A CONCISE DESCRIPTION OF SOME OF THE FAMOUS MOVITATIONAL THEORY

1. MOTIVATION
• The term motivation derived from Latin word ‘Movere’
which means ‘move’ .
• Motivation means movement or motion, an inner state that
energizes, activates or moves and directs human behavior
towards goals.
• It is a need satisfying and goal seeking behavior.
• Motivation is a force that pushes people to work with a high
level of commitment and focus, even if things are going
against them.
• In short, motivation is the driving force behind human actions

2. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory:
– Proposed by Abraham Maslow, this theory suggests that people
are motivated to fulfill basic physiological needs (like food,
water, and shelter) before moving on to safety, social, esteem,
and self-actualization needs.
– It’s often depicted as a pyramid with five levels, where each
level represents a different need.
– For example, imagine a pyramid with the following levels (from
bottom to top):
• Physiological Needs: Basic survival needs.
• Safety Needs: Security, stability, and protection.
• Social Needs: Belongingness, friendship, and love.
• Esteem Needs: Self-esteem, recognition, and achievement.
• Self-Actualization: Fulfillment of one’s potential and
personal growth.

3. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory:
– Developed by Frederick Herzberg, this theory
distinguishes between two types of factors:
• Motivators: These create job satisfaction and include
aspects like achievement, responsibility, and personal
growth.
• Hygiene Factors: These prevent dissatisfaction and
include company policies, working conditions, and
salary.
– Herzberg emphasized that motivators are intrinsic
(internal) factors, while hygiene factors are
extrinsic (external) factors.

4. McClelland’s Needs Theory:
– David McClelland proposed that individuals have
three primary needs:
• Need for Achievement: Desire for success,
accomplishment, and overcoming challenges.
• Need for Affiliation: Desire for social connections and
relationships.
• Need for Power: Desire for influence, control, and
leadership.
– People’s dominant need influences their behavior
and motivation.

5. Alderfer’s ERG Theory:
– Clayton Alderfer condensed Maslow’s hierarchy
into three categories:
• Existence Needs: Similar to physiological and safety
needs.
• Relatedness Needs: Similar to social and esteem needs.
• Growth Needs: Similar to self-actualization.
– Unlike Maslow’s theory, Alderfer’s ERG theory
allows movement between categories.

6. CONCLUSION
• these theories provide valuable insights into
human motivation, but individual motivation
can vary significantly based on culture,
personality, and context