This document provides information about a learning module on computer hardware evolution and types. It includes 5 activities that discuss the generations of computers and processors used over time, different types of computers like supercomputers, mainframes, mini computers, microcomputers and workstations, and examples of each type. The module aims to teach students about the evolution of computer technology and various categories of computers.
The document summarizes the evolution of computers over five generations from 1940 to present. First generation computers from 1940-1956 were large, slow, and unreliable, relying on vacuum tubes. The transistor was introduced in the second generation from 1956-1963, making computers smaller, faster, and more reliable. The third generation from 1964-1971 saw the introduction of integrated circuits and silicon chips, further reducing size and cost. The fourth generation from 1971-present featured the invention of the microprocessor and microchips, leading to a wide variety of personal computer models. The fifth generation of computers to the present continues advancing technology with inventions like robotics and virtual reality. The document also defines different types of computers based on size, power, and
The document discusses a module on the evolution and types of computers. It covers five activities: 1) explaining the evolution of computer generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits; 2) matching processor types to generations; 3) introducing computer types like supercomputers, mainframes, and microcomputers; 4) labeling a diagram of computer types; and 5) researching computer types. The module aims to explain the evolution of computer generations and types of processors used.
computer application in hospitality Industry, periyar university unit 1admin information
in this presentation b.sc hotel management 1 st year student computer application in hospitality Industry subject is the, this subject under periyar university hotel management 1st year students subject.
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols according to a set of instructions. Modern computers are electronic and digital, with hardware components like the CPU, memory, mass storage, and input/output devices, as well as software. Computers can be classified based on their size and power as personal computers, workstations, minicomputers, mainframes, or supercomputers. Personal computers are small, single-user machines that are now commonly based on Intel microprocessors and used for tasks like word processing, games, and internet browsing.
This document introduces computers and their uses. It defines a computer, describes how they are used in daily life, and classifies different types from supercomputers to microcomputers. The document also outlines computer systems and their basic hardware components, how data is communicated through networks, and how computers have become integrated into most aspects of modern society.
The document provides an introduction to computers and their components. It discusses the evolution of computers through five generations from vacuum tubes to modern devices based on artificial intelligence. It describes the basic components of a computer system including input, output, storage and the central processing unit. The document also covers computer software types including operating systems, applications and system software. It defines programming languages from early machine code to modern high-level languages. Finally, it discusses operating systems and their classification into single-user/multi-user and single-tasking/multi-tasking models.
Introduction to Information and Education Technology 1Mohamed EL Zayat
This document provides an introduction to information and educational technology. It discusses the scope of information technology including its components like computers, communication technologies, and how they are used to store, process, distribute, and access data. It also covers basic computer hardware and software concepts such as computer architecture, computer organization, system software, and different types of application software including examples. Finally, it discusses computer peripherals and aspects of human-computer interaction.
1) A computer accepts digital data as input and manipulates it based on a stored program or set of instructions. Complex computers also include storage to hold both data and programs.
2) Early pioneers like Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, and John von Neumann laid the foundations for modern computer design, including concepts like stored programs.
3) Modern computers follow von Neumann's stored program model where the CPU reads instructions one at a time to process data based on those instructions.
The document summarizes the evolution of computers over five generations from 1940 to present. First generation computers from 1940-1956 were large, slow, and unreliable, relying on vacuum tubes. The transistor was introduced in the second generation from 1956-1963, making computers smaller, faster, and more reliable. The third generation from 1964-1971 saw the introduction of integrated circuits and silicon chips, further reducing size and cost. The fourth generation from 1971-present featured the invention of the microprocessor and microchips, leading to a wide variety of personal computer models. The fifth generation of computers to the present continues advancing technology with inventions like robotics and virtual reality. The document also defines different types of computers based on size, power, and
The document discusses a module on the evolution and types of computers. It covers five activities: 1) explaining the evolution of computer generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits; 2) matching processor types to generations; 3) introducing computer types like supercomputers, mainframes, and microcomputers; 4) labeling a diagram of computer types; and 5) researching computer types. The module aims to explain the evolution of computer generations and types of processors used.
computer application in hospitality Industry, periyar university unit 1admin information
in this presentation b.sc hotel management 1 st year student computer application in hospitality Industry subject is the, this subject under periyar university hotel management 1st year students subject.
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to manipulate symbols according to a set of instructions. Modern computers are electronic and digital, with hardware components like the CPU, memory, mass storage, and input/output devices, as well as software. Computers can be classified based on their size and power as personal computers, workstations, minicomputers, mainframes, or supercomputers. Personal computers are small, single-user machines that are now commonly based on Intel microprocessors and used for tasks like word processing, games, and internet browsing.
This document introduces computers and their uses. It defines a computer, describes how they are used in daily life, and classifies different types from supercomputers to microcomputers. The document also outlines computer systems and their basic hardware components, how data is communicated through networks, and how computers have become integrated into most aspects of modern society.
The document provides an introduction to computers and their components. It discusses the evolution of computers through five generations from vacuum tubes to modern devices based on artificial intelligence. It describes the basic components of a computer system including input, output, storage and the central processing unit. The document also covers computer software types including operating systems, applications and system software. It defines programming languages from early machine code to modern high-level languages. Finally, it discusses operating systems and their classification into single-user/multi-user and single-tasking/multi-tasking models.
Introduction to Information and Education Technology 1Mohamed EL Zayat
This document provides an introduction to information and educational technology. It discusses the scope of information technology including its components like computers, communication technologies, and how they are used to store, process, distribute, and access data. It also covers basic computer hardware and software concepts such as computer architecture, computer organization, system software, and different types of application software including examples. Finally, it discusses computer peripherals and aspects of human-computer interaction.
1) A computer accepts digital data as input and manipulates it based on a stored program or set of instructions. Complex computers also include storage to hold both data and programs.
2) Early pioneers like Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, and John von Neumann laid the foundations for modern computer design, including concepts like stored programs.
3) Modern computers follow von Neumann's stored program model where the CPU reads instructions one at a time to process data based on those instructions.
Introduction to information technology lecture 1adpafit
The document provides an overview of computers and information technology. It discusses how IT uses computing and communication to spread information. It then defines computers and their basic components of hardware and software. The document outlines the different generations of computers and some early calculating devices. It also describes input/output devices, common computer components, and uses of computers in various fields.
The document summarizes various types of storage systems used with personal computers. It describes the characteristics of hard drives, including magnetic and solid state drives, and how they are used as primary storage. It also discusses optical discs like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays, as well as different flash memory storage devices. The document briefly mentions other storage systems including network storage, smart cards, and holographic storage. It evaluates the typical storage alternatives for a personal computer.
This document provides an overview of different types of computers and computer components. It discusses microcomputers, desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, servers, workstations, minicomputers, and mainframe computers. It also describes computer hardware components like processors, memory, storage, monitors, printers, and speakers. The document outlines computer software, programming languages, compilers, interpreters, booting, file systems, and multimedia. It provides examples of number systems, data conversion between decimal and binary. It also discusses ASCII, Unicode, and includes documentation for Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint 2010. Finally, it lists potential assignments related to using computers.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to introduction to computers including:
- Definitions of computer, types of computers categorized by size and power, and the evolution of computers through four generations.
- The basic elements of a computer system including hardware, peripheral devices, and software. Hardware consists of components like the CPU and memory while software includes operating systems and application programs.
- How data is represented digitally using binary digits and coding schemes and how it is processed into meaningful information.
- Key roles in a computer system including users, professionals who design and operate systems, and end-users who utilize computers for tasks.
This document provides lecture notes on cloud computing. It begins with an introduction to cloud computing, defining key terms like distributed computing, grid computing, parallel computing, and cloud characteristics. It then discusses the evolution of distributed computing platforms from mainframes to today's internet clouds. The document outlines common cloud computing models including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). It also covers essential cloud computing characteristics like elasticity, on-demand provisioning, and the benefits of cloud computing.
The document defines a computer as an electronic device that stores and processes data according to programmed instructions. It describes the basic functions of computers as input, storage, processing, and output. It then lists and describes common input devices like keyboards and mice, processing components like the CPU and GPU, storage devices like hard disks and USB drives, and output devices like monitors and printers. It also discusses different types of computers and computer networks, as well as transmission media used for computer networks.
The document defines a computer as an electronic device that stores and processes data according to programmed instructions. It describes the basic functions of computers as input, storage, processing, and output. It then lists and describes common input devices like keyboards and mice, processing components like the CPU and GPU, storage devices like hard disks and USB drives, and output devices like monitors and printers. It also discusses different types of computers and computer networks, as well as transmission media used for computer networks.
This document provides an overview of computers and their uses. It defines what a computer is, describes its main components, and discusses different types of computers like personal computers, mobile devices, servers, and supercomputers. It also outlines how computers are used in various sectors of society like education, healthcare, manufacturing, and more. Networks and the internet are explained, and advantages and disadvantages of computer usage are presented.
Subject Outline
introduction to Information communication and technology
1.Introduction to ICT
2.Basic building blocks of a computer
3.Hardware system of a computer
4.Software system of a computer
5.Computing algorithms
6.Computer networks
7.Computer security
The document provides an overview of computer basics, including: a brief history of computers from the 1940s to present; defining a computer system as consisting of hardware, software, data, information, and people; and classifying computers into special purpose and general purpose categories including desktops, mobiles, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. It also discusses computer software, electronic communications, network systems, the internet, and examples of technology in everyday life.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how the ARPANET was developed in the 1960s and 1970s to link university computers. The adoption of TCP/IP in the 1980s allowed the ARPANET to evolve into the Internet. The World Wide Web was created by Tim Berners-Lee in the early 1990s and gained widespread popularity with the release of graphical web browsers like Mosaic and Netscape Navigator in the mid-1990s. The document also provides definitions and explanations of key Internet technologies like HTML, URLs, and how the client-server model allows web pages and content to be accessed over the Internet.
This document provides an introduction to computer systems and information technology. It discusses the history of computers from the abacus to modern electronic digital computers like ENIAC, EDSAC, and UNIVAC-I. It describes the key components of a computer system including hardware, software, and humanware. It also outlines the main characteristics of computers such as speed, storage, accuracy, versatility, automation, diligence, and reliability.
The document discusses the role of computers in various aspects of modern life. It notes that computers are used for a wide range of tasks at home and work, including entertainment, communication, education, commerce, and more. The convergence of technologies has led computers to become central hubs for activities like home entertainment. Wireless connectivity allows portable use of computers in many locations. Computers have become essential tools in most jobs as well as in daily activities like banking.
This document provides an overview of the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) including its vision, mission, characteristics, programs offered, facilities, funding opportunities, and student/faculty demographics. AIT aims to be a leading regional institution offering technical and managerial education with a research focus. It has a diverse international student body and faculty from over 40 countries.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Top 11 usability recommendations for 2011John Whalen
User Experience (UX) professionals know that audiences are demanding ever increasing levels of sophistication from your websites.
However, before you invest big bucks in the latest [social/mobile/local] solution, let's make sure your site passes 11 basic tests for usability.
A majority of sites still make Usability 101 mistakes. Are you leaving customers frustrated or losing business because of errors that can be fixed hours or days?
Join our webinar and take our 2011 Usability Test to find out how you score (then call us to help with the social/mobile/local project).
This document is from the Ministry of Education Malaysia and contains an ICT literacy module on computer hardware and the evolution and types of computers. The module contains 5 activities: 1) explaining the evolution of computer generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits, 2) matching processor types to generations, 3) introducing types of computers like supercomputers, mainframes, and microcomputers, 4) labeling a diagram of computer types, and 5) researching computer types. The module aims to teach students about the progression of computer technology over generations and the different categories of computers.
Introduction to information technology lecture 1adpafit
The document provides an overview of computers and information technology. It discusses how IT uses computing and communication to spread information. It then defines computers and their basic components of hardware and software. The document outlines the different generations of computers and some early calculating devices. It also describes input/output devices, common computer components, and uses of computers in various fields.
The document summarizes various types of storage systems used with personal computers. It describes the characteristics of hard drives, including magnetic and solid state drives, and how they are used as primary storage. It also discusses optical discs like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays, as well as different flash memory storage devices. The document briefly mentions other storage systems including network storage, smart cards, and holographic storage. It evaluates the typical storage alternatives for a personal computer.
This document provides an overview of different types of computers and computer components. It discusses microcomputers, desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, servers, workstations, minicomputers, and mainframe computers. It also describes computer hardware components like processors, memory, storage, monitors, printers, and speakers. The document outlines computer software, programming languages, compilers, interpreters, booting, file systems, and multimedia. It provides examples of number systems, data conversion between decimal and binary. It also discusses ASCII, Unicode, and includes documentation for Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint 2010. Finally, it lists potential assignments related to using computers.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to introduction to computers including:
- Definitions of computer, types of computers categorized by size and power, and the evolution of computers through four generations.
- The basic elements of a computer system including hardware, peripheral devices, and software. Hardware consists of components like the CPU and memory while software includes operating systems and application programs.
- How data is represented digitally using binary digits and coding schemes and how it is processed into meaningful information.
- Key roles in a computer system including users, professionals who design and operate systems, and end-users who utilize computers for tasks.
This document provides lecture notes on cloud computing. It begins with an introduction to cloud computing, defining key terms like distributed computing, grid computing, parallel computing, and cloud characteristics. It then discusses the evolution of distributed computing platforms from mainframes to today's internet clouds. The document outlines common cloud computing models including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). It also covers essential cloud computing characteristics like elasticity, on-demand provisioning, and the benefits of cloud computing.
The document defines a computer as an electronic device that stores and processes data according to programmed instructions. It describes the basic functions of computers as input, storage, processing, and output. It then lists and describes common input devices like keyboards and mice, processing components like the CPU and GPU, storage devices like hard disks and USB drives, and output devices like monitors and printers. It also discusses different types of computers and computer networks, as well as transmission media used for computer networks.
The document defines a computer as an electronic device that stores and processes data according to programmed instructions. It describes the basic functions of computers as input, storage, processing, and output. It then lists and describes common input devices like keyboards and mice, processing components like the CPU and GPU, storage devices like hard disks and USB drives, and output devices like monitors and printers. It also discusses different types of computers and computer networks, as well as transmission media used for computer networks.
This document provides an overview of computers and their uses. It defines what a computer is, describes its main components, and discusses different types of computers like personal computers, mobile devices, servers, and supercomputers. It also outlines how computers are used in various sectors of society like education, healthcare, manufacturing, and more. Networks and the internet are explained, and advantages and disadvantages of computer usage are presented.
Subject Outline
introduction to Information communication and technology
1.Introduction to ICT
2.Basic building blocks of a computer
3.Hardware system of a computer
4.Software system of a computer
5.Computing algorithms
6.Computer networks
7.Computer security
The document provides an overview of computer basics, including: a brief history of computers from the 1940s to present; defining a computer system as consisting of hardware, software, data, information, and people; and classifying computers into special purpose and general purpose categories including desktops, mobiles, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. It also discusses computer software, electronic communications, network systems, the internet, and examples of technology in everyday life.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how the ARPANET was developed in the 1960s and 1970s to link university computers. The adoption of TCP/IP in the 1980s allowed the ARPANET to evolve into the Internet. The World Wide Web was created by Tim Berners-Lee in the early 1990s and gained widespread popularity with the release of graphical web browsers like Mosaic and Netscape Navigator in the mid-1990s. The document also provides definitions and explanations of key Internet technologies like HTML, URLs, and how the client-server model allows web pages and content to be accessed over the Internet.
This document provides an introduction to computer systems and information technology. It discusses the history of computers from the abacus to modern electronic digital computers like ENIAC, EDSAC, and UNIVAC-I. It describes the key components of a computer system including hardware, software, and humanware. It also outlines the main characteristics of computers such as speed, storage, accuracy, versatility, automation, diligence, and reliability.
The document discusses the role of computers in various aspects of modern life. It notes that computers are used for a wide range of tasks at home and work, including entertainment, communication, education, commerce, and more. The convergence of technologies has led computers to become central hubs for activities like home entertainment. Wireless connectivity allows portable use of computers in many locations. Computers have become essential tools in most jobs as well as in daily activities like banking.
This document provides an overview of the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) including its vision, mission, characteristics, programs offered, facilities, funding opportunities, and student/faculty demographics. AIT aims to be a leading regional institution offering technical and managerial education with a research focus. It has a diverse international student body and faculty from over 40 countries.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Top 11 usability recommendations for 2011John Whalen
User Experience (UX) professionals know that audiences are demanding ever increasing levels of sophistication from your websites.
However, before you invest big bucks in the latest [social/mobile/local] solution, let's make sure your site passes 11 basic tests for usability.
A majority of sites still make Usability 101 mistakes. Are you leaving customers frustrated or losing business because of errors that can be fixed hours or days?
Join our webinar and take our 2011 Usability Test to find out how you score (then call us to help with the social/mobile/local project).
This document is from the Ministry of Education Malaysia and contains an ICT literacy module on computer hardware and the evolution and types of computers. The module contains 5 activities: 1) explaining the evolution of computer generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits, 2) matching processor types to generations, 3) introducing types of computers like supercomputers, mainframes, and microcomputers, 4) labeling a diagram of computer types, and 5) researching computer types. The module aims to teach students about the progression of computer technology over generations and the different categories of computers.
Gilberto Teodoro, Sr. was the longest serving administrator of the Philippines' Social Security System (SSS) from 1966 to 1986. During his leadership, he launched several new programs that became the blueprint for SSS's success, including educational loans, calamity loans, and investment incentive loans. He also oversaw the decentralization of SSS operations, which sped up loan and benefit processing and increased registration in rural areas by allowing payments through authorized banks instead of requiring in-person visits to the head office. Teodoro's initiatives during his 20 years as SSS administrator helped establish the agency and make it more accessible to Filipinos nationwide.
1. The document discusses different types of computers including mainframe computers, supercomputers, minicomputers, and microcomputers.
2. Mainframe computers are large, expensive machines used by large organizations for processing massive amounts of data and transactions. Supercomputers are specialized computers used for research purposes like space exploration.
3. Minicomputers are used by small businesses for specific tasks, while microcomputers include personal computers, laptops, smartphones, and other small devices designed for individual use.
Unit 1 provides an introduction to computers including:
- The evolution of computers from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits to microprocessors across 5 generations.
- The main components of a computer including the central processing unit, memory, input/output devices, and mass storage.
- Types of computers ranging from personal computers to workstations, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers.
- Key concepts such as what defines a computer, how they store and manipulate data based on programs, and their advantages in processing huge amounts of data efficiently.
Unit 1 provides an introduction to computers including their objectives, types (digital, analog, hybrid), evolution through generations, core components (CPU, memory, input/output devices), and number systems. Key points include:
- Computers accept digital data as input, manipulate it according to programs, and provide results as output.
- There are various types of computers including mini computers, supercomputers, mainframes, PCs, and workstations.
- Computers have evolved through 5 generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits and microprocessors.
- Core components include the CPU, memory, and input/output devices like keyboards, printers, and monitors.
Unit 1 provides an introduction to computers including their objectives, types (digital, analog, hybrid), evolution through generations, core components (CPU, memory, input/output devices), and number systems. Key points include:
- Computers accept digital data as input, manipulate it according to programs, and provide results as output.
- There are various types of computers including mini computers, supercomputers, mainframes, personal computers, and workstations.
- Computers have evolved through 5 generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits and microprocessors.
- Core components include the CPU, memory, and input/output devices like keyboards, printers, and monitors.
computer applicationin hospitality Industry1 periyar university unit1admin information
in this power point periyar university bsc hotel management 1st year students com computer applicationin hospitality Industry-1 sylabus 1st unit topic is there
The document defines and describes different types of computers based on their size, power, and intended uses. It discusses personal computers, workstations, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers. It also covers different form factors for personal computers including desktop models, tower models, notebooks, subnotebooks, handhelds, palmtops, and PDAs. The key characteristics and components of all computers are also outlined.
Computers can be categorized into five generations based on the underlying technology used. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors, the third used integrated circuits, the fourth used microprocessors, and the fifth generation and beyond involves artificial intelligence. Each generation brought improvements in size, speed, reliability and capabilities. Computers have evolved from room-sized machines capable of solving one problem at a time, to devices that can fit in the palm of the hand and have vastly more processing power.
This document provides an overview of computer fundamentals and concepts. It begins with definitions of a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. It then discusses the evolution of computers through different generations from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits. The document also covers classifications of computers such as mainframes, minicomputers, microcomputers, supercomputers, and servers based on factors like size, cost, and performance. It provides examples for each generation and type of computer. The document concludes with general applications and capabilities of computers.
This document is a module on computer hardware that discusses:
1) The evolution of computers through five generations from the 1940s to present, defined by the processor technology used from vacuum tubes to microchips.
2) The types of computers including supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, microcomputers, and workstations defined by their size, power, and intended use.
3) Five activities for students including explaining computer generations, matching processor types to generations, introducing computer types, labeling a diagram of types, and presenting information on types.
Computer systems can be categorized in several ways, including by size, functionality, and type. Mainframe computers are large systems used by large organizations for critical tasks like data processing. Mini computers are mid-sized systems between mainframes and microcomputers. Microcomputers, when equipped with a keyboard, mouse and monitor become personal computers. Personal computers include desktops intended for single location use as well as laptops optimized for mobile use. Tablets are touchscreen mobile computers while wearables are computers worn on the body. Other computer types include servers which provide resources to client machines on a network, and supercomputers capable of highly complex calculations. Operating systems manage basic computer functions and security, and can be classified as multi-user, multiprocessing,
This document discusses the evolution of computer hardware through four generations from 1951 to present. It describes the key components of computer systems including the central processing unit, primary and secondary storage, and input/output devices. The CPU contains the arithmetic logic unit, control unit, and primary storage. Secondary storage devices like magnetic tapes, disks, and optical disks are used to store large amounts of data externally.
This document provides a history of computer systems from first to fourth generation computers. It describes the key characteristics of each generation including the technologies used for memory and processing. It then classifies different types of computer systems including supercomputers, mainframes, mini-computers, personal computers, and workstation computers. For each type, it outlines their typical uses, sizes, and other distinguishing features.
This document provides an overview of microprocessors and related computer hardware components. It defines key terms like microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, and computer types from personal computers to supercomputers. The summary discusses the basic components of all computers, including memory, storage, input/output devices, and the central processing unit (CPU). It also defines the roles of microprocessors, microcontrollers, and digital signal processors.
For 11th and 12th grade students, a powerpoint presentation on the topic "Getting started with C++".
Subject: Computer Science / Information Technology
That's all folks, see ya :)
Evolution and classification of computersAVINASH ANAND
A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out arithmetic and logical operations. It consists of at least one processing element and some form of memory. The processing element performs operations and is controlled by a sequencing unit that can change the order of operations based on stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source and results saved. A computer's processing unit executes instructions that make it read, manipulate, and store data, with conditional instructions changing the sequence as a function of the machine's state. Programmers developed user interfaces to accept human input and return results for human consumption.
The document defines various types of computers and components. It states that a computer is a programmable machine that can execute a prerecorded list of instructions. It then defines different types of computers based on their size and power, including personal computers, workstations, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers. It also defines key internal computer components like the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output components. The document provides detailed descriptions and comparisons of microprocessors, microcontrollers, and digital signal processors.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
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Evolution and Types of the Computers
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KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
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2. ICTL for Secondary School - Computer Hardware Module
- 1 -
MODULE 1
Evolution and Types of the Computers
Curriculum Development Centre
Ministry of Education Malaysia
3. ICTL for Secondary School - Computer Hardware Module
- 2 -
1. Name of Module : Computer Hardware: Evolution and Types of Computers
2. Learning Outcomes:The students should be able to:
• state the generations of computers together with the respective
processors used
• explain the generations of computers together with the respective
processors used
• identify the types of computers:
o Supercomputer
o Mainframe
o Mini Computer
o Micro Computer
o Work Station
• define different types of computer
3. Knowledge and Skills:
1. Explain the evolution of the computer generation.
2. Match the types of processors used.
3. Introduce various types of computers.
4. Labelling a flow chart of the types of computers.
5. Gathering and presenting information on the types of computers
4. Module Summary: At the end of the module, students should be able to
explain about the evolution of the computer generation and types of processors
used.
This module contains 5 activities:
Activity 1: Explaining the evolution of the computer generation.
Activity 2: Matching the types of processors used.
Activity 3: Introducing various types of computers.
Activity 4: Labelling a flow chart of the types of computers.
Activity 5: Gathering and presenting information on the types of computers
4. ICTL for Secondary School - Computer Hardware Module
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Introduction to Computer
Activity 1: Evolution of the Computer
Generation Years Circuitry Devices Processors
First 1939 to 1954 Vacuum
tubes
Calculators ENIAC, EDSAC,
EDVAC,
UNIVAC, IBM
Second 1954 to 1959 Transistor Mainframes IBM,
System/360,
BUNCH
Third 1959 to 1971 Integrated
circuits (IC)
Timesharing,
minicomputer
PDP, System/32,
System/36
Fourth 1971 to 1991 Very-large-
scale
integration
(VLSI) and
the
Microprcessor
Microcomputer,
Embedded computer,
Personal computer,
VAX, AS/400,
Intel. Motorola,
MOS, Zilog,
WDC, Pentium,
ARM
architecture,
MIPS, SPARC
Fifth 1991 to
present and
Beyond
Small
Computer
System
Interface
(SCSI), Video
Electronic
Standard
Association
(VESA)
Super Computers
Mainframe
Computers
Mini Computers
Personal Computers
Mobile Computers
Personal computer,
PowerPC,
PowerMacs,
PlayStation.
Commodore,
UNIX System,
Intel Pentium,
Pentium MMX,
Pentium II, AMD,
Athlon, Pentium
III, Pentium IV
Additional source: http://history.sandiego.edu/GEN/recording/computer1.html#gp05
5. ICTL for Secondary School - Computer Hardware Module
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The Cray-2 was the world's fastest
computer from 1985 to 1989.
A Honeywell-Bull DPS 7 mainframe,
circa 1990.
Multi-user mini computer at RAL
Activity 2: Types of Computers
Supercomputer
Supercomputer is a computer that led the world (or was
close to doing so) in terms of processing capacity,
particularly the speed of calculation, at the time of its
introduction. The term "Super Computing" was first used
by the New York World newspaper in 1929[1]
to refer to
large custom-built tabulators IBM made for Columbia
University. It was used to solve problems involving by
major universities, military agencies and scientific
research laboratories.
Additional Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputer
Mainframes
Mainframes are designed to handle very high volume input and output (I/O) and
emphasize throughout computing. It is used mainly, by large organizations for critical
applications, typically bulk data processing, industry and consumer statistics, ERP, and
financial transaction processing. The term probably originated from the early
mainframes, as they were housed in enormous, room-
sized metal boxes or frames. [1]
Later the term was used
to distinguish high-end commercial machines from less
powerful units which were often contained in smaller
packages. Today in practice, the term usually refers to
computers compatible with the IBM System/360 line, first
introduced in 1965. (IBM System z9 is IBM's latest
incarnation.) Otherwise, systems with similar functionality
but not based on the IBM System/360 are referred to as
"servers." However, "server" and "mainframe" are
different (see client-server).
Additional source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer
Mini Computer
Minicomputer is a midsized computer. It is an old term for
a class of multi-user computers, lies between the largest
multi-user systems (mainframe computers) and the
smallest single-user systems (microcomputers or personal
computers). In the past, it formed a different group with its
own hardware and operating systems.
Additional source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minicomputer
7. ICTL for Secondary School - Computer Hardware Module
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Activity 3: Different Types of Computer
There are a lot of terms used to describe computers. Most of these words imply the size,
expected use or capability of the computer. While the term computer can apply to
virtually any device that has a microprocessor in it, most people think of a computer as a
device that receives input from the user through a mouse or keyboard, processes it in
some fashion and displays the result on a screen.
• PC - The personal computer (PC) defines a computer designed for general
use by a single person.. PCs were first known as microcomputers because
they were a complete computer but built on a smaller scale than the huge
systems in use by most businesses.
• Desktop - A PC that is set up in a permanent location(not portable). Most
desktops offer more power, storage and versatility for less cost than their
portable brethren.
• Laptop - Also called notebook. Laptops are portable computers that
integrate the display, keyboard, a pointing device or trackball, processor,
memory and hard drive all in a battery-operated package slightly larger than
an average hardcover book.
• Palmtop - More commonly known as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs),
palmtops are tightly integrated computers that often use flash memory
instead of a hard drive for storage. These computers usually do not have
keyboards but rely on touchscreen technology for user input. Palmtops are
typically smaller than a paperback novel, very lightweight with a reasonable
battery life. A slightly larger and heavier version of the palmtop is the
handheld computer.
• Workstation - A desktop computer that has a more powerful processor,
additional memory and enhanced capabilities for performing a special group
of task, such as 3D Graphics or game development.
• Server - A computer that has been optimized to provide services to other
computers over a network. Servers usually have powerful processors, large
memory and hard drives.
• Mainframe - In the early days of computing, mainframes were huge
computers that could fill an entire room or even a whole floor. The size of
computers has diminished while its power has increased, the term mainframe
has fallen out of use in favor of enterprise server. You'll still hear the term
used, particularly in large companies to describe the huge machines
processing millions of transactions every day.
• Minicomputer - Another term rarely used nowadays. Minicomputers fall in
between microcomputers (PCs) and mainframes (enterprise servers).
Minicomputers are normally referred to as mid-range servers now.
8. ICTL for Secondary School - Computer Hardware Module
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• Supercomputer - This type of computer usually costs hundreds of thousands
or even millions of dollars. Although some supercomputers are single
computer systems, most are comprised of multiple high performance
computers working in parallel as a single system. The best known
supercomputers are built by Cray Supercomputers.
• Wearable - The latest trend in computing is wearable computers. Essentially,
common computer applications (e-mail, database, multimedia,
calendar/scheduler) are integrated into watches, cell phones, visors and even
clothing.
9. ICTL for Secondary School - Computer Hardware Module
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Worksheet 1
Compare the features of the generations of computers.
Generations Years Circuitry Devices Processors
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
10. ICTL for Secondary School - Computer Hardware Module
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Worksheet 2
Differentiate between a single user system and a multi user system.
Single user system Multi user system
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
11. ICTL for Secondary School - Computer Hardware Module
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Worksheet 3
Matching the description with the correct types of computers.
It is designed to handle very high volume
input and output (I/O) and emphasized
throughout computing.
It was used to solve problems in major
universities, military agencies and scientific
research laboratories.
A midsized and multi-user computer
Small desktop or portable computer,
typically designed to be used by one person
at a time although individual computers can
be linked in a network so that users can
share data and programs
A type of computer used for engineering
applications, desktop publishing, software
development and other types of applications.
• Supercomputer
• Micro Computer
• Mini Computer
• Work Station
• Mainframe