Mountaineering is a physical activity that involves trying to reach the summit of mountains. It includes rock climbing and ski mountaineering. The earliest recorded mountaineering expedition was in 1786 when Dr. Michel-Gabriel Paccard and Jacques Balmat climbed Mont Blanc, the highest peak in Western Europe. Recreational mountaineering and mountourism, which is tourism in mountains, have become popular activities. Hazards include man-made hazards from lack of preparation and natural hazards from environmental factors. Mountains are classified based on height and difficulty of climb.

1. MOUNTAINEERING

2. MOUNTAINEERING
A physical activity where participants
try to reach the summit of a mountain.
It refers to the sport of mountain
climbing, which includes rock climbing
and ski mountaineering.

3. MOUNTAINEERING
It is also called alpinism (climbing the
mountains in the Alps in Europe)
According to Mountaineering of the
Philippines, it is a physical and mental
activity that requires skills, experience,
common sense, and guts in ascending
and descending mountains.

4. History of Mountaineering
Ever since people climb mountains initially for
economic gain and survival, and sometimes, to
fulfill their spiritual needs.
During the 18th century when people began in
climbing mountain not for economic or spiritual
needs, but for scientific studies.

5. History of Mountaineering
Earliest record mountaineering sports activity
happened in 17 86, when Dr. Michel-Gabriel
Paccard and his porter, Jacques Balmat, climed
the Mont Blanc, the tallest peak in Western
Europe.
It become more popular when Sir Edmund
Hillary and Tenzing Norgay conquered Mt.
Everest – considered as the heighest peak in
the world.- in 1953.

6. In the Philippines, early Filipinos had been
traversing mountains centuries before European
colonizers set foot in the archipelago.
The earliest record of mountaineering in the
country was in 1852 when Don Jose Oyanguren,
then governor of Davao, aimed to climb Mt. Apo.
He organize a group and climb the mountain,
but they failed because of the difficulty in the
ascent.

7. The same thing happened years after to another
Davao governor, known only as “Real”.
It was only 1880 that the summit of Mt. Apo was
finally reached. This was led by another
governor of Davao, Don Joaquin Rajal Together
with Father Mateo Gisbert and Dr. Joseph
Montano with the help o Baobos, the indigenous
people in the area.
According to Mountaineering of the Phil., the
golden years of mountaineering were during the
1990’s, even as mountaineering is very popular
nowadays.

8. Recreational Mountaineering
and Mountourism
Mountaineering as recreational activity, when
you climb the mountains, you experience
nature firsthand. You witness the beauty of
the natural environment. You learn to
commune with nature.
Mountourism essentially means “tourism in
mountains”. One of the famous mountourism
destination in the country is the Mt. Pulag of
Mountain Province.

9. Health Benefits of Mountaineering
 Mountain walking is considered a vigorous-intensity
physical activity as it requires greater aerobic
performance and workload compared to walking on
level paths.
 Vigorous -intensity physical activities are recommended
for maximum cardiovascular protection. Regular
moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activities
(MVPA’s)-mountaineering, included – are known too
reduce risk factors for various diseases.

10. Health Benefits of Mountaineering
 It also develop musculoskeletal strength’ boost
metabolic, endocrine, and immune systems; and help in
reducing or maintaining body weight.
 It also has a positive impact to one’s mental health.
Experiencing the natural environment can reduces
stress, while walking you concentrate and become more
creative.

11. Hazards of Mountaineering
 Man-made Hazards
 also called subjective hazards, and they caused by lack of
preparation and carelessness. Poor judgment and unsound
decisions can also put one’s health and life in danger.
 Dehydration, falling, and overexertion are some common
consequences.
 Natural Hazards
 Caused by natural occurrences. Also called objective hazards.
 They are caused by the natural environment in the mountain and
by the weather. Examples: weather hazards, altitude, strong
winds, rock falls, and visibility.
 Dangerous animals and other organisms are also natural
hazards

12. Mountain Classifications
According to Difficulty
 Level I mountains are those whose height are 1000 meters
above sea level and below.
 Level II mountains, 1000-2000 meters above sea level
 Level III mountains, over 2000 meters above sea level
 To make classification more relevant, experts reconsidered
other mountain characteristics and trail difficulty,
Mountaineering of the Phil. Had accepted two local
classifications of mountain climb.
 Minor Climb – requires a maximum of a one-day hike to climb
the summit
 Major Climb – requires overnight stay or camping for several
days.

14. 1. ___________ is a physical activity where participants try to
reach the summit of a mountain.
2. ___________ climbing the mountains in the Alps in Europe
3. When does people began in climbing mountain not for
economic or spiritual needs, but for scientific studies.
4. Earliest record mountaineering sports activity happened the
year __________
5. The earliest record of mountaineering in the country was in
1852 when Don Jose Oyanguren, then governor of Davao,
aimed to climb Mt. _________
6. ____________ essentially means “tourism in mountains”.
7. ____________ are hazards caused by lack of preparation and
carelessness.
8. ____________ are hazards Caused by natural occurrences.
9. Give the 2 two local classifications of mountain climb