments
rate - The interest rate per period.
nper - The total number of payment periods.
pmt - The payment made each period.
fv - [optional] A cash balance you want to attain
after the last payment is made. If omitted,
assumed to be zero.
type - [optional] When payments are due. 0 =
end of period, 1 = beginning of period. Default
is 0.

Example (as Worksheet Function)
Let's look at some PV examples and explore how to use the PV function as a worksheet function in
Microsoft Excel:
This first example returns the present value of an investment that pays $250 at the end of every
month for 2 years. The money paid out will earn 7.5% annually.
=PV(7.5%/12, 2*12, 250, , 0)
Result: -$5,555.61
This next example returns the present value of an investment that pays $50 at the beginning of
every week for 4 years. The money paid out will earn 6% annually.
=PV(6%/52, 4*52, 50, , 1)
Result: -$9,252.07
PV Function

The Excel PMT function is a financial function
that returns the periodic payment for a loan.
You can use the NPER function to figure out
payments for a loan, given the loan amount,
number of periods, and interest rate.
Syntax:
PMT( interest_rate, number_payments, PV, [FV], [Type] )
PMT Function
Arguments
rate - The interest rate for the loan.
nper - The total number of payments for
the loan.
pv - The present value, or total value of all
loan payments now.
fv - [optional] The future value, or a cash
balance you want after the last payment is
made. Defaults to 0 (zero).
type - [optional] When payments are due.
0 = end of period. 1 = beginning of period.
Default is 0.

Let's look at some PMT examples and explore how to use the PMT function as a worksheet function
in Microsoft Excel:
This first example returns the monthly payment on a $5,000 loan at an annual rate of 7.5%. The
loan is paid off in 2 years (ie: 2 x 12). All payments are made at the beginning of the period.
=PMT(7.5%/12, 2*12, 5000, 0, 1)
Result: -$223.60
This next example returns the weekly payment on a $8,000 loan at an annual rate of 6%. The loan
is paid off in 4 years (ie: 4 x 52). All payments are made at the end of the period.
=PMT(6%/52, 4*52, 8000, 0, 0)
Result: -$43.28
PMT Function

The Excel NPER function is a financial
function that returns the number of periods for
loan or investment. You can use the NPER
function to get the number of payment periods
for a loan, given the amount, the interest rate,
and periodic payment amount.
Syntax:
=NPER (rate, pmt, pv, [fv], [type])
NPER Function
Arguments
rate - The interest rate per period.
pv - The present value, or total value of
all payments now.
fv - [optional] The future value, or a
cash balance you want after the last
payment is made. Defaults to 0.
type - [optional] When payments are
due. 0 = end of period. 1 = beginning of
period. Default is 0.

Let's look at some NPER examples and explore how to use the NPER function as a worksheet
function in Microsoft Excel:
This first example returns the number of monthly payments (monthly payments are $150) for a
$5,000 investment that earns 7.5% annually. Payments are due at the end of the period.
=NPER(7.5%/12, -150, 5000)
Result: 37.49506232
This next example returns the number of weekly payments (weekly payments are $175) for a
$8,000 investment that earns 6% annually. Payments are due at the beginning of each week.
=NPER(6%/52, -175, 8000, 0 ,1)
Result: 46.93552388
NPER Function

The Excel RATE function is a financial function
that returns the interest rate per period of an
annuity. You can use RATE to calculate the
periodic interest rate, then multiply as required
to derive the annual interest rate. The RATE
function calculates by iteration.
Syntax:
=RATE (nper, pmt, pv, [fv], [type], [guess])
RATE Function
Arguments
nper - The total number of payment periods.
pv - The present value, or total value of all
loan payments now.
fv - [optional] The future value, or desired
cash balance after last payment. Default is 0.
type - [optional] When payments are due. 0 =
end of period. 1 = beginning of period. Default
is 0.
guess - [optional] Your guess on the rate.
Default is 10%.

Let's look at some RATE examples and explore how to use the RATE function as a worksheet
function in Microsoft Excel:
This first example returns the interest rate per payment period on a $5,000 loan where monthly
payments of $250 are made for 2 years. All payments are made at the end of the period.
=RATE(2*12, -250, 5000)
Result: 1.513%
This next example returns the interest rate per payment period on a $5,000 loan where monthly
payments of $250 are made for 2 years. All payments are made at the beginning of the period.
=RATE(2*12, -250, 5000, , 1)
Result: 1.655%
RATE Function

PivotTable
Consider the example below. Let's say we wanted to answer the question What is the amount sold by
each salesperson? Answering it could be time consuming and difficult; each salesperson appears on
multiple rows, and we would need to total all of their different orders individually. We could use the
Subtotal command to help find the total for each salesperson, but we would still have a lot of data to
work with.

Fortunately, a PivotTable can instantly calculate and
summarize the data in a way that will make it much
easier to read. When we're done, the PivotTable will look
something like this:
Once you've created a PivotTable, you can use it to answer different questions by rearranging
—or pivoting—the data. For example, let's say we wanted to answer What is the total amount
sold in each month? We could modify our PivotTable to look like this:

To create a PivotTable:
1. Select the table or cells (including column headers) you want to include in your PivotTable.

2. From the Insert tab, click the PivotTable command.
3. The Create PivotTable dialog box will appear.
Choose your settings, then click OK. In our
example, we'll use Table1 as our source data and
place the PivotTable on a new worksheet.

4. A blank PivotTable and Field List will appear on a new worksheet.

5. Once you create a PivotTable, you'll need to
decide which fields to add. Each field is
simply a column header from the source data.
In the PivotTable Field List, check the box for
each field you want to add. In our example,
we want to know the total amount sold by
each salesperson, so we'll check the
Salesperson and Order Amount fields.

6. The selected fields will be added to one of
the four areas below. In our example, the
Salesperson field has been added to the
Rows area, while Order Amount has been
added to Values. Alternatively, you can drag
and drop fields directly into the desired area.

7. The PivotTable will calculate and summarize the selected fields. In our
example, the PivotTable shows the amount sold by each salesperson.

MS Excel 2016_CBT PRESENTATION_Ver 7.0 (1).pptx

MS Excel 2016_CBT PRESENTATION_Ver 7.0 (1).pptx

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