Plato was a student of Socrates known for continuing Socrates' philosophical quest after his execution. The document discusses several of Socrates' arguments, including that true courage requires knowledge, and that pleasure and good are the same. It also examines Socrates' view that people often act against their self-interest due to ignorance, and his rejection of Prodicus' distinction between names like pleasure and good.

1. BY . PLATO
THE SOCRATIC
PARADOX
NAMA : MARCELLINO EKARIFQI B
NIM : 20191000032
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2. About the author. . .
Socrates’s best known student was Plato (427-347 BCE), a young aristocrat. In p
oint of fact, Plato’s given name was Aristocles, but he came to be known by the ni
ckname “Plato” which designated his broad shoulders. Upon Socrates’s executio
n, Plato continued the Socratic quest.
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3. o What is Socrates’ argument that the virtue called “courage” implies knowledge
?
socrates said, who is so confident without knowledge is really not brav
e, but crazy and in that case the wisest is also the most confident, and being the
most confident is also the bravest, and on that view again wisdom will be courage
Exp : confident without knowledge is really not brave, but crazy like someone wan
ts to dive into the sea but he does not know the depth of this sea and ocean curre
nts are tidal or receding
o According to Socrates, what is the relation between pleasure and good? Does
Protagoras agree with Socrates’s arguments? Do you agree with Socrates on
this point?.
According to the way of talking Socrates: the results prove that pleasu
re and well really the same.
Exp : like we help our friends who don't understand the current lessons. we give a
n explanation so that our friends understand
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4. o Explain Socrates’s substitution reductio ad absurdum to the conclusion that ev
en if hedonism were true, that which is an evil or a bad action is not done as a
result of “being overcome by pleasure.”
redutio ad absurdum is a method that seeks correct conclusions. Wha
t evil or bad that is not controlled by pleasure?
This is Socrates' conversation :
a person commits a crime knowing that he is committing a crime. But
someone will ask, Why? Because he is overwhelmed, is the first answer. And with
what did he overcome? the inquirer will continue to ask. And we will not can answ
er "With pleasure," because the name pleasure has been exchanged for kind. An
d now rename pleasure and pain for good and crime, and say, like never before, t
hat someone does what evil consciously, but that he did what hurtfully consciousl
y, and because it is filled with pleasure
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5. o According to Socrates, why do most persons believe we do not act
knowledgeably? Why do most persons believe we often act in opposition
to what we know to be good for us? Could something be good
for a person and not be in that person’s self-interest?
example: We invite our friends to the cafeteria for lunch. but according
to our friend that it's not important he prefers school lessons
o What do you think is Prodicus’ “distinction of names”? Why do you
think Socrates wants to disallow the use of his technique?
Here the prodicus tells us that pleasure is good evil is painful but here
prodicus does not introduce the difference in name. Prodicus is more fun than go
od, crime is painful
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6. o How does Socrates know that they way things appear is not the way
are really are?
Socrates believes that we all seek what we think is most sincere for o
ur own interests. (Obviously, short-term pleasure or success is often not in our be
st interests. Long-term effects on the soul, however.)
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7. Pleasure and Good
o Pleasure
Pleasure is defined as feeling happy but not as happiness. Pleasure is very de
pendent on external factors as stimulation and lasts for a moment.
o Good
Good has meaning in adjective or adjective classes so it is good to be able to
change pronouns. what is meant by Socrates here are good people who are vi
rtuous or good people
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Glitzmedia.com

8. Knowledge and Pleasure
o Pleasure
Pleasure is defined as feeling happy but not as happiness. Pleasure is very de
pendent on external factors as stimulation and lasts for a moment
o Knowledge
knowledge of all efforts to achieve, discover, and improve human understandi
ng from various aspects of human nature
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Glitzmedia.com

9. Ethical Error as Ignorance
they are wrong actions which are carried out unknowingly carried out in one's ign
orance
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10. Can Virtue Be Taught?
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can be. example: like parents teach prayers from childhood

11. Terimakasih