This monthly report summarizes Nuttapon Khongdee's work on analyzing heavy metal content, pH, EC, and organic carbon levels in different soil types before planting. Soil samples were tested for pH, EC, and organic carbon using calibrated instruments and standard procedures. Results are displayed in tables showing mean and standard deviation values for each soil type and treatment. The report also discusses initial work on characterizing citral oil nanoemulsions, including how formulation components like HLB value, homogenization speed, and oil/surfactant ratio influence particle size and stability over time. Future work is planned to analyze the nanoemulsions' antibacterial and antifungal activities.

1. Nuttapon Khongdee
Monthly Report
July 12, 2022
Advisor: Distinguished Professor Dr. Yao-Tung Lin
Muhammad Imran

2. Outline
• Heavy metal soil pH before planting/sowing
• Heavy metal soil EC
• Measurement of soil organic carbon
• Soil organic carbon
• Soil organic matter
• Citral oil nanoemulsion (Characteristics)
• Citral oil nanoemulsion (Anti-bacterial activity)
• Citral oil nanoemulsion (Anti-fungal activity)
• Future Work
2

3. 3
Soil pH
Calibration 4.00 7.00 10.00
pH 4.009 7.014 10.005
pH - 1:5
pH meter
Model-2300

4. Soil
type
CK CK-N
CWB SBB RSB RHB PLB
2% 10% 2% 10% 2% 10% 2% 10% 2% 10%
W 4.7±0.2 6.4±0.01 5.4±0.1 6.9±0.5 5.6±0.1 6.6±0.3 5.5±0.3 7.3±0.4 5.9±0.1 6.5±0.3 7.1±0.5 8.1±0.5
L 4.4±0.1 5.0±0.2 6.4±0.4 7.4±0.5 7.0±0.1 6.0±0.1 6.5±0.3 7.5±0.1 5.1±0.1 6.7±0.1 5.8±0.1 8.5±0.2
R 5.1±0.1 6.4±0.2 5.8±0.3 7.2±0.6 5.9±0.4 5.0±0.2 5.6±0.2 6.0±0.6 5.5±0.2 4.6±0.1 5.8±0.5 6.1±0.1
A 4.7±0.1 8.6±0.02 6.9±0.4 7.9±0.1 6.2±0.2 6.4±0.1 6.5±0.4 7.5±0.4 6.2±0.3 6.6±0.3 7.0±0.3 8.1±0.4
F 4.9±0.4 6.5±0.4 6.4±0.5 7.8±0.3 6.4±0.2 6.8±0.1 6.1±0.3 7.3±0.2 5.3±0.1 6.5±0.2 5.7±0.2 6.2±0.04
Soil pH
4
Table 1. Soil pH measurement before planting

5. Soil
type
CK CK-N
CWB SBB RSB RHB PLB
2% 10% 2% 10% 2% 10% 2% 10% 2% 10%
W
0.014±0
.003
0.0024±0
.0001
0.016±0.0
02
0.018±0
.00001
0.005±0.0
01
0.008±0.00
02
0.014±0.
003
0.014±0.0
03
0.0075±0.
001
0.0096±0.0
01
0.00002±0
.000002
0.00003±0.
000004
L
0.014±0
.001
0.0030±0
.0006
0.015±0.0
01
0.007±0
.001
0.005±0.0
002
0.009±0.00
3
0.008±0.
001
0.019±0.0
01
0.0061±0.
0003
0.0045±0.0
06
0.00004±0
.00001
0.019±0.01
R
0.011±0
.002
0.0028±0
.0001
0.009±0.0
02
0.018±0
.001
0.004±0.0
003
0.00002±0.
000002
0.018±0.
001
0.00004±0
.00002
0.0155±0.
001
0.00003±0.
000003
0.00003±0
.00001
0.00003±0.
000003
A
0.015±0
.002
0.0045±0
.0002
0.005±0.0
01
0.017±0
.001
0.007±0.0
001
0.009±0.00
1
0.015±0.
002
0.013±0.0
03
0.006±0.0
003
0.006±0.00
04
0.014±0.0
01
0.007±0.00
1
F
0.013±0
.001
0.0012±0
.0001
0.010±0.0
01
0.019±0
.0002
0.004±0.0
001
0.01±0.002
0.007±0.
001
0.00003±0
.000003
0.0061±0.
0006
0.007±0.00
1
0.015±0.0
01
0.001±0.00
1
Soil EC analysis
5
Table 2. Soil EC (ds/cm) measurement before planting

6. • Prepare a set of sucrose standards (0-8
mg C) in centrifuge tubes. Volumes of
sucrose standard and deionized/distilled
water corresponding to the mass of
organic carbon
• Add 2.0 mL 10% K2Cr2O7 (0.34 M)
solution and mix.
• Add 5.0 mL H2SO4, cool and stand for
30.0 minutes.
Preparation of Standards curve
6
Table 3. Standard Preparation

7. y = 0.0618x
R² = 0.9997
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Absorbance OC (mg)
SOC
Conc.
(ml)
O.C. (mg) Abs
0.00 0 0
0.25 1 0.062
0.50 2 0.128
0.75 3 0.188
1.00 4 0.248
1.25 5 0.31
1.50 6 0.375
1.75 7 0.433
2.00 8 0.489
Measurement for SOC
• Read the absorbance of the calibration standards and samples
in a spectrophotometer set at 600 nm wave length.
• To convert OC to OM should be multiply by 1.72
(Van Bemelen factor). 7

8. • Weigh 0.5 g soil sample
• Add 2.0 mL 10% (0.34 M) K2Cr2O7 solution and mix
• Add 5.0 mL H2SO4, cool and stand for 30.0 minutes
• Add 20.0 mL water to the tube
• Mix and stand overnight.
Preparation of Samples
8

9. Soil
type
CK CK-N
CWB SBB RSB RHB PLB
2% 10% 2% 10% 2% 10% 2% 10% 2% 10%
W
1.76 ±
0.13
1.64 ±
0.05
1.33 ±
0.02
1.38 ±
0.00
2.06 ±
0.08
1.68 ±
0.03
1.84 ±
0.12
2.37 ±
0.13
1.66 ±
0.02
2.13 ± 0.02
2.86 ±
0.03
3.66 ± 0.03
L
1.63 ±
0.10
1.53 ±
0.05
1.31 ±
0.01
1.84 ±
0.03
1.68 ±
0.03
2.42 ±
0.13
1.67 ±
0.04
2.39 ±
0.14
1.31 ±
0.01
2.01 ± 0.03
2.26 ±
0.02
3.45 ±
0.06
R
1.61 ±
0.05
1.54 ±
0.07
1.34 ±
0.00
1.77 ±
0.02
1.79 ±
0.07
2.09 ±0.04
1.83 ±
0.05
2.34 ±
0.04
1.61 ±
0.10
2.19 ± 0.04
2.76 ±
0.17
3.77 ± 0.06
A
2.86 ±
0.05
1.69 ±
0.05
1.61 ±
0.02
2.13 ±
0.05
2.45 ±
0.02
2.68 ±
0.05
1.97 ±
0.06
2.38 ±
0.10
1.55 ±
0.09
2.39 ± 0.17
2.67 ±
0.15
4.12 ± 0.29
F
1.93 ±
0.13
1.95 ±
0.07
2.15 ±
0.02
2.47 ±
0.02
2.34 ±
0.16
2.76 ±
0.05
2.09 ±
0.12
2.62 ±
0.19
1.76 ±
0.02
2.49 ± 0.06
3.02 ±
0.03
4.29 ± 0.11
Soil organic carbon
9
Table 5. Measurement of soil organic carbon before planting

10. Soil
type
CK CK-N
CWB SBB RSB RHB PLB
2% 10% 2% 10% 2% 10% 2% 10% 2% 10%
W
3.02 ±
0.23
2.82 ±
0.09
2.29 ±
0.03
2.37 ±
0.01
3.54 ±
0.14
4.60 ±
0.12
3.17 ±
0.20
4.08 ±
0.22
2.86 ±
0.03
3.66 ±
0.03
3.58 ±
0.26
4.08 ±
0.09
L
2.80 ±
0.18
2.63 ±
0.09
2.26 ±
0.02
3.17 ±
0.06
2.89 ±
0.06
4.16 ±
0.22
2.88 ±
0.06
4.12 ±
0.24
2.26 ±
0.02
3.45 ±
0.06
2.95 ±
0.10
3.38 ±
0.47
R
2.76 ±
0.09
2.65 ±
0.12
2.30 ±
0.01
3.04 ±
0.03
3.08 ±
0.12
3.60 ±
0.06
3.15 ±
0.09
4.03 ±
0.06
2.76 ±
0.17
3.77 ±
0.06
2.97 ±
0.12
3.82 ±
0.45
A
3.19 ±
0.09
2.91 ±
0.09
2.76 ±
0.03
3.66 ±
0.03
4.21 ±
0.03
4.60 ±
0.09
3.40 ±
0.11
4.10 ±
0.17
2.67 ±
0.15
4.12 ±
0.29
3.30 ±
0.09
4.14 ±
0.23
F
3.32 ±
0.23
3.36 ±
0.12
3.69 ±
0.03
4.25 ±
0.03
4.03 ±
0.13
4.75 ±
0.09
3.60 ±
0.21
4.51 ±
0.33
3.02 ±
0.03
4.29 ±
0.11
3.71 ±
0.09
4.75 ±
0.21
Soil organic matter
10
Table 6. Measurement of soil organic before planting

11. 11
Manuscript Results and Discussion

12. 12
Formulations of citral oil nanoemulsion
Formulation
Name
Water
(g)
Oil
(g)
Span 80
(g)
Tween 80
(g)
Speed
(rpm)
Time
(min)
A 96.4 0.6 2.05 0.95 13000 10
B 85.0 9.0 3.36 2.64 13000 10
C 85.0 9.0 4.10 1.90 13000 10
D 82.0 15..0 1.68 1.32 13000 10
Table 1. Different formulations of citral nanoemulsion

13. 0
50
100
150
200
250
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
182.6
172.4 171.1
156.4 155.9 153.5
147.8
98.6
Particle
size
(nm)
HLB value
HLB value
(a)
13
1. Characteristics of citral oil nanoemulsion
Fig 1. Characteristics (a) Effect of HLB on particle size of citral nanoemulsion.

14. 14
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
5000 8000 11000 13000
332.3
171.1
142.5
133.7
Particle
size
(nm)
(c)
Speed of homogenization (rpm)
1. Characteristics of citral oil nanoemulsion
Fig 1. Characteristics (b) Effect of particle size on intensity of nanoemulsion. (c) Effect of
speed of homogenization on the particle size of citral nanoemulsion.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1 10 100 1000 10
4
5000 rpm
8000 rpm
11000 rpm
13000 rpm
Intensity
(%)
Particle size (nm)
(b)

15. 15
0
100
200
300
400
1:5 3:2 5:1
77.2
159.0
373.9
Particle
size
(nm)
Oil and surfactant ratio
(e)
1. Characteristics of citral oil nanoemulsion
Fig 1. Characteristics (d) Effect of particle size (nm) on intensity of surfactants
nanoemulsions.(e) Effect of oil and surfactant ratio on the particle size (nm) of
nanoemulsion oil droplets.
0
5
10
15
1 10 100 1000 10
4
oil:surfactant = 1:5
oil:surfactant = 3:2
oil:surfactant = 5:1
Intensity
(%)
Particle size (nm)
(d)

16. 16
0
100
200
300
400
500
A B C D
Treatments
0 day
9 months
Particle
size
(nm)
0
100
200
300
400
500
A B C D
Treatments
0 day
9 months
(f)
1. Characteristics of citral oil nanoemulsion
Fig 1. Characteristics (f) Effect of nanoemulsion on long term stability of particle size.

17. 1
10
100
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
control 71.25 ppm 142.5 ppm
285 ppm 570 ppm
Time (min)
Amount
of
bacteria
(log)
y = 10^((-1.1*(1-exp(-0.0050...
Error
Value
NA
1.861e+10
Chisq
NA
0.7163
R
2
y = 10^((-4.5*(1-exp(-0.0040...
Error
Value
NA
1.675e+10
Chisq
NA
0.8683
R
2
y = 10^((-5.4*(1-exp(-0.0090...
Error
Value
NA
2.199e+10
Chisq
NA
0.3991
R
2
y = 10^((-5.35*(1-exp(-0.020...
Error
Value
NA
1.462e+7
Chisq
NA
0.9998
R
2
(a)
(E.Coli)
1
10
100
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
control 71.25 ppm 142.5 ppm
285 ppm 570 ppm
Time (min)
Amount
of
bacteria
(log)
(b)
(S.aureus)
Anti-bacteria activity
Fig 2. Anti-bacterial activity (a) Dosage effect of citral nanoemulsion E. coli. (b) Dosage effect of citral
nanoemulsion S. aureus.
2. Anti-bacterial activity
17

18. 18
1
10
100
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
control 100 nm 200 nm 300 nm
400 nm
Time (min)
Amount
of
bacteria
(log)
y = 10^((-5.5*(1-exp(-0.0033...
Error
Value
NA
4.446e+9
Chisq
NA
0.8841
R
2
y = 10^((-5.3*(1-exp(-0.0045...
Error
Value
NA
9.093e+9
Chisq
NA
0.6997
R
2
y = 10^((-5.3*(1-exp(-0.0047...
Error
Value
NA
3.939e+8
Chisq
NA
0.988
R
2
y = 10^((-5.3*(1-exp(-0.0060...
Error
Value
NA
2.381e+8
Chisq
NA
0.9935
R
2
(c)
(E.Coli)
1
10
100
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
control 100 nm 200 nm 300 nm
400 nm
Time (min)
Amount
of
bacteria
(log)
y = 10^((-5
Chisq
R
2
y = 10^((-
Chisq
R
2
y = 10^((-
Chisq
R
2
y = 10^(
Chisq
R
2
(d)
(S.aureus)
2. Anti-bacterial activity
Fig 2. (c) Particle size effect of citral nanoemulsion on E. coli. (d) Particle size effect of citral
nanoemulsion on S. aureus.

19. 1
100
10
4
10
6
10
8
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
10
5
CFU/mL
10
6
CFU/mL
10
7
CFU/mL
10
8
CFU/mL
Time (min)
Amount
of
bacteria
(log)
y = 10^((-8.2*(1-exp(-0.0045...
Error
Value
NA
1.115e+16
Chisq
NA
0.708
R
2
y = 10^((-7.0*(1-exp(-0.0110...
Error
Value
NA
7.252e+8
Chisq
NA
0.9818
R
2
y = 10^((-6.1*(1-exp(-0.0136...
Error
Value
NA
1.042e+12
Chisq
NA
0.5266
R
2
y = 10^((-7.0*(1-exp(-0.0165...
Error
Value
NA
1.945e+13
Chisq
NA
0.8253
R
2
y = 10^((-8.2*(1-exp(-0.0045...
Error
Value
NA
1.115e+16
Chisq
NA
0.708
R
2
(e)
(E.Coli)
1
100
10
4
10
6
10
8
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
10
5
CFU/mL
10
6
CFU/mL
10
7
CFU/mL
10
8
CFU/mL
Time (min)
Amount
of
bacteria
(log) y = 10^((-7.4*(1-exp(-0.0060...
Error
Value
NA
5.489e+15
Chisq
NA
0.8724
R
2
y = 10^((-5.4*(1-exp(-0.0170...
Error
Value
NA
1.141e+8
Chisq
NA
0.9969
R
2
y = 10^((-6.0*(1-exp(-0.0100...
Error
Value
NA
4.701e+11
Chisq
NA
0.8698
R
2
y = 10^((-7.2*(1-exp(-0.0090...
Error
Value
NA
8.136e+13
Chisq
NA
0.8043
R
2
y = 10^((-7.4*(1-exp(-0.0060...
Error
Value
NA
5.489e+15
Chisq
NA
0.8724
R
2
(f)
(S.aureus)
1
10
100
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
E. coli
S. aureus
Time (min)
Amount
of
bacteria
(log)
(g)
2. Anti-bacterial activity
Fig 2. (e) Effect of citral nanoemulsion on initial E. coli concentration. (f) Effect of citral nanoemulsion
on initial S. aureus concentration. (g) Effect of nanoemulsion on bacterial strains (E. coli and S.
aureus).
19

20. 0
20
40
60
80
100
100 200 300 400
CK
950 ppm
1425 ppm
1900 ppm
2375 ppm
Germination
rate
(%)
Particle size (nm)
(a)
0
20
40
60
80
100
1000 1500 2000 2500
CK
100 nm
200 nm
300 nm
400 nm
Germination
rate
(%)
Emulsion conc. (ppm)
(b)
3. Anti-fungal activity
Fig 3. Anti-fungal activity (a) Influence of citral nanoemulsion on the germination rate of
Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. (b) Influence of nanoemulsion on the growth of germ tube of
Neoscytalidium dimidiatum
20

21. 21
0
20
40
60
80
100
100 200 300 400
CK 950 ppm 1425 ppm
1900 ppm 2375 ppm
Germination
rate
(%)
Particle size (nm)
a
cb
c
a
cb
b
b
b
b
b
b
a
b
a
b
b b
b b
b
0
20
40
60
80
100
100 200 300 400
ck
1000 ppm
1500 ppm
2000 ppm
2500 ppm
Germination
rate
(%)
Particle size (nm)
a
a
a
a
a
a
bc b
a
c
bc
a
c
b bc
c
cd
d
b
cb
0
20
40
60
80
100
100 200 300 400
CK
1000 ppm
1500 ppm
2000 ppm
2500 ppm
Germination
rate
(%)
Particle size (nm)
a a
a
ba
b
a
b
cb
b
c
a
cd
cb
d
b
b
a
cbcb
c
9 hr 16 hr 24 hr
Experimental condition: 25℃、106 spores/mL
3. Anti-fungal activity- Dosage effect: Germination rate

22. 22
Emulsion conc. (ppm) Particle size (nm)
CK 100 200 300 400
1000 98.6 93.8 49.3 75.2 60.6
1500 98.6 91.9 54.3 64.9 48.7
2000 98.6 87.8 51.8 52.4 30.4
2500 98.6 84.8 63.9 50.2 34.4
Emulsion conc. (ppm) Particle size (nm)
CK 100 200 300 400
1000 100 85.5 66.8 75.5 63.7
1500 100 93.0 38.7 69.5 59.4
2000 100 71.2 64.9 63.6 54.4
2500 100 94.9 54.4 63.6 45.3
16 hr
24 hr
Emulsion conc. (ppm) Particle size (nm)
CK 100 200 300 400
1000 74.4 19.9 9.6 5.6 4.2
1500 74.4 15.3 6.5 4.5 3.4
2000 74.4 12.8 6.2 5.8 5.5
2500 74.4 7.4 3.5 2.6 4.1
9 hr
3. Anti-fungal activity- Dosage effect: Germination rate

23. 0
50
100
150
200
100 200 300 400
ck
1000 ppm
1500 ppm
2000 ppm
2500 pm
Length
of
germ
tube
(µm)
Particle size (nm)
0
50
100
150
200
100 200 300 400
ck
1000 ppm
1500 ppm
2000 ppm
2500 ppm
Length
of
germ
tube
(µm)
particle size (nm)
0
50
100
150
200
100 200 300 400
ck
1000 ppm
1500 ppm
2000 ppm
2500 pm
Length
of
germ
tube
(µm)
Particle size (nm)
9 hr 16 hr 24 hr
(μm)
(μm)
(μm)
Experimental condition: 25℃、106 spores/mL
3. Anti-fungal activity- Dosage effect: Length of germ tube

24. 24
Emulsion conc. (ppm) Particle size (nm)
CK 100 200 300 400
1000 87.2 58.0 37.8 48.0 31.2
1500 87.2 58.1 65.8 34.0 10.2
2000 87.2 58.5 12.2 17.6 8.2
2500 87.2 55.0 28.3 32.4 11.3
Emulsion conc. (ppm) Particle size (nm)
CK 100 200 300 400
1000 107.5 90.9 57.0 58.4 41.6
1500 107.5 92.0 15.2 32.8 9.1
2000 107.5 73.7 8.3 16.7 5.6
2500 107.5 74.3 12.0 21.8 4.9
16 hr
24 hr
Emulsion conc. (ppm) Particle size (nm)
CK 100 200 300 400
1000 31.8 10.2 8.1 9.5 6.8
1500 31.8 10.4 8.5 7.8 8.9
2000 31.8 9.7 9.7 10.5 9.4
2500 31.8 10.0 9.0 9.0 8.1
9 hr
3. Anti-fungal activity- Dosage effect: Length of germ tube

25. 25
0
20
40
60
80
100
1000 1500 2000 2500
CK 100 nm 200 nm
300 nm 400 nm
Germination
rate
(%)
emulsion conc. (ppm)
b
c
c
c
c
a
c
c
b
a
c
a
cb
a
b
cb
b
b b
b
0
20
40
60
80
100
1000 1500 2000 2500
ck
100 nm
200 nm
300 nm
400 nm
Germination
rate
(%)
Particle size (nm)
a ba
bc
c c
a
c
a a
b
b
a
b
a
b
b
b
b
b
b
0
20
40
60
80
100
1000 1500 2000 2500
ck
100 nm
200 nm
300 nm
400 nm
Germination
rate
(%)
Particle size (nm)
e
a
a a
a
a
d
c
b
c
b
b
a
b
b
b
c
c
b
a
9 hr 16 hr 24 hr
Experimental condition: 25℃、106 spores/mL
3. Nanoemulsion particle size effect: Germination rate

26. 26
Particle size (nm) Emulsion conc. (ppm)
CK 1000 1500 2000 2500
100 98.6 91.9 93.8 84.8 87.8
200 98.6 49.3 54.3 51.8 63.9
300 98.6 75.2 64.9 52.4 50.2
400 98.6 60.6 48.7 30.4 34.4
Particle size (nm) Emulsion conc. (ppm)
CK 1000 1500 2000 2500
100 100 85.5 93.0 71.2 94.9
200 100 66.8 38.7 64.9 54.4
300 100 75.5 69.5 63.6 55.7
400 100 63.7 59.4 54.4 45.3
16 hr
24 hr
Particle size (nm) Emulsion conc. (ppm)
CK 1000 1500 2000 2500
100 74.4 19.9 15.3 12.8 7.4
200 74.4 9.6 6.5 5.8 3.5
300 74.4 5.6 5.5 3.4 2.6
400 74.4 6.2 4.5 4.2 4.1
9 hr
3. Nanoemulsion particle size effect: Germination rate

27. Nanoemulsion Particle Size effect: Length of germ tube
9 hr 16 hr 24 hr
0
50
100
150
200
1000 1500 2000 2500
ck
100 nm
200 nm
300 nm
400 nm
Length
of
germ
tube
(µm)
conc. (ppm)
(μm)
0
50
100
150
200
1000 1500 2000 2500
ck
100 nm
200 nm
300 nm
400 nm
Length
of
germ
tube
(µm)
conc. (ppm)
(μm)
0
50
100
150
200
1000 1500 2000 2500
ck
100 nm
200 nm
300 nm
400 nm
Length
of
germ
tube
(µm)
conc. (ppm)
(μm)
Experimental condition: 25℃、106 spores/mL
3. Nanoemulsion particle size effect: Length of germ tube

28. 28
Particle size (nm) Emulsion conc. (ppm)
CK 1000 1500 2000 2500
100 87.2 58.0 58.1 58.5 55.0
200 87.2 37.8 65.8 12.2 28.3
300 87.2 48.0 34.0 17.6 32.4
400 87.2 31.2 10.2 8.2 11.3
Particle size (nm) Emulsion conc. (ppm)
CK 1000 1500 2000 2500
100 107.5 90.9 92.0 73.7 74.3
200 107.5 57.0 15.2 8.3 12.0
300 107.5 58.4 32.8 16.7 21.8
400 107.5 41.6 9.1 5.6 4.9
16 hr
24 hr
Particle size (nm) Emulsion conc. (ppm)
CK 1000 1500 2000 2500
100 31.8 10.2 10.4 9.7 10.0
200 31.8 8.2 8.5 9.7 9.0
300 31.8 9.5 7.8 10.5 9.0
400 31.8 6.7 8.9 9.4 8.1
9 hr
3. Nanoemulsion particle size effect: Length of germ tube

29. Current and Future works
 Photos of Heavy metal Experiment (07/16)
 Heavy Metal Experiment, CEC samples preparation (07/22)
 Pro water analysis (pH and EC) (07/27)
 Abstract and Conclusion of manuscript (07/17)
 The first manuscript “The Key Manufacturing Process and
Antibacterial Kinetic of Environmentally Friendly Citral
Nanoemulsion” (07/31)
 Review article for my future research (08/01)
29

30. 30
Thank you for your
attention..!!!