motherboard electronic components and their functionsOmprakash Chauhan
THE MOTHERBOARD
The main printed circuit board in a computer is known as the Motherboard. It is also known as System Board, Main Board or Printed Wired Board (PWB). Attached to it, we have numerous motherboard components that are crucial in the functioning of the computer.
The motherboard acts as the connection point where major computer components are attached to. It holds many of the crucial components of the system like the processor, memory, expansion slots and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC.
The type of motherboard installed in a PC has a great effect on system speed and expansion capabilities.
MOTHERBOARD COMPONENTS
The motherboard holds all the major logic components of the computer. Here we are going to see with no particular order, some of those major motherboard componets and their function in a computer or to be more precise in your computer.
CPU- Central Processing Unit
It is also known as the microprocessor or the processor. It is the brain of the computer, and it is responsible for fetching, decoding and executing program instructions as well as performing mathematical and logical calculations.
The processor chip is identified by the processor type and the manufacturer; and this information is usually inscribed on the processor chip e.g. Intel 386, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) 386, Cyrix 486, Pentium MMX, (old processor types) Intel Core 2Duo e.t.c.
If the processor chip is not on the motherboard, you can identify the processor socket as socket 1 to Socket 8, LGA 775 e.t.c. This can help you identify the processor that fits in the socket. For example a 486DX processor fits into Socket 3.
motherboard electronic components and their functionsOmprakash Chauhan
THE MOTHERBOARD
The main printed circuit board in a computer is known as the Motherboard. It is also known as System Board, Main Board or Printed Wired Board (PWB). Attached to it, we have numerous motherboard components that are crucial in the functioning of the computer.
The motherboard acts as the connection point where major computer components are attached to. It holds many of the crucial components of the system like the processor, memory, expansion slots and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC.
The type of motherboard installed in a PC has a great effect on system speed and expansion capabilities.
MOTHERBOARD COMPONENTS
The motherboard holds all the major logic components of the computer. Here we are going to see with no particular order, some of those major motherboard componets and their function in a computer or to be more precise in your computer.
CPU- Central Processing Unit
It is also known as the microprocessor or the processor. It is the brain of the computer, and it is responsible for fetching, decoding and executing program instructions as well as performing mathematical and logical calculations.
The processor chip is identified by the processor type and the manufacturer; and this information is usually inscribed on the processor chip e.g. Intel 386, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) 386, Cyrix 486, Pentium MMX, (old processor types) Intel Core 2Duo e.t.c.
If the processor chip is not on the motherboard, you can identify the processor socket as socket 1 to Socket 8, LGA 775 e.t.c. This can help you identify the processor that fits in the socket. For example a 486DX processor fits into Socket 3.
2. This lesson will show you how
motherboards work, how to identify various
kinds of motherboards, the importance of
chipsets, and how to install and
troubleshoot motherboards. By the end of
this lesson, you should be able to do the
following:
Explain how motherboards work
Identify the types of motherboards Upgrade
and install motherboards
Troubleshoot motherboard problems
3. Motherboard and It’s Classification
What is Motherboard?
Motherboard is the main component of the CPU
Backbone of the Computer
Functions of Motherboard
It integrates all Hardware components into one system
Allows all parts of your computer to receive power and
communicate with one another.
4. Computing Systems Week 2 -
Hardware 4
CPU Socket
USB
Audio
Keyboard &
Mouse
(PS/2)
Expansion
Slots (PCI
or PCI
Express)
Expansion
Slot (AGP or
PCI Express)
Disk drive
connectors
Power
supply
connector
RAM slots
Serial Port
Parallel
Port
5. Motherboard and It’s Classification
Speed
Upgrade Capabilities
Size and shape
Specifications
6. Motherboard and It’s Classification
Processor
socket
Memory
slot
PCI slots
ATX Power
connector
PCIe slot
SATA
connector
PATA/IDE
connector
Components of Motherboard
7. Motherboard and It’s Classification
CMOS
Battery
ISA
Slot
AGP
Slot
Components of Motherboard
8. Motherboard and It’s Classification
I/O Ports
PS/2
Port
VGA
Port
Serial
Port
Audio
Port
Parallel
Port
USB
Port
Ethernet
Port
I/O Ports
9. Motherboard and It’s Classification
Classification of Motherboard
Integrated Motherboard Non-Integrated Motherboard
10. Motherboard and It’s Classification
Integrated Motherboard
Components are in built in the
motherboard.
Designed for simplicity.
Draw backs
When one component in the
board is broken or stops
working you have to replace
the whole board
Cheaper to produce but more
expensive to repair.
11. Motherboard and It’s Classification
Non-Integrated Motherboard
The major assemblies like Video
circuitry, disk controllers, and
accessories are installed on the
Computer as expansion cards.
Can easily Identify the Non-integrated
motherboards by their expansion slots usually
occupied by one of the components.
Expansion card
12. A. Three primary characteristics
1. Form factor determines size of the
motherboard and general location of the
parts.
2. Chipset defines the type of processor
and RAM supported.
3. Built-in components determine
functionality and expandability of the
system.
B. The motherboard contains traces or
wires through which the data and
commands flow. Motherboards typically
have traces on multiple layers of the
board.
14. When you first turn on your PC
◦ Your PC requires information
to detect PC components
To find the operating system(floppy disk, hard drive,
or a CD-ROM)
◦ This information is stored in the BIOS
15.
16. When a computer is turned on, the microprocessor has no
idea what to do next as there is nothing at all in the
memory to execute, it tries to execute its first instruction
and it has to get the instruction from somewhere.
BIOS provides those instructions and it is stored in a BIOS
ROM.
The instruction typically located at memory location FFFF0h,
or right at the end of the system memory
This process is known as booting, or booting up, which is
short for bootstrapping
The whole process is hidden because the only thing
displayed by the monitor is the logo of the machine
manufacturer or the logo of the bios company.
17. Power-on Self Test ( POST ) - Takes place right after you
power on. It will test computer hardware, ensuring
hardware is properly functioning before starting
process of loading operating system. If the POST is
successful, the BIOS calls INT 19 (Interrupt 19) and
then proceeds to look for devices attached to the
motherboard.
Bootstrap Loader - Process of locating the operating
system. If capable operating system located, BIOS will
pass the control to it.
18. 1. Tests the system and prepares the computer for
operation based on CMOS settings (installed hardware
and the configuration settings from the manufacturer
and user)
2. Load the interrupt handlers and device drivers
Interrupt handlers - Small pieces of software that act as a
translator between the hardware components and the operating
system.
Device drivers – other pieces of software that identify the base
hardware components such as keyboard, mouse, hard drive or
floppy drive.
3. Initialize registers and power management
19. Configuring BIOS - CMOS Setup
During the initial start up or the boot sequence, you
will notice a sentence
Press ____ to Enter Setup. Most system use Esc, Del,
F1, F2 or combination of keys to enter Setup menu.
This will cause the boot process to be diverted into
the CMOS configuration. CMOS contains stored
configuration regarding how the system is to be
booted.
20. It is configuration program that allows you to
configure hardware settings including system
settings such as boot sequence, computer
passwords, time and date.
25. Every desktop computer
uses an operating system.
The operating system
forms a platform for other
system software and
application software
The most popular
operating systems in use
today are:
Windows from Microsoft
Mac OS from Apple
UNIX / LINUX
26. There are three basic elements that make up
the major design components of any operating
system:
User interface
Kernel
File management system
