The document discusses methods for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions related to REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) presented at COP 19 in Warsaw. It outlines various procedures, frameworks, and training materials required for effective monitoring of deforestation impacts, and emphasizes the importance of a multi-sector approach and stakeholder participation. Additionally, the document highlights the need for simple indicators in REDD+ monitoring as it transitions into phase 2, focusing on both carbon and non-carbon impacts.

1. Monitoring REDD+ landscapes
Martin Herold
Wageningen University
UNFCCC COP 19, Warsaw
GLF, 17. Nov. 2013

2. GOFC-GOLD REDD+ Sourcebook
http://www.gofcgold.wur.nl/redd
A sourcebook of methods and procedures for
monitoring and reporting anthropogenic greenhouse
gas emissions and removals caused by deforestation,
gains and losses of carbon stocks in forests
remaining forests, and forestation
Latest version published for COP-19 in Warsaw

3. Training material for REDD+ monitoring and reporting
REDD+
background
and design
REDD+
measuring
and
monitoring
REDD+
assessment
and
reporting
1 UNFCCC context and requirements and introduction to IPCC guidelines
M. Herold, E. Romijn, B. Mora
2 Framework for building national forest monitoring systems for REDD+
E. Romijn, M. Herold, B. Mora
3 Assessing and analyzing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation
E. Romijn, M. Herold
4 Monitoring activity data for forests using remote sensing
J. Miettinen, A. Langner, F. Achard, B. Mora
5 Monitoring activity data for forests remaining forests (incl. forest degr.)
C. Souza, S. Brown, J. Miettinen, F. Achard
6 Estimating emission factors for forest cover change (def. and degr.)
S. Brown & N. Harris
7 Approaches to community/local expert forest monitoring
M. Skutsch
8 Estimation of carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degr.
N. Harris & S. Brown
9 Estimation of GHG emissions from biomass burning
L. Boschetti
10 Estimation of uncertainties
G. Grassi, S. Monni, A. Langner, F. Achard, M. Herold
11 Overview and status of evolving technologies
B. Mora, E. Romijn
12 Data and guidance on developing REDD+ reference levels
M. Herold, E. Romijn, S. Brown
13 Guidance on reporting using IPCC Guidelines and Guidance
G. Grassi
14 Reporting interim REDD+ performance
M. Herold, E. Romijn

4. REDD+ entering phase 2
 Proposals made to Worldbank Carbon fund
 Payment based on performance
Country
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
ER-Program Area (all drafts)
Costa Rica
DRC
Republic of Congo
Mexico
Vietnam
Indonesia
Ethiopia
Ghana
Chile
Nepal
Whole country
Several districts
Two departments
Several states
Several provinces
Two districts
One State
Two zones
To be determined
Several districts

5. Proximate drivers of deforestation
Hosonuma et al 2012, ERL
http://www.decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/11/tacklingclimate-change/international-climatechange/6316-drivers-deforestation-report.pdf

6. SBSTA guidance on drivers of DD
 Noting the complexity of the problem, different
national circumstances and multiple drivers
 Countries to address drivers when developing and
implementing their national strategies
 Participation of relevant stakeholders
 Importance of cross-sector coordination
 International cooperation can contribute
 Encourage parties, organizations and the private
sector to reduce the drivers
 Noting that livelihoods may dependent drivers;
implications for economic costs & domestic resources

7. Interlinking drivers, interventions and monitoring
Based on assessment of 43 REDD+ countries in 98 readiness
documents
Salvini et al. in review, ERL

8. Links to performance & benefit sharing
 Many REDD+ interventions are outside forests
and cannot be traced to specific forest areas:
 REDD+ monitoring of activities
 National forest-related (GHG) impact to be
assessed
 Sub-national/local REDD+ performance maybe
hard to link to carbon-related compensation:
 Input-based benefit distribution systems
based on stakeholder participation in
REDD+ activities?
http://redd.ciga.unam.mx/images/InfoBrief2.pdf

9. Objectives for REDD+ monitoring
 Besides meeting international reporting needs (IPCC
GPG) - REDD+ national monitoring objectives:
● Underpin and stimulate strategies and priorities
for REDD+ implementation
● Track performance of REDD+ activities and their
impacts (carbon & non-carbon)
● Support the generation and sharing of benefits
 SBSTA guidance on drivers: multi-sector,
stakeholders, livelihoods, ...:
● REDD+ performance in landscape context
 Simplicity versus complexity

10. Landscape objectives
and examples of measures
• Easy to understand
• Apply to any scale
• Apply to any location
• Measurable
• Sustainability can mean
improvement over time
Courtesy of P. Holmgren

11. Global forest cover gains/losses 2000-12
http://earthenginepartners.appspot.com/science-2013-global-forest
Hansen et al., 2013. Science , 342

12. Definitions & accounting of forest changes
Kurz et al., 2008, PNAS

13. Conclusions
 Landscape thinking inherent to REDD+
 National REDD+ monitoring goes beyond
forests:
● Drivers and interventions
● Carbon and non-carbon impacts
● Benefit sharing
 Monitoring REDD+ landscapes:
● Need for simple, measureable indicators
 REDD+ moving to phase 2