MOOC stands for Massive Open Online Course. The document discusses the definition of a MOOC, the types which include connectivist and instructivist approaches, and the historical background including the first MOOC in 2008. MOOC course categories can range from subjects like chemistry to humanities to technology. Course lengths vary from 1 week to 52 weeks, with estimated student effort being 1-20 hours per week. The author's main field of interest in MOOCs is project management basics.