For my BA work I designed a website prototype on history of film.

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Cut! A History of Film
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2. Cut! A
History of Search: Home
Film
Cut! Web
History
Private Policy
& Copyright Info Ethics
This website (www.cit_filmhist.com) is the Theory
responsibility of Karen Lynn Zolo Karen
Zolo is responsible for maintain accurate
and secure for public use. This site is for Chat Room
educational purposes. The material on this
site was reproduced for the enjoyment,
review, and learning process. The images Games
contained are property of websites that are
referenced on this site. This site doesn’t
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have the license to sell or borrow material
to users. Copyright covers all entities of
this site. Please email with any questions
About
at zolokl@alverno.edu
Copyright 2004 cut_filmhist.com :: All rights reserved:: zolokl

3. Cut! A History
of Film
Pre-1920’s
Decades
1920-1930
1940-1950
1960-1970
1980’s-Today
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4. Pre-20’s
Pre-1920’s
In 1879 Eadweard Muybridge invented the Zoopraxiscope “a motion picture
machine that also recreated the illusion of movement/animation by
projecting images-quickly displayed in succession-onto a screen from
photos printed on a rotating glass disc”. When people watched the
1920-1930
projected, sequential slides they saw the pictures and to them it looked
as though the pictures were in motion.
Edison built the first motion picture studio near his lab in New Jersey. He 1940-1950
dubbed it the Black Maria (back then this was a label used for police
paddy wagon). This studio had an open roof and revolved to fallow the
sun so that performers would appear to be illuminated during their
performances. 1960-1970
The Lumpier brothers made the next step in film history. The brothers, Louis
and Augste often dubbed the “founding fathers of film” worked in a Lyons
factory that manufactured photographic equipment and supplies were 1980’s-Today
inspired by Edison’s work. The brothers were ambitious an often dreamt
of great wealth in their ability to increase the number of people who
could view a movie simultaneously. In 1895 they patented their
Cinematographe. This is a multi purpose device(combining camera,
printer and projecting capabilities in the same housing).
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5. 1920’s-1930’s
The change in Hollywood and movies during the twenties were affected by the
invention of the television and sound. The first sound film was produced by
Warner Brothers. Don Juan (1926) and The Jazz Singer (1927) had several sound
and speaking scenes but were mostly silent. These films were known as Talkies.
Because of sound, it made possible for new genres including musicals for
example to be produced. Actors and actresses could really show their skills as an
acting profession. Talkies created controversy because of their impact on culture.
Kissing in film caused a stir. Government intervention was requested. In 1922
Hollywood responded by making the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of
Pre-1920’s
America (MPPDA). William Hays was appointed president. The Hays office took
on the job of improving movies. In 1934 the Motion Picture Code (MPPC) was
released. This code prohibited the use of profanity, sexual themes, poking fun at
1920-1930
leaders, and more. The fine carried was $25,000.
The 1930’s had been labeled “The Golden Age of Hollywood”. The thirties
brought advancement of color and sound at the end of the decade. In 1932 the 1940-1950
Depression affected movie goers and thus movie audiences decreased to 60
million. Because of new genres, the movie business was able to stay above water.
Such films as musicals, gangster flicks, screwball comedies and horror. The
Double Feature and the B-Movie (less expensive movie) helped strapped for
cash movie goers make their buck stretch. By the end of the 1930’s weekly 1960-1970
attendance greatly increased to 80 million. Hollywood was producing 500 pictures
a year.
1980’s-Today
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6. 1940’s 1950’s
The movie industry was popular during the 40’s, however when World War
II began, war films were surfacing that contained some wartime
propaganda films such as Casablanca (1942) and the Foreign
Correspondent (1940). By the end of the War, the film industry wasn’t Pre-1920’s
competing with television but with a more technologically and
economically sophisticated medium.
The 50’s was known for post war affluence and different choices of leisure
time activities, Korean War, fast food, baby boom, TV dinners, older 1920-1930
audiences opted to stay home and watch the telly while the younger
generation spent time socializing at the movies. Younger generations
wanted new heroes and rebellion to see. James Dean, Paul Newman
and Marlon Brando were what the audiences were waiting for. Many 1940-1950
teens enjoyed drive ins because of its outdoor atmosphere and the
privacy of getting acquainted with their dates in the Hot Rods.
Film attendance was declining due to the popularity of television viewing. In
1951, NBC became the first nationwide television network. After a few 1960-1970
years 50% of homes owned at least one television. Major studios
began to sell to television their rights to pre-1948 films for viewing. In
1956, the Wizard of OZ (1939) was shown on television for the first
time. Television stars began to break out into film roles. Movie studios 1980’s-Today
also produced television shows. Directors who started out in television
started to make
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7. 1960’s-1980’s
Pre-1920’s
The 60’s were a time of fun, fashion and social
changes (Civil Rights) and cultural values. Because of
declining audiences, major American film companies
began to find other forms of entertainment. 1920-1930
airlines began to show in flight movies. on television
there were nights when movies were shown on 1940-1950
television. By mid decade the average movie price
was less then a dollar. Hollywood Walk of Fame was
inducted in 1960.
1960-1970
• During the summers Blockbuster movies were
coming out such as (1975) Jaws and (1977) Star
Wars. The average price of a movie ticket was $1.68
and by 1978 it costs $2.50. Sony’s Batamax recorder
came out. Video sales and rentals were becoming
1980’s-Today
more and more popular.
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8. 1980’s, 1990’s and Today!
•
In the 80’s, special effects became a popular technology in this decade. The
average ticket price was $3.00. In the eighties such block buster hits were E.T.
(1982), The Empire Strikes Back (1980).
• MTV began broadcasting music videos. Also in this decade Multi-Track Dolby Stereo Pre-1920’s
sound and Dolby SR was designed to produce higher quality of sound, noise
reduction, surround sound and other special effects.
• In 1990’s audience numbers were up. The average ticket price was $4.25. The VCR
1920-1930
was still popular and thus video rental franchise were still doing well. By 1997, the first
Digital Video Disk (DVD) had emerged in stores.. In 1993 Jurassic park was the first
movie that had DTS sound, Forrest Gump (1997) used digital photography to insert 1940-1950
dated photos of historical figures. Star Wars I: The Phantom Menace (1999) included
characters that were entirely digitally made such as Jar Jar Binks.
1960-1970
• Independent films such as Blair Witch Project (1999) were hyped up as a true account
of film students that get lost in the woods and have encounters with a spirit of the Blair
Witch. The highest paid actress for the 1990’s was Julia Roberts who starred in Pretty
Woman (1990), Runaway Bride (1999) Step mom (1998), and Erin Brockovich (2000) 1980’s-Today
which won her an Oscar. The highest paid actor was Tom Cruise who starred in A Few
Good Men (1992), Interview with the Vampire (1994) and Jerry Maguire (1996).
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9. Theory
Genre Theory:
Home
Genre Theory is used to categorize films and use a short cut
into how we describe film . Genre theory is a good way of History
marketing a film for the producers and for the audience.
Genres are based on various factors such as story line, whom
Ethics
the director is, what are the audience expectations are. In the
same way animals are divided reptiles, mammals, etc., films
may be divided into comedy, tragedy, and melodrama. Theory
Genres are made not born. Viewers see films because they
expect they will be enjoyable. Genre can be put into sub genre
Chat Room
such as “spoof”.Genres can cross over, for example romantic
genre and comedy genre film can be translated into a
“romantic comedy”. Or a suspense and Comedy can be mixed Games
to “dark comedy”. The problem with genre are that categories
are not clearly defined, genres change over time thus losing
Reference
different groups of viewers.
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10. Ethics Home
• The Red Scare
History
• In the 40’s after the war, Members of congress were
concerned that communism would steal people’s rights. This
chapter in Hollywood’s history was called McCarthyism (after
Wisconsin Republican senator Joseph McCarthy). This was led Ethics
by the HUAC (House Un American Activities Committee. The
HUAC was first active in 1947. The goal of HUAC was to rid
Hollywood of Communist influence. People feared that
socialist, communist, and leftist propaganda was being Theory
inserted secretly in entertainment by “Reds”, “fellow travelers,
and “Pinkos”.
• Many of the film industry’s famous and biggest names
Chat Room
were called to testify before the committee and asked “Are you
now or have you ever been a member of the Communist
Party”? Those who came be known as the Hollywood 10,
including writers Ring Lardner, Jr, and Dalton Trumbo, and Games
director Edward Dmytryk refused to answer the question. They
then went on to accuse the committee of violating their Bill of
Rights. All of the Hollywood Ten were jailed. Rather than
defend its First Amendment rights , the film industry Reference
abandoned those who were even mildly critical of the “red
scare”, upsetting most of its best talent when at time when they
could not afford to do so. In 1958 the ban was lifted.
About

11. •Music Home
•“ Stars Wars Theme” curtesy of
midi file from Midi.com
•www.library.ucla.edu/.../ •“Always on Time” by Ashanti
archives/blacklst.htm and Ja Rlue. Concrete Rose. History
•www.Google.com INC Records. 2004
•www.dvaudio.net/ •“Video Killed the Radio Star”
•www-stu.trinhall.cam.ac.uk/ by Buggles . Age of Plastic.
societies/theft/ Empire Records. 1980 Ethics
•300 x 298 pixels - 28k •Homer Simpson “duh” is a
ovilacondense.blogspot.com/ trade mark of the Simpsons,
2004_01_01_ovilaco... 2004
•www.homevideos.com/ revclas/28.htm
Theory
• www.englishresources.co.uk/.../
cdimage.gif
•www.chainsawsally.org/.../ Chat Room
desks/posters/jaws.jpg • Resources
•www.buyrite1.com/ turboduo/batman.jpg •Baran, Stanley,Introduction to Mass
•www.thezreview.co.uk/ Communication,
posters/p/prettywoman.htm •Third Edition 2004 Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Games
• www.mikesjournal.com/ New York, New York
Passion%20of%20the%20Chr... •www.colostate.edu/Depts/Speec
•www.musicals101.com/ h...http://web.
News/jazz_singer.jpg •www.livejournal.com/.../ Reference
•www.victorian-cinema.net/ 360980.html?mode=reply
zoopraxiscope.jpg •www.main-vision.com/richard/genre.shtml
•www.idanda.net/images/
editorial/04/Lois/ About

12. Cut! A
History of Home
Film
About History
• Karen Lynn Zolo is studying Ethics
Professional Communication. She
hopes this website will educate young
students who are interested in the film Theory
industry and encourage students to
further their education.
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Copyright 2004 cut_filmhist.com :: All rights reserved:: zolokl