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![使⽤用 Aggregation
exports.query = function(req, res) {!
! var model = req.app.db.models.User;!
!
! model!
! .aggregate([!
{!
! $project: { _id: 1, name: 1, age: 1 }!
},!
{!
! $match: {age: {$gt: 45} }!
},!
{!
! $match: {age: {$lt: 60} }!
}])!
! .exec(function(err, users) {!
! ! res.send(users);!
! ! res.end();!
! });!
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mokoversity-mongodb-nosql-101-140924114528-phpapp02/75/MongoDB-NoSQL-101-42-2048.jpg)
![使⽤用 $in Operator
• 興趣有 ‘sport’ 的會員
{ interests: { $in: [ 'sport' ] } }](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mokoversity-mongodb-nosql-101-140924114528-phpapp02/75/MongoDB-NoSQL-101-48-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byJollen Chen
MongoDB & NoSQL 101
This document provides an introductory overview of MongoDB and NoSQL databases, explaining concepts such as document-oriented databases, schema design, CRUD operations, and aggregation techniques. It covers practical examples using MongoDB shell commands and outlines basic principles for effectively modeling data. The content includes tasks for implementing CRUD operations and designing REST APIs with Node.js and Mongoose for database interactions.
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MongoDB & NoSQL 101
- 1. Mokoversity MongoDB &NoSQL 101 2014.9.24 Jollen, Founder <jollen@jollen.org> www.mokoversity.com
- 2.
- 3. NoSQL • NotOnly SQL • Document-Oriented • Not a replacement for SQL database • Schema-less • Full Text Search, Data-processing, read faster, write faster • etc
- 4.
- 5. Step Zero $mongo! MongoDB shell version: 2.4.2! ...! > ! > db! test! > show dbs! local! 0.078125GB! vcard! 0.203125GB! > use vcard! switched to db vcard! > Cards mongo db showdbs use
- 6. 認識 Collections >use vcard! switched to db vcard! > show collections! messages! system.indexes! users! > exit! bye Cards show collections exit
- 7. 什麼是 Collections •Document Store (aka folder) • In JSON and BSON format • aka XML、MS Word、MS Excel • Grouping documents • collections • Directory hierarchies • Collections could be considered analogous to tables
- 8. Key-Value Paris •Key–Value stores use the associative array • The fundamental data model of document store • In-memory document store • Memory Cache • Redis and etc.
- 9. Create a newDatabase $ mongo! ! > show dbs! local! 0.078125GB! messages! 0.203125GB! test! 0.203125GB! > use mytest! switched to db mytest! > db.dropDatabase()! { "dropped" : "mytest", "ok" : 1 } Cards use <new-db-name>
- 10. Save a newDocument > use mytest! switched to db mytest! > db.mytest.save({name: 'jollen'})! > db.mytest.find()! { "_id" : ObjectId("53bf7682af97b69f131d970a"), "name" : "jollen" }! > Cards save() find() ⾃自動產⽣生
- 11. 認識 Schema •NoSQL 資料庫不需要事先定義欄位 • Table Definition • Document 的欄位定義稱為 Schema • Has Schema 或 No Schema
- 12. Query a Collection • find() • find({name: ‘Jollen’}) • findOne()
- 13. Remove a Document • remove() • remove({name: 'jollen'})
- 14. Update a Document • update({name: 'jollen2'}, {name: 'jollen3'}) • update({name:'jollen'}, {$set: {name: 'jollen2'}}, {multi: true}) Query criteria fields New document ! content http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/db.collection.update/
- 15. 基本的 CRUD 操作 • find()－Read • Query Criteria • Projection • Aggregation • update()－Update • Query Criteria
- 16. 學習要點 • NoSQL初學者應先學習 Collection 的操作 • CRUD • 類似於使⽤用 SQL 語法做 Table 的查詢、新增、更新與 刪除 • 學習 Schema Design 觀念與實作 • 學習 Query Criteria • 學習 Aggregation • MapReduce 的基礎
- 17. Query Criteria •各式「條件查詢」的做法 • {age: {$gt: 18} } • WHERE http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/core/read-operations/
- 18.
- 19. Implement CRUD •MongoDB Shell • MongoDB Script • MongoDB Drivers • Node.js (JavaScript) • Python / Ruby • C / C++ • etc - http://docs.mongodb.org/ecosystem/drivers/
- 20. MongoDB Script •使⽤用 JavaScript 語法 • 進⾏行 CRUD 操作 • 撰寫管理功能 • 簡單的 Data Processing (MapReduce)
- 21. Create One Document // 0001! ! {! var db = connect('localhost/test');! ! db.vipData.save({name: 'jollen', tel: '09384567182'});! ! print('0001-create-one-document finished.')! }
- 22. List Collection //0002! ! {! var db = connect('localhost/test');! ! db.vipData.find().forEach(function(user) {! print("User: " + user.name + ", tel: " + user.tel);! });! ! print("Info: 0002-list-collection finished.");! }!
- 23. Update Document //0003! ! {! var db = connect('localhost/test');! ! db.vipData.update({name: 'jollen'}, { $set: {name: 'jollenchen'} });! ! print('0004-update-document finished');! }
- 24. Add News Field // 0004! ! {! var db = connect('localhost/test');! ! db.vipData.find().forEach(function(data) {! data.isActive = true;! db.vipData.save(data);! });! ! print('0004-add-new-field finished');! }
- 25. Remove Document //0005! ! {! var db = connect('localhost/test');! ! db.vipData.remove({name: 'jollen'});! ! print('0005-remove-document finished.');! }
- 26.
- 27. 基本觀念 • 類似關鍵式資料庫的Table 設計 • Flexible Schema
- 28. Schema 設計原則 •When designing data models, always consider the application usage of the data (i.e. queries, updates, and processing of the data) as well as the inherent structure of the data itself. • There are two tools that allow applications to represent these relationships: references and embedded documents. • References • Embedded Data http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/core/data-modeling-introduction/
- 29. Embedded Document PostCollection _id title content tags Nickname Fullname Mobile Age
- 30. Reference Model 使⽤用原則 • 亦稱為 Normalized Data Model • 主要⽤用途 • One-to-Many Relations* • Many-to-Many Relations • 主要缺點 • ⽂文件變⼤大時造成 write performance 變差
- 31. One-To-Many 的情況 #1 {! _id: "joe",! name: "Joe Bookreader”,! address:! {! patron_id: "joe",! street: "123 Fake Street",! city: "Faketon",! state: "MA",! zip: "12345"! }! }! ! {! _id: "joe",! name: "Joe Bookreader"! address:! {! patron_id: "joe",! street: "1 Some Other Street",! city: "Boston",! state: "MA",! zip: “12345"! }! }
- 32.
- 33. 關於 Reference Model • 建議使⽤用的 Data Model • Using references between documents • Avoid duplication of data • Provide sufficient read performance advantage
- 34. Schema Design UserCollection _id name email address age Message Collection _id message uid
- 35. 專案描述 • 將Microsoft Excel 資料庫，轉換⾄至 NoSQL 的開發任務 • 客⼾戶資料是以 Excel 維護，現在想將客⼾戶資 料「上雲端」，並製作 App 以隨時追蹤或查 詢 • 將客⼾戶資料轉換為 NoSQL 資料庫。以便進 ⾏行 RESTful Web Service 的開發，以及 App 的製作
- 36. CRUD: Task 1 • 建⽴立 vcard 資料庫 • 新增資料⾄至 vcard.users collections • 資料欄位 • name • phone • email • address • age
- 37. 提⽰示 • 將users.xls 匯⼊入 vcard.users collection • 註：users.xls 是程式產⽣生的假資料，⾮非真實 資料
- 38. CRUD: Task 2 • 新增資料⾄至 vcard.messages collections • 資料欄位 • uid（紀錄 ObjectId） • message（⽂文章內⽂文）
- 39.
- 40. 使⽤用 Query Criteria http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/core/crud-introduction/
- 41. CRUD: Task 3 • 公司想針對 45 歲以下的客⼾戶進⾏行⾏行銷推廣 • 找出 18 歲以上的客⼾戶
- 42. 使⽤用 Aggregation exports.query= function(req, res) {! ! var model = req.app.db.models.User;! ! ! model! ! .aggregate([! {! ! $project: { _id: 1, name: 1, age: 1 }! },! {! ! $match: {age: {$gt: 45} }! },! {! ! $match: {age: {$lt: 60} }! }])! ! .exec(function(err, users) {! ! ! res.send(users);! ! ! res.end();! ! });! }
- 43. Mokoversity REST API－Using Node.js and mongoose
- 44.
- 45.
- 46. User Collection 的Schema // Model name: ‘User’! var userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({! name: { type: String, default: ''},! email: String,! address: String,! age: { type: Number, default: 0 }! }); User Collection name email address age
- 47. Message Collection 的Schema // Model name: ‘Message’! var messageSchema = new mongoose.Schema({! uid: { type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'User' },! message: String! }); Message Collection _id message uid
- 48. 使⽤用 $in Operator • 興趣有 ‘sport’ 的會員 { interests: { $in: [ 'sport' ] } }
- 49. Populate model! .find()! .populate('uid')! .exec(function(err, posts) {! res.send(posts);! res.end();! });