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Movie History
This website provides a history of film from its origins to modern times. It is maintained by Karen Lynn Zolo for educational purposes. The site covers film techniques and genres through the decades from the invention of early motion picture devices to advances in sound and color. It also discusses topics like censorship during the McCarthy era "Red Scare" and the development of new technologies like digital video disks.
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- 1. Home Cut! A History of Film History Ethics Theory Chat Room Games Reference About Copyright 2004 cut_filmhist.com :: All rights reserved:: zolokl
- 2. Cut! A History of Search: Home Film Cut! Web History Private Policy & Copyright Info Ethics This website (www.cit_filmhist.com) is the Theory responsibility of Karen Lynn Zolo Karen Zolo is responsible for maintain accurate and secure for public use. This site is for Chat Room educational purposes. The material on this site was reproduced for the enjoyment, review, and learning process. The images Games contained are property of websites that are referenced on this site. This site doesn’t Reference have the license to sell or borrow material to users. Copyright covers all entities of this site. Please email with any questions About at zolokl@alverno.edu Copyright 2004 cut_filmhist.com :: All rights reserved:: zolokl
- 3. Cut! A History ofFilm Pre-1920’s Decades 1920-1930 1940-1950 1960-1970 1980’s-Today Home History Ethics Theory Chat Room Games Reference About
- 4. Pre-20’s Pre-1920’s In 1879 Eadweard Muybridge invented the Zoopraxiscope “a motion picture machine that also recreated the illusion of movement/animation by projecting images-quickly displayed in succession-onto a screen from photos printed on a rotating glass disc”. When people watched the 1920-1930 projected, sequential slides they saw the pictures and to them it looked as though the pictures were in motion. Edison built the first motion picture studio near his lab in New Jersey. He 1940-1950 dubbed it the Black Maria (back then this was a label used for police paddy wagon). This studio had an open roof and revolved to fallow the sun so that performers would appear to be illuminated during their performances. 1960-1970 The Lumpier brothers made the next step in film history. The brothers, Louis and Augste often dubbed the “founding fathers of film” worked in a Lyons factory that manufactured photographic equipment and supplies were 1980’s-Today inspired by Edison’s work. The brothers were ambitious an often dreamt of great wealth in their ability to increase the number of people who could view a movie simultaneously. In 1895 they patented their Cinematographe. This is a multi purpose device(combining camera, printer and projecting capabilities in the same housing). Home History Ethics Theory Chat Room Games Reference About
- 5. 1920’s-1930’s Thechange in Hollywood and movies during the twenties were affected by the invention of the television and sound. The first sound film was produced by Warner Brothers. Don Juan (1926) and The Jazz Singer (1927) had several sound and speaking scenes but were mostly silent. These films were known as Talkies. Because of sound, it made possible for new genres including musicals for example to be produced. Actors and actresses could really show their skills as an acting profession. Talkies created controversy because of their impact on culture. Kissing in film caused a stir. Government intervention was requested. In 1922 Hollywood responded by making the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of Pre-1920’s America (MPPDA). William Hays was appointed president. The Hays office took on the job of improving movies. In 1934 the Motion Picture Code (MPPC) was released. This code prohibited the use of profanity, sexual themes, poking fun at 1920-1930 leaders, and more. The fine carried was $25,000. The 1930’s had been labeled “The Golden Age of Hollywood”. The thirties brought advancement of color and sound at the end of the decade. In 1932 the 1940-1950 Depression affected movie goers and thus movie audiences decreased to 60 million. Because of new genres, the movie business was able to stay above water. Such films as musicals, gangster flicks, screwball comedies and horror. The Double Feature and the B-Movie (less expensive movie) helped strapped for cash movie goers make their buck stretch. By the end of the 1930’s weekly 1960-1970 attendance greatly increased to 80 million. Hollywood was producing 500 pictures a year. 1980’s-Today Home History Ethics Theory Chat Room Games Reference About
- 6. 1940’s 1950’s Themovie industry was popular during the 40’s, however when World War II began, war films were surfacing that contained some wartime propaganda films such as Casablanca (1942) and the Foreign Correspondent (1940). By the end of the War, the film industry wasn’t Pre-1920’s competing with television but with a more technologically and economically sophisticated medium. The 50’s was known for post war affluence and different choices of leisure time activities, Korean War, fast food, baby boom, TV dinners, older 1920-1930 audiences opted to stay home and watch the telly while the younger generation spent time socializing at the movies. Younger generations wanted new heroes and rebellion to see. James Dean, Paul Newman and Marlon Brando were what the audiences were waiting for. Many 1940-1950 teens enjoyed drive ins because of its outdoor atmosphere and the privacy of getting acquainted with their dates in the Hot Rods. Film attendance was declining due to the popularity of television viewing. In 1951, NBC became the first nationwide television network. After a few 1960-1970 years 50% of homes owned at least one television. Major studios began to sell to television their rights to pre-1948 films for viewing. In 1956, the Wizard of OZ (1939) was shown on television for the first time. Television stars began to break out into film roles. Movie studios 1980’s-Today also produced television shows. Directors who started out in television started to make Home History Ethics Theory Chat Room Games Reference About
- 7. 1960’s-1980’s Pre-1920’s The 60’s were a time of fun, fashion and social changes (Civil Rights) and cultural values. Because of declining audiences, major American film companies began to find other forms of entertainment. 1920-1930 airlines began to show in flight movies. on television there were nights when movies were shown on 1940-1950 television. By mid decade the average movie price was less then a dollar. Hollywood Walk of Fame was inducted in 1960. 1960-1970 • During the summers Blockbuster movies were coming out such as (1975) Jaws and (1977) Star Wars. The average price of a movie ticket was $1.68 and by 1978 it costs $2.50. Sony’s Batamax recorder came out. Video sales and rentals were becoming 1980’s-Today more and more popular. Home History Ethics Theory Chat Room Games Reference About
- 8. 1980’s, 1990’s andToday! • In the 80’s, special effects became a popular technology in this decade. The average ticket price was $3.00. In the eighties such block buster hits were E.T. (1982), The Empire Strikes Back (1980). • MTV began broadcasting music videos. Also in this decade Multi-Track Dolby Stereo Pre-1920’s sound and Dolby SR was designed to produce higher quality of sound, noise reduction, surround sound and other special effects. • In 1990’s audience numbers were up. The average ticket price was $4.25. The VCR 1920-1930 was still popular and thus video rental franchise were still doing well. By 1997, the first Digital Video Disk (DVD) had emerged in stores.. In 1993 Jurassic park was the first movie that had DTS sound, Forrest Gump (1997) used digital photography to insert 1940-1950 dated photos of historical figures. Star Wars I: The Phantom Menace (1999) included characters that were entirely digitally made such as Jar Jar Binks. 1960-1970 • Independent films such as Blair Witch Project (1999) were hyped up as a true account of film students that get lost in the woods and have encounters with a spirit of the Blair Witch. The highest paid actress for the 1990’s was Julia Roberts who starred in Pretty Woman (1990), Runaway Bride (1999) Step mom (1998), and Erin Brockovich (2000) 1980’s-Today which won her an Oscar. The highest paid actor was Tom Cruise who starred in A Few Good Men (1992), Interview with the Vampire (1994) and Jerry Maguire (1996). Home History Ethics Theory Chat Room Games Reference About
- 9. Theory Genre Theory: Home Genre Theory is used to categorize films and use a short cut into how we describe film . Genre theory is a good way of History marketing a film for the producers and for the audience. Genres are based on various factors such as story line, whom Ethics the director is, what are the audience expectations are. In the same way animals are divided reptiles, mammals, etc., films may be divided into comedy, tragedy, and melodrama. Theory Genres are made not born. Viewers see films because they expect they will be enjoyable. Genre can be put into sub genre Chat Room such as “spoof”.Genres can cross over, for example romantic genre and comedy genre film can be translated into a “romantic comedy”. Or a suspense and Comedy can be mixed Games to “dark comedy”. The problem with genre are that categories are not clearly defined, genres change over time thus losing Reference different groups of viewers. About
- 10. Ethics Home • The Red Scare History • In the 40’s after the war, Members of congress were concerned that communism would steal people’s rights. This chapter in Hollywood’s history was called McCarthyism (after Wisconsin Republican senator Joseph McCarthy). This was led Ethics by the HUAC (House Un American Activities Committee. The HUAC was first active in 1947. The goal of HUAC was to rid Hollywood of Communist influence. People feared that socialist, communist, and leftist propaganda was being Theory inserted secretly in entertainment by “Reds”, “fellow travelers, and “Pinkos”. • Many of the film industry’s famous and biggest names Chat Room were called to testify before the committee and asked “Are you now or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party”? Those who came be known as the Hollywood 10, including writers Ring Lardner, Jr, and Dalton Trumbo, and Games director Edward Dmytryk refused to answer the question. They then went on to accuse the committee of violating their Bill of Rights. All of the Hollywood Ten were jailed. Rather than defend its First Amendment rights , the film industry Reference abandoned those who were even mildly critical of the “red scare”, upsetting most of its best talent when at time when they could not afford to do so. In 1958 the ban was lifted. About
- 11. •Music Home •“ Stars Wars Theme” curtesy of midi file from Midi.com •www.library.ucla.edu/.../ •“Always on Time” by Ashanti archives/blacklst.htm and Ja Rlue. Concrete Rose. History •www.Google.com INC Records. 2004 •www.dvaudio.net/ •“Video Killed the Radio Star” •www-stu.trinhall.cam.ac.uk/ by Buggles . Age of Plastic. societies/theft/ Empire Records. 1980 Ethics •300 x 298 pixels - 28k •Homer Simpson “duh” is a ovilacondense.blogspot.com/ trade mark of the Simpsons, 2004_01_01_ovilaco... 2004 •www.homevideos.com/ revclas/28.htm Theory • www.englishresources.co.uk/.../ cdimage.gif •www.chainsawsally.org/.../ Chat Room desks/posters/jaws.jpg • Resources •www.buyrite1.com/ turboduo/batman.jpg •Baran, Stanley,Introduction to Mass •www.thezreview.co.uk/ Communication, posters/p/prettywoman.htm •Third Edition 2004 Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Games • www.mikesjournal.com/ New York, New York Passion%20of%20the%20Chr... •www.colostate.edu/Depts/Speec •www.musicals101.com/ h...http://web. News/jazz_singer.jpg •www.livejournal.com/.../ Reference •www.victorian-cinema.net/ 360980.html?mode=reply zoopraxiscope.jpg •www.main-vision.com/richard/genre.shtml •www.idanda.net/images/ editorial/04/Lois/ About
- 12. Cut! A History of Home Film About History • Karen Lynn Zolo is studying Ethics Professional Communication. She hopes this website will educate young students who are interested in the film Theory industry and encourage students to further their education. Chat Room Games Reference About Copyright 2004 cut_filmhist.com :: All rights reserved:: zolokl