The document discusses various theories of motivation and ways to motivate employees. It covers classical theories focusing on money, behavioral theories that any attention increases productivity, and contemporary theories emphasizing good human relations. Specific theories covered include Maslow's hierarchy of needs, equity theory, and goal setting theory. The document also provides examples of programs companies use to enhance job satisfaction, such as reinforcement, participative management, and modified work schedules. Finally, it lists factors that are great motivators like meaningful work and good relationships, and tips for appreciating employees.

1. MOTIVATION CSH Pharma Group

2. Motivation The act or process of stimulating to action, providing an incentive or motive, especially for an act.

3. What Motivates you?

4. What Motivates Employees to Stay Career growth, learning, development Exciting work – challenge Meaningful work Great people Part of a team Good boss Recognition Fun Autonomy

5. Flexibility Fair pay & benefits Inspiring leadership Pride organization/mission/product quality Work environment Location Job security Family-friendly employer Cutting edge technology

6. Theories of motivation

7. Theories of motivation fall into three categories: Classical theory & scientific management Behavior theory Contemporary motivation theories

8. Classical Theory of Motivation Oldest theory of motivation (early 20th century) – asserts that workers are motivated only by money • suggested that employees would work harder if they were paid more they were paid more – and firms that found the most efficient methods of and firms that found the most efficient methods of production would do better than others – this became known as scientific management – led to a multitude of “time and motion ” studies to discover the optimal way to perform a task

9. Behaviour Theory • says that ANY attention paid to employees increases productivity – productivity goes up if employees think management is paying attention! • experimental studies found that: – increasing/decreasing lighting had same effect – changing pay did not improve productivity

10. Contemporary Motivation Theories • contemporary essentially means “modern” • these theories focus on importance of good human relations in motivating employees • several modern theories have arisen HR model: Theory X and Theory Y Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs two-factor theory expectancy theory equity theory goal setting theory

11. Human Resources Model McGregor studied managers’ attitudes toward human resources – discovered two broad types of attitudes Summarized them as – Theory X : people do not want to work and need incentives to do so • implies employees are basically lazy – Theory Y : hypothesizes that people are self-motivated and want to succeed • says people do not need to be forced to excel

12. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Model • says people have several levels of needs – physiological – security – social – esteem – self-actualization • Maslow said workers are motivated by their lowest level of unattained needs – e.g. once someone’s physiological needs are satisfied, they are motivated by their security needs

13. Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs.

14. • suggests that job satisfaction depends on two factors • hygiene factors hygiene relate to working conditions – good working conditions ensure that no dissatisfaction exists • motivating factors motivating relate to recognition, achievement, and responsibility – motivating factors enhance employee satisfaction Two-Factor Theory

15. Expectancy Theory • says people work toward goals they have a reasonable expectation of achieving – cannot motivate people with rewards for goals they do not expect to attain • three types of issues affect expectations: - effort-performance issues - performance-reward issues - rewards-personal goals issues

16. Equity Theory • focuses on the concept of “ fairness” • employees look at how they are treated on two fronts: – inputs vs. outputs: am I getting as much out of this job as I put into it? – am I getting as much out of my job as those who perform similar tasks for this firm? • employees who see themselves as being treated unfairly often act to “tip the scales”

17. Goal Setting Theory • strives to discover the types of goals that best motivate employees • two characteristics of effective goals: – they are difficult but attainable – they are specific: a quantifiable target is set • e.g. “increase output by 10% ” rather than rather than “do your best” • goals are most effective if employees have a hand in defining them

18. Enhancing Job Satisfaction & Morale • have to have to use knowledge about motivation – what can agribusinesses do to keep morale high & keep employees satisfied? • 6 types of programs are commonly used: – reinforcement/ behaviour modification – management by objectives – participative management – team management – job enrichment & job redesign – modified work schedules

19. • involves a system of rewards and punishments to elicit desired behaviour • reinforcement is associating specific outcomes with specific outcomes with specific behaviours – can be can be “positive positive” or “negative negative” • firms can also punish employees for improper or undesirable behaviour Modification Theory Reinforcement/Behaviour

20. • system of collaborative goal setting – extends from organization’s top to its bottom • involves managers & employees in setting goals and evaluating progress – employees feel more involved and empowered when they are part of decision making Management By Objectives

21. Participative Management • management philosophy whereby workers have a voice in management of the firm – help define their own jobs – participate in traditional management decisions • this can be a key method for empowering workers – helps them feel more important to the firm

22. Team Management • Employees may be given responsibility for making narrow decisions – e.g. how to divide tasks co-workers workers • workers also part of bigger decisions production scheduling – work procedures – hiring of new people

23. Job Enrichment & Job Redesign • job enrichment adds motivating factors to existing job activities – e.g. provide more responsibility or decision making authority • job redesign allows employees to reshape some of their duties to provide a better “ fit” – three common ways to do this: • combining tasks • forming natural workgroups • establishing client relationships

24. Modified Work Schedules • many firms allow flexible work schedules to accommodate a changing workforce 4 main types of modified work schedules: – flextime – compressed workweek – telecommuting – work share programs • modified work schedules help employees balance their personal & professional lives

25. Great Motivators • Full appreciation for job well done • Be part of decisions • Open communications • Interesting & meaningful work • Good relationships at work

26. Appreciate the Employee • Stress the positives • Say “Thank You!” • Praise workers for going the extra mile • Reward Employees – “You get what you reward” • Train-Train-Train

27. Include In Decisions • Ask how you can use more of their talents • Ask what they would change • Ask for their ideas and how you can put the ideas into action

28. Communicate! • Tell them exactly what you want – Then let them do it! • How can I help you succeed? • Discuss organization and individual goals – Ask about their goals • Share information – Let them know what is happening • Refuse to gossip

29. Meaningful Work • 75% of employees think they have a direct impact on organization’s success • Tell them how their job is important • Cross-train

30. Good Relationships At Work • Get to know your employees • Be sure everyone shares information • Apply the same standards to everyone • Continually stress equal, fair treatment for all • Celebrate! – Have fun!

31. Guidelines

32. Emphasize successes – not failure Deliver recognition/reward openly and publicize it Tailor recognition to needs of individual Immediate recognition Be honest and personal when you recognize performance Ensure direct connection between reward and effort Recognize those who recognize others

33. Rewards • Monetary – raise/bonus (merit/one time merit) • Administrative time off • Office party/brunch/luncheon • Certificates/mementos • Training opportunities

34. AND . . . Don’t Forget • Mentor employees • Coach employees • Discuss performance throughout the year