It elaborates the basic civic service delivery of water and sanitation with examples in urban areas with relevant images. It also speaks about water conservation.
The document discusses water management in rural districts of Same and Kigoma, Tanzania. It provides an overview of Tanzania's 2002 National Water Policy and its objectives to increase rural water access. It then describes ISF's work facilitating the establishment of legal water management entities at the community level in Kigoma and Same districts. This includes forming water user groups and associations, developing constitutions, and training communities in operation and maintenance. The summary highlights challenges around water access, quality, and sustainable management in the two districts.
The document discusses the need for public-private partnerships (PPPs) in sanitation in India. It notes that there are large gaps in demand and supply of sanitation infrastructure and services. Existing government policies and programs have faced challenges in implementation including poor awareness, institutional issues, and lack of integrated city-wide approaches. PPPs can help address these issues by de-politicizing user charges, allocating risks smartly, managing contingent liabilities, and building institutional capacities. Successful PPPs require commercial viability, political will to privatize, defining clear roles for public and private stakeholders, and end-user participation. Case studies of PPPs in Senegal, Argentina, and Morocco show some successes in
This presentation was used for an in-house IRC discussion on MUS, that took place 22 June 2012. Topics: new research evidence; MUS practices and Institutional opportunities and barriers for scaling MUS.
Orange County, New York earned LEED Silver certification for implementing sustainability strategies that improved living standards for residents. The county achieved 53 out of 110 possible points across categories like transportation, water, energy, and quality of life. Notable strategies included maintaining over 126,000 acres of protected open space, reducing per capita greenhouse gas emissions, and policies encouraging public transit and environmental equity.
The document provides an overview of projects being implemented in Shimla and Kullu cities under the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) scheme. It discusses the objectives of AMRUT which include providing water supply, sewerage, drainage, transportation and parks in urban areas. It then lists the various projects under implementation in Shimla and Kullu municipal corporations focusing on water supply, sewerage, drainage, transportation and parks. Finally, it summarizes the financial progress made and status of projects completed, ongoing and under planning in both cities.
Using big data analytics and sensors, this proposal aims to improve urban water supply systems by detecting leaks and optimizing distribution networks. Sensors would monitor flow and pressure to reconstruct networks and identify breaks in correlations indicating leaks. Algorithms would optimize sensor placement. Detected leaks would be quickly addressed. This could save up to 25% of water annually by timely detecting transmission losses. A pilot in Ahmedabad is proposed, installing sensors over 8 months with funding from governments or companies. Benefits include reduced water gaps and costs, while risks like resistance to changes can be addressed through training and collaboration.
The document discusses water management in rural districts of Same and Kigoma, Tanzania. It provides an overview of Tanzania's 2002 National Water Policy and its objectives to increase rural water access. It then describes ISF's work facilitating the establishment of legal water management entities at the community level in Kigoma and Same districts. This includes forming water user groups and associations, developing constitutions, and training communities in operation and maintenance. The summary highlights challenges around water access, quality, and sustainable management in the two districts.
The document discusses the need for public-private partnerships (PPPs) in sanitation in India. It notes that there are large gaps in demand and supply of sanitation infrastructure and services. Existing government policies and programs have faced challenges in implementation including poor awareness, institutional issues, and lack of integrated city-wide approaches. PPPs can help address these issues by de-politicizing user charges, allocating risks smartly, managing contingent liabilities, and building institutional capacities. Successful PPPs require commercial viability, political will to privatize, defining clear roles for public and private stakeholders, and end-user participation. Case studies of PPPs in Senegal, Argentina, and Morocco show some successes in
This presentation was used for an in-house IRC discussion on MUS, that took place 22 June 2012. Topics: new research evidence; MUS practices and Institutional opportunities and barriers for scaling MUS.
Orange County, New York earned LEED Silver certification for implementing sustainability strategies that improved living standards for residents. The county achieved 53 out of 110 possible points across categories like transportation, water, energy, and quality of life. Notable strategies included maintaining over 126,000 acres of protected open space, reducing per capita greenhouse gas emissions, and policies encouraging public transit and environmental equity.
The document provides an overview of projects being implemented in Shimla and Kullu cities under the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) scheme. It discusses the objectives of AMRUT which include providing water supply, sewerage, drainage, transportation and parks in urban areas. It then lists the various projects under implementation in Shimla and Kullu municipal corporations focusing on water supply, sewerage, drainage, transportation and parks. Finally, it summarizes the financial progress made and status of projects completed, ongoing and under planning in both cities.
Using big data analytics and sensors, this proposal aims to improve urban water supply systems by detecting leaks and optimizing distribution networks. Sensors would monitor flow and pressure to reconstruct networks and identify breaks in correlations indicating leaks. Algorithms would optimize sensor placement. Detected leaks would be quickly addressed. This could save up to 25% of water annually by timely detecting transmission losses. A pilot in Ahmedabad is proposed, installing sensors over 8 months with funding from governments or companies. Benefits include reduced water gaps and costs, while risks like resistance to changes can be addressed through training and collaboration.
This case study examines wastewater management planning challenges in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. The town relies entirely on septic systems but some areas have poor soils and high groundwater, causing failing systems. This contributed to contaminated stormwater runoff closing shellfish beds. The state environmental agency recommended sewers but townspeople opposed new infrastructure costs. Competing plans were developed and surveys found public opposition. A TMDL was issued to address pollution but the town did not commit to a solution. The state continued to support sewers while the town delayed decisions, seeking alternative options to address the public health and environmental problems.
The document summarizes India's AMRUT (Atal Mission for Reurbanization and Transformation) mission to improve infrastructure and quality of life in 500 cities. Key points include:
- The mission will invest Rs. 50,000 crore over 5 years to provide water supply, sewerage connections, stormwater drains, green spaces and other urban infrastructure to 500 cities.
- Implementation will be led by Urban Local Bodies with oversight from State and National level committees. Funds will be released in installments based on progress.
- The focus is on universal access to water supply and sewerage connections first, before expanding to other goals like non-motorized transport and public spaces. Increment
Understanding the Service Delivery Approach: the political economy of deliver...IRC
In this presentation Harold Lockwood examines structural challenges to development aid and proposes a different paradigm: a Service Delivery Approach.
For further information see: www.waterservicesthatlast.org
This document provides information about CAF India's sanitation and hygiene programme. CAF India is a registered Indian public trust that works to promote strategic giving and support philanthropic initiatives. Their sanitation and hygiene programme called RTS aims to provide access to sanitation facilities in schools and households, raise awareness of hygiene practices, and engage stakeholders through advocacy and capacity building. The programme has three pillars - access, awareness, and action. CAF India has experience implementing sanitation projects supported by private, public and UN partners. They are currently managing programmes like Support My School with Coca Cola and NDTV, and Banega Swachh India with NDTV and RB. The document invites partners to
The document discusses issues with implementing the World Bank-funded North East Irrigated Agriculture Project (NEIAP) in Sri Lanka at the community level. Key issues include a lack of capacity among community-based organizations and implementing agencies. World Bank policies like requiring projects to be completed within one year and hiring NGOs to mobilize communities have made implementation difficult. Suggested solutions include providing extensive training to CBOs, removing the mandatory role of NGOs, increasing local capacity building, and developing joint management between CBOs and NGOs. The discussion focuses on adapting World Bank policies and procedures to better support community-based development projects.
D1.4: Anil Vyas: Sustainable Access to Clean Drinking Water to 300,000 Urban ...Debbie_at_IDS
This document summarizes a key initiative in Madhya Pradesh, India to provide sustainable access to clean drinking water to 300,000 urban poor residents. It discusses the current water and sanitation situation in India and Madhya Pradesh, as well as several programs and projects being implemented to improve access, including the Madhya Pradesh Urban Infrastructure Investment Programme funded by UK DFID. The initiative focuses on reducing non-revenue water losses and providing solar water purification in urban slums to benefit the pro-poor, child-friendly urban planning in the state.
IMPORTANCE OF SMART CITY PROJECT AND ITS POLICIES AT VELLORE – A CASE STUDYShabaz Khan
The document provides an overview of the smart city project and policies in Vellore, India. It discusses the key components of smart cities including economic development, mobility, environment, infrastructure, and governance. It then analyzes Vellore's strengths such as its educational and healthcare institutions, industrial growth, and heritage sites. It identifies opportunities to leverage Vellore Institute of Technology to make Vellore an innovation hub. The document concludes with a SWOT analysis of Vellore's potential for growth as a smart city.
The document provides guidelines for urban planning techniques and practices in India according to UDPFI (Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation) standards. It outlines the need for guidelines to promote orderly and efficient urban development. The urban planning system involves perspective plans, development plans, annual plans and project plans. Norms and standards are provided for land use distribution, infrastructure, commercial facilities, recreation, transportation, and population densities for different sizes of urban areas. Recommendations include increasing densities in metro areas and encouraging renewable energy and waste management techniques.
1. What is a Smart city?
2. Criteria for a Smart city.
3. Timeline of smart city project.
4. Smart city projects in India.
5. Smart city elements.
6. Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)
This document discusses asset management practices in the Town of Golden. It provides information on the costs of various municipal services and infrastructure projects to help educate citizens. It also shares the results of a citizen survey that found residents want involvement in decisions and communication from the town. The document recommends improving communication, establishing an asset management committee with public representation, continuing cost-sharing negotiations, and educating citizens on civic government. The overall message is that practicing good asset management requires partnership between the town corporation, town council, and community.
Introduction to water supply scheme requiredHarshadaWagh7
The document discusses water supply schemes and quality of water. It provides an overview of key aspects of water supply schemes including the necessity of water, various phases of a water supply scheme from source selection to distribution, components of a water supply scheme and typical layout. It also discusses parameters for determining water quality such as physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics and provides a table outlining Indian drinking water quality standards.
This document provides an overview of water supply engineering. It discusses the key components of a water supply scheme including water sources, intake structures, pumping units, treatment units, elevated storage reservoirs, and distribution systems. It also outlines the important factors to consider such as water quantity requirements based on population, water quality parameters, and design period for different infrastructure. Physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics that determine water quality are also defined. The document concludes by listing the Bureau of Indian Standards permissible limits for different water quality parameters for drinking water.
The document proposes a planning model for urban infrastructure projects in India. It discusses problems facing Indian cities like rapid urbanization. Key ideas include using available resources and manpower efficiently. Various areas of infrastructure development are identified like water, sanitation, transportation. Authorities responsible for different areas are outlined. Investment requirements and potential loopholes in implementation are also summarized.
The Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) aims to provide basic amenities like water supply, sewerage and urban transport to 500 Indian cities. It focuses on ensuring access to water taps and sewer connections for all households, developing parks and greenspaces, and encouraging public transport use. The mission components include water supply, sewerage management, storm water drainage, urban transport and parks. It also emphasizes reforms and capacity building of urban local bodies.
The document discusses plans for implementing the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) in India. Key points include:
- The goal is to make India open defecation free by 2019 by providing toilets to all rural households.
- 11.11 crore toilets are needed to cover existing households without toilets and those with non-functional toilets.
- The program enhances subsidies for toilet construction and shifts responsibility for different aspects like school and anganwadi toilets to relevant departments.
- Strategies outlined include behavior change campaigns, monitoring outputs and outcomes, use of technology, and incentivizing best performing states and districts.
Smart city plan of vellore project cle stage 2 (Surveying)Vishwajeet Singh
This document outlines a smart city plan for Vellore, India. It includes objectives to create a city profile, propose pan-city initiatives, and develop an implementation plan. It analyzes conclusions from case studies on features to include, such as energy efficient buildings, public WiFi, IT connectivity, and pollution control systems. A city profile checklist covers quality of life, administrative efficiency, SWOT analysis, vision and goals, and citizen engagement. Details are provided on transportation, water availability, solid waste management, safety, energy availability and housing under quality of life. The document discusses administrative efficiency, opportunities, threats, visions and goals for the city, and examples of technologies to implement.
What will it take to create smart cities in India? Read more: http://bit.ly/1yjTA17
Transforming Transportation 2015: Smart Cities for Shared Prosperity is the annual conference co-organized by the World Resources Institute and the World Bank.
Future Cities: Ensuring world class civic amenities in urban India
This document outlines issues facing urban development in India and proposes solutions. It identifies problems with education, healthcare, recreation, transportation, environment, slum management, food security, technology, and basic amenities. Solutions proposed include improving education quality, increasing access to affordable healthcare, developing parks and recreation, improving transportation infrastructure, addressing pollution and waste, providing jobs and training to slum residents, adopting innovative technologies, and ensuring reliable access to electricity, water, and gas. The document discusses funding urban development through increased taxes, land sales, municipal bonds, and public-private partnerships. It also outlines potential positive impacts and challenges of modernizing India's cities.
The document discusses solutions to improve transportation and access to clean water in urban India. It proposes transit-oriented development to reduce congestion through dedicated public transport lanes and increasing density near transit hubs. It also recommends metering, incremental water tariffs, decentralized water systems, and water-centric community designs to improve water access, reduce losses, and encourage conservation.
The document outlines the key concepts of a smart city including features like smart transportation, water management, and waste management. It discusses the need for smart cities due to increasing urbanization. Smart cities aim to enhance quality of life and economic development through digital technologies and initiatives like e-governance and smart environment to efficiently manage resources and engage citizens. The goals are to create sustainable, safe, and affordable cities that generate jobs while reducing costs, energy use, and corruption.
This case study examines wastewater management planning challenges in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. The town relies entirely on septic systems but some areas have poor soils and high groundwater, causing failing systems. This contributed to contaminated stormwater runoff closing shellfish beds. The state environmental agency recommended sewers but townspeople opposed new infrastructure costs. Competing plans were developed and surveys found public opposition. A TMDL was issued to address pollution but the town did not commit to a solution. The state continued to support sewers while the town delayed decisions, seeking alternative options to address the public health and environmental problems.
The document summarizes India's AMRUT (Atal Mission for Reurbanization and Transformation) mission to improve infrastructure and quality of life in 500 cities. Key points include:
- The mission will invest Rs. 50,000 crore over 5 years to provide water supply, sewerage connections, stormwater drains, green spaces and other urban infrastructure to 500 cities.
- Implementation will be led by Urban Local Bodies with oversight from State and National level committees. Funds will be released in installments based on progress.
- The focus is on universal access to water supply and sewerage connections first, before expanding to other goals like non-motorized transport and public spaces. Increment
Understanding the Service Delivery Approach: the political economy of deliver...IRC
In this presentation Harold Lockwood examines structural challenges to development aid and proposes a different paradigm: a Service Delivery Approach.
For further information see: www.waterservicesthatlast.org
This document provides information about CAF India's sanitation and hygiene programme. CAF India is a registered Indian public trust that works to promote strategic giving and support philanthropic initiatives. Their sanitation and hygiene programme called RTS aims to provide access to sanitation facilities in schools and households, raise awareness of hygiene practices, and engage stakeholders through advocacy and capacity building. The programme has three pillars - access, awareness, and action. CAF India has experience implementing sanitation projects supported by private, public and UN partners. They are currently managing programmes like Support My School with Coca Cola and NDTV, and Banega Swachh India with NDTV and RB. The document invites partners to
The document discusses issues with implementing the World Bank-funded North East Irrigated Agriculture Project (NEIAP) in Sri Lanka at the community level. Key issues include a lack of capacity among community-based organizations and implementing agencies. World Bank policies like requiring projects to be completed within one year and hiring NGOs to mobilize communities have made implementation difficult. Suggested solutions include providing extensive training to CBOs, removing the mandatory role of NGOs, increasing local capacity building, and developing joint management between CBOs and NGOs. The discussion focuses on adapting World Bank policies and procedures to better support community-based development projects.
D1.4: Anil Vyas: Sustainable Access to Clean Drinking Water to 300,000 Urban ...Debbie_at_IDS
This document summarizes a key initiative in Madhya Pradesh, India to provide sustainable access to clean drinking water to 300,000 urban poor residents. It discusses the current water and sanitation situation in India and Madhya Pradesh, as well as several programs and projects being implemented to improve access, including the Madhya Pradesh Urban Infrastructure Investment Programme funded by UK DFID. The initiative focuses on reducing non-revenue water losses and providing solar water purification in urban slums to benefit the pro-poor, child-friendly urban planning in the state.
IMPORTANCE OF SMART CITY PROJECT AND ITS POLICIES AT VELLORE – A CASE STUDYShabaz Khan
The document provides an overview of the smart city project and policies in Vellore, India. It discusses the key components of smart cities including economic development, mobility, environment, infrastructure, and governance. It then analyzes Vellore's strengths such as its educational and healthcare institutions, industrial growth, and heritage sites. It identifies opportunities to leverage Vellore Institute of Technology to make Vellore an innovation hub. The document concludes with a SWOT analysis of Vellore's potential for growth as a smart city.
The document provides guidelines for urban planning techniques and practices in India according to UDPFI (Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation) standards. It outlines the need for guidelines to promote orderly and efficient urban development. The urban planning system involves perspective plans, development plans, annual plans and project plans. Norms and standards are provided for land use distribution, infrastructure, commercial facilities, recreation, transportation, and population densities for different sizes of urban areas. Recommendations include increasing densities in metro areas and encouraging renewable energy and waste management techniques.
1. What is a Smart city?
2. Criteria for a Smart city.
3. Timeline of smart city project.
4. Smart city projects in India.
5. Smart city elements.
6. Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)
This document discusses asset management practices in the Town of Golden. It provides information on the costs of various municipal services and infrastructure projects to help educate citizens. It also shares the results of a citizen survey that found residents want involvement in decisions and communication from the town. The document recommends improving communication, establishing an asset management committee with public representation, continuing cost-sharing negotiations, and educating citizens on civic government. The overall message is that practicing good asset management requires partnership between the town corporation, town council, and community.
Introduction to water supply scheme requiredHarshadaWagh7
The document discusses water supply schemes and quality of water. It provides an overview of key aspects of water supply schemes including the necessity of water, various phases of a water supply scheme from source selection to distribution, components of a water supply scheme and typical layout. It also discusses parameters for determining water quality such as physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics and provides a table outlining Indian drinking water quality standards.
This document provides an overview of water supply engineering. It discusses the key components of a water supply scheme including water sources, intake structures, pumping units, treatment units, elevated storage reservoirs, and distribution systems. It also outlines the important factors to consider such as water quantity requirements based on population, water quality parameters, and design period for different infrastructure. Physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics that determine water quality are also defined. The document concludes by listing the Bureau of Indian Standards permissible limits for different water quality parameters for drinking water.
The document proposes a planning model for urban infrastructure projects in India. It discusses problems facing Indian cities like rapid urbanization. Key ideas include using available resources and manpower efficiently. Various areas of infrastructure development are identified like water, sanitation, transportation. Authorities responsible for different areas are outlined. Investment requirements and potential loopholes in implementation are also summarized.
The Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) aims to provide basic amenities like water supply, sewerage and urban transport to 500 Indian cities. It focuses on ensuring access to water taps and sewer connections for all households, developing parks and greenspaces, and encouraging public transport use. The mission components include water supply, sewerage management, storm water drainage, urban transport and parks. It also emphasizes reforms and capacity building of urban local bodies.
The document discusses plans for implementing the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) in India. Key points include:
- The goal is to make India open defecation free by 2019 by providing toilets to all rural households.
- 11.11 crore toilets are needed to cover existing households without toilets and those with non-functional toilets.
- The program enhances subsidies for toilet construction and shifts responsibility for different aspects like school and anganwadi toilets to relevant departments.
- Strategies outlined include behavior change campaigns, monitoring outputs and outcomes, use of technology, and incentivizing best performing states and districts.
Smart city plan of vellore project cle stage 2 (Surveying)Vishwajeet Singh
This document outlines a smart city plan for Vellore, India. It includes objectives to create a city profile, propose pan-city initiatives, and develop an implementation plan. It analyzes conclusions from case studies on features to include, such as energy efficient buildings, public WiFi, IT connectivity, and pollution control systems. A city profile checklist covers quality of life, administrative efficiency, SWOT analysis, vision and goals, and citizen engagement. Details are provided on transportation, water availability, solid waste management, safety, energy availability and housing under quality of life. The document discusses administrative efficiency, opportunities, threats, visions and goals for the city, and examples of technologies to implement.
What will it take to create smart cities in India? Read more: http://bit.ly/1yjTA17
Transforming Transportation 2015: Smart Cities for Shared Prosperity is the annual conference co-organized by the World Resources Institute and the World Bank.
Future Cities: Ensuring world class civic amenities in urban India
This document outlines issues facing urban development in India and proposes solutions. It identifies problems with education, healthcare, recreation, transportation, environment, slum management, food security, technology, and basic amenities. Solutions proposed include improving education quality, increasing access to affordable healthcare, developing parks and recreation, improving transportation infrastructure, addressing pollution and waste, providing jobs and training to slum residents, adopting innovative technologies, and ensuring reliable access to electricity, water, and gas. The document discusses funding urban development through increased taxes, land sales, municipal bonds, and public-private partnerships. It also outlines potential positive impacts and challenges of modernizing India's cities.
The document discusses solutions to improve transportation and access to clean water in urban India. It proposes transit-oriented development to reduce congestion through dedicated public transport lanes and increasing density near transit hubs. It also recommends metering, incremental water tariffs, decentralized water systems, and water-centric community designs to improve water access, reduce losses, and encourage conservation.
The document outlines the key concepts of a smart city including features like smart transportation, water management, and waste management. It discusses the need for smart cities due to increasing urbanization. Smart cities aim to enhance quality of life and economic development through digital technologies and initiatives like e-governance and smart environment to efficiently manage resources and engage citizens. The goals are to create sustainable, safe, and affordable cities that generate jobs while reducing costs, energy use, and corruption.
This document outlines the strategy and approach for developing smart cities in India. It discusses developing smart cities through retrofitting existing areas of at least 500 acres, redeveloping existing urban sprawl of at least 50 acres, and developing new greenfield townships of at least 250 acres. Selection of cities for funding will be through a "City Challenge" competition. An integrated smart city development plan will be submitted first for initial funding, followed by more detailed project reports. Implementation will involve special purpose vehicles with participation from central, state and local governments as well as private developers. National and regional project management units will oversee the process.
This document discusses solutions to improve civic amenities in urban India by addressing issues with transportation, water and sanitation, power supply, slums, and garbage management. It proposes developing an integrated public transportation system using BRTS, metro, and mono-rail. It also recommends increasing renewable energy production, reducing power theft using smart grids, and improving water infrastructure through public-private partnerships. For slums, it proposes constructing multi-story housing blocks with basic amenities and employing slum residents in redevelopment. It also advocates segregating garbage at source using separate pipes in buildings.
Rural Infrastructure Development Projects Under MGNREGA, Clean Village : A St...'Denish Makvana'
(1)Rural Infrastructure Development Projects Under MGNREGA,
(2)Clean Village : A Step Towards Clean India Campaign,
(3)Concept Sustainable Planning Of feasible Infrastructure Facilities And Tourism Site Development.
The document provides details of a proposed smart city plan for Vellore, India. It includes a budget of 4500 crore rupees for infrastructure projects over 20 years. Key areas of focus include improved water supply, sanitation, electricity, mobility services, housing, and waste management. The document also discusses smart city features, case studies of other Indian smart cities, and provides a SWOT analysis of Vellore to help guide its development.
Similar to Module service delivery niz 04.12.2014 rev2 (20)
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
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Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
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Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
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Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
1. Brothers & SistersBrothers & Sisters
Welcome to a PresentationWelcome to a Presentation
onon
ImprovingImproving
Basic Service DeliveryBasic Service Delivery
G. Kondala Rao
Chief Engineer
APUFIDC; Mob 9618888983
email: raogkondala2020@gmail.com
2. • Urban Basic Services - Delivery systems
• Improving Service Delivery
• Role of Different Functionaries
• Services Management
• Regulatory Mechanism
• Service Level Benchmarking
• Challenges in Service Delivery
• Addressing the Challenges
• Way Forward
Overview
2
3. Urban Basic Services
• Water Supply
• Sanitation – On-site and off-site
• Solid Waste Management
• Storm Water Drainage
• Roads, Bridges, Flyovers and Transport
• Street Lighting
• Parks & Play Grounds
• Burial Grounds
4. Millennium Development Goal 7: Ensure
Environmental Sustainability
Target 7.C: “Halve, by 2015, the proportion of
people without sustainable access to safe drinking
water and basic sanitation”
In the world >0.86 billion people lack access to
safe water supply and >2.5 billion lack access to
safe sanitation
In India, 12.73 lakh children < 1 yr age (IMR 42 per 1000
live births) died in 2011 due to Wat-san related diseases4
5. Basic Principles in Service Delivery
• Water and Sanitation for All
• Safety and Security for All
• Basic civic services should be:
– Universal and Accessible
– Sustainable
– Affordable and Equitable
• Disaster Risk Reduction & Climate Change Adaptation
• Environmental sustainability
• Financial sustainability
• Energy and Water conservation
• Resource Use Efficiency
6. Delivery Systems
• Municipal Administration Department
– Commissioner & Director of Municipal Administration;
– Public Health & Municipal Engineering Department;
– Director of Town & Country Planning;
– Urban Development Authorities.
• Engineer-in-Chief (Public Health)
– SE (PH), EE (PH), DEE (PH);
– Municipal Engineers – EE, DEE, AE, MAE.
• Activities performed: Preparation of DPRs, obtaining
sanctions, tendering, implementation, QA, O&M.
• SWM - collection, segregation, recycling, composting, landfill
mgt., dealt by MHO, C&DMA monitors. Tech. inputs by Engrs.
• Projects will be executed by private contracting
agencies, or on PPP basis.
7. Roles & Responsibilities
• Adm. Sanction by Commissioner/Standing
Council/Council/Govt. based on Cost.
• Technical Sanction accorded by:
– E-in-C (PH)/CE (PH) - for works > Rs.50 lakhs
– SE (PH) - for works from Rs.10-50 lakhs
– EE (PH) - for works up to Rs.10 lakhs
• Tenders will be approved by Commissioner: based on
recommendation of CE up to Rs.2 cr., SE up to Rs.50
lakhs and of EE up to Rs.10 lakhs.
• For 2-10 Cr. works, COT approval is necessary for
finalizing the tenders.
• For > 10 Cr. works, EPC system of contract should
be followed.
8. Roles & Responsibilities
• Engineers are responsible: for the implementation
and quality of works.
• They are responsible for: proper O&M of facilities.
• They are also responsible for proper O&M of SWM
vehicles, landfill etc.
• The Engineers will be assisted by
– Work Inspectors in field for maintaining quality of works, and
– Draughtsmen in office for ensuring accuracy of designs,
estimates, drawings, tenders, Agreements etc.
• They will be under the Admin. Control of E-in-C (PH).
• Tenders for works costing >Rs1 Lakh shall be thro’
e-procurement.
• CE/SE/EE act as adviser on engg. issues to Council.
9. Management – Regulatory Mechanism
• Council is the Statutory Authority responsible for Governance
of the ULB in line with the prevailing legislative framework.
• Commissioner is Adm. Head managing its day-to-day affairs.
• A realistic Budget will be prepared by Commissioner involving
all depts. and the citizens in a transparent manner, and
approved by the Council.
• The engg. proposals will be put up to the Council through the
Commissioner, complying with the Budget provision.
• All activities of Engg. Section i.e., Projects/Construction,
Quality Control and O&M of utilities to be monitored by the SE.
• Third Party QA/QC (TPQA) mandatory for all works >1 lakh.
• TPQA also is desirable for O&M activities also.
10. Management – Regulatory Mechanism
• The Council is expected to oversee:
• That all its resolutions are in tune with the
Municipal Corporations Act,
• The execution of works, their quality and timely
completion,
• O&M management,
• Community participation in every aspect of
Governance,
• The councillors are the bridge between the Council
and the citizens, both ways,
• Social audit,
• Sanction of projects, funding from State/Central
Govts., updation of accounts and audit.
11. Urban Vision
Characteristics of a Smart City
• Governance - Smart, participatory and consultative
• Efficient services - Universal, accessible, equitable and affordable
• Mobility - Seamless, Safe and Green Transport
• Public safety - Safe and secure for all
• Economy - Competitive, productive and equitable
• Finances - Self-sustaining
• Environment - Sustainable, clean, green, renewable energy driven
• Technology - Digital, innovation driven with Integration, ITES, OFC
• Planning - Inclusive, Low carbon growth model
• Citizens - Healthy, eco-friendly, knowledgeable, skilled and
gainfully employed
• Recreational life - vibrant
• Livability - Eminently livable, affordable market places
12. Status of Basic Services - Nizamabad
• Water supply coverage ~ 80%; capacity – 73 MLD; Supply 46 MLD
• Total slums – 83 (population ~ 1.40 lakhs);
• Uncovered slums – 11 (population ~ 30,000)
• Sewerage – 0 (80% network covered. LA for STPs due)
• SWM D-o-D collection -80% (segregation ~Nil;Transportation ~80%)
• SW Drainage Coverage ~ 50% (out of 731 km road length)
• Pucca Roads – ~200 km (out of total 731km)
• Street Lighting coverage ~ 90%;
• Telangana
– Clean Tap water within premises – 36.54%
– Latrines within premises - 52.44%
13. • We are 4,87,709 (2014 HH Survey);
in 53.83 sq.km.
• 1000:1001 (Male: Female)
• Nizamabad also finds mention in
ancient India as a part of Assaka
Mahajanpada.
Mana Induru (Nizamabad)
13
Sagar of IITK presented his research in structural biology
& biochemistry at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry,
Germany on the structure of part of a human cell
responsible for vital organs taking shape in mother’s
womb.
Sagar Bhogaraju
16. Human Development
• IMR ~ 41 per 1000 live births ( State)
52 (Niz. Dt.)
• MMR – 133.2 per 1 lakh deliveries (State)
- 116 (Niz. Dt.)
State Nizamabad Dt.
• HDI 0.513 0.466
• Sex Ratio 992:1000 1001 : 1000
• Child Sex ratio 943:1000 1040:1000
• Literacy 61.25 66.46%
• Secondary school drop out rate: 38.21%
17. Corporators – Onerous responsibilities
• Adopting a vision and future direction for the city.
• Endeavour:
– To implement the state and central level urban legislations;
– Central and state level policies, programmes etc.
• Deliberations on policy and institutional issues in Council:
– Sanction of projects;
– Budget approval and sanction of funds;
– Develop his division and contribute to overall growth of city;
• Citizens needs and grievances:
– Accessibility to citizens; improving quality of life, incl. vulnerable groups
– Represent their needs & grievances in Council, approval
– Ensure citizens participation in municipal programmes;
• Giving direction and guidance to municipal officials
• Monitoring implementation: CRs, projects, QA/QC and O&M
• Envtl. sustainability – Create awareness on Energy & Water
• Coordinate with local, higher authorities-approvals, funding
• Playing a Mediatory role between public and the Council.
18. Improving Service Delivery
Rapid increase in Urban
population, rising incomes
& high citizen’s aspirations
Despite provision of
extensive infrastructure at
huge costs, level of urban
service delivery poor.
Hence GoI introduced SLB
to improve service levels
and to achieve the best
practice benchmarks.
Service level improvement
is a continuous
19. World Happiness Report of UNGA:
Global Happiness Index
• The WHR 2013 ranks nations on
the basis of six key factors that
include:
– GDP per capita,
– Healthy life expectancy,
– Someone to count on,
– Perceived freedom to make life
choices,
– Freedom from corruption, and
– Generosity.
• India ranks 111 out of 156 nations;
behind Pakistan (81) and Bangladesh
(108)
• 8% drop in HI in 2010-12 over 2005-07
20. Citizen Satisfaction Survey Topics -
Canada
• Key topics covered in the Citizen Satisfaction
study:
– Top priority local issues;
– Quality of life;
– Perceptions of staff and Council;
– Satisfaction with municipal services;
– Perceived value for taxes; and,
– Communication and
information needs.
22. Need for Smart Cities
The global environment in which people live.
People's thinking and values about their way of life are
undergoing significant changes.
If people and the Earth are both changing, then surely the
cities that link them together must also change.
The international call for action in response to changes in the
global and urban environments.
The world in which people live is being changed by:
Rresource depletion,
Urban issues, and
Problems brought about by climate change and
Increases in the size and concentration of population.
23. Kazan - SMART CITY
Republic of Tatarstanhttp://kazansmartcity.com/what-is-kazan-smart-city/
29. • City Development Plan (CDP) preparation
• Comprehensive Infra Studies & Master Plan
• Implementation Strategy
• Detailed Project Reports (DPRs)
– Creation of sustainable infrastructure
– Sustainable O&M and challenges
• Enabling Reforms
– Service Level Benchmarking (SLB)
– Energy Conservation & Efficiency Improvement
– Recycling and Reuse of waste water
– Stakeholder participation and effective communication
– e-Governance, Inclusive Governance and Planning
– Revenue Improvement & Cost Recovery thro’ ICT
– Capacity Enhancement
Major tasks include:
29
30. What is CDP?
It is a ~15-20 year perspective plan to develop the city in a
comprehensive and integrated manner.
Involves improving the infrastructure in all sectors (incl.
social) in key performance indicators and enabling Reforms.
Need for CDP
In view of the rapid urbanization, the city needs to be
developed in a planned manner to make it livable,
economically vibrant, self-sustainable and inclusive.
CDP Process & Preparation of document
Stakeholder workshop - Vision – Working groups – Strategy
–Deficiencies and Gaps in Service Levels–Sector-wise plans
–O&M plan-Reforms-Prioritize–Costing–Financing options.
CDP Implementation plan
Immediate, Short term and Long term (DPRs) Plans 30
CDP – City Development Plan
31. • The CDP should be prepared and a Strategy for its
Implementation should be evolved.
• The following strategy may be considered:
• Immediate measures (easy & no/low cost measures)
• Short Term Measures (needing less funds)
• Long Term Measures (needing huge funds)
• For Long Term measures,
• DPR may be prepared and implemented.
• Projects should be formulated
• After ascertaining the gaps in Service Levels;
• Formulate proposals to bridge the gap to achieve the Benchmarks;
• thus improving the quality of life of the citizens.
31
Strategy - Action Plan
32. • Comprehensive Studies & preparation of Master Plans for:
• Water Supply
• Sanitation (on-site sanitation & sewerage)
• Storm water drainage
• Solid waste management
• Energy (Audit) conservation & efficiency
• Comprehensive Mobility Plan for Traffic and Transport
• Studies include Preparation of Master Plans & Proposals
• Mapping of all facilities/installations to be done if not
already available.
• Prioritization of Towns, Sectors and Projects.
• Preparation of Preliminary Project Reports
• Preparation of DPRs.
32
Comprehensive Studies
33. • Per capita supply of water in LPCD - 135
• Coverage of water supply connections - 100 %
• Extent of Non-revenue water - 20%
• Extent of metering - 100%
• Continuity of Water Supplied - 24 hrs
• Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints - 80%
• Quality of Water Supplied - 100%
• Cost recovery - 100%
• Efficiency in Collection of Water Charges - 90%
33
SLBs – Urban Water Supply
34. Coverage of Toilets - 100%
Coverage of Sewerage Network - 100%
Collection efficiency of Sewerage Network - 100%
Adequacy of Sewage Treatment Capacity - 100%
Quality of Sewage Treatment - 100%
Extent of Reuse and Recycling of Sewage - 20%
Extent of cost recovery in waste water mgt.- 100%
Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints- 80%
Efficiency in Collection of Sewerage Charges - 90%
34
SLB’s – Sewerage
35. Water is the elixir of Life. - Vedas
Water is life. Sanitation is Dignity. –
South African Constitution.
36. Coverage of with covered drains - 100%
Incidence of water logging (No. of times) - 0
36
SLB’s – Storm Water Drainage
42. Lack of
Records on the existing facilities, designs, maps,
registers, studies, maps, updation.
Proper asset management.
Poor O&M of facilities.
Mechanism for updation like GIS based mapping.
Focus on O&M etc. at institutional level.
Effective communication with the public.
O&M plan and budgetary approval.
Devolution of powers to enable prompt O&M.
Proper accounting and auditing.
Customer orientation and communication.
42
Challenges in Service Delivery
– General
43. • Poor capacities of operating & supervisory staff
• Poor utilization of existing facilities & capacities.
• Inadequate human resources management.
• Inadequate institutional capacity.
• Poor Financial strength of ULBs.
• Lack of coordination among line depts.and ULBs.
• Lack of O&M cost recovery.
• Lack of Willingness to Pay
43
Challenges in Service Delivery
– General
44. Absence of holistic, multi-sectoral, basin-wise
approach to projects - integrating rural-urban.
Poor condition of utilities due to poor O&M.
Non-Revenue Water (Volume of water delivered into the
network – Billed consumption)
Intermittent supply & no thrust on 24x7 supply.
Lack of metering and poor working of meters.
Unviable Tariff.
Absence of Seasonal Tariffs and Telescopic Charges
for energy.
44
Challenges in Service Delivery
– Water Supply
45. Inappropriately targeted subsidies.
Poor billing and collection systems.
Lack of water conservation and Water Safety Plan.
Non-adoption of Recycling, Reuse of waste water.
Non-adoption of latest technology and softwares.
Lack of focus on energy conservation and efficiency
Poor O&M of water supply facilities.
Preventing contamination of water sources
Improving efficiency, if necessary thro’ PPP, of:
Billing,
O&M of pumping stations,
45
Challenges in Service Delivery
– Water Supply
46. ONSITE SANITATION / SEWERAGE
• Lack of awareness in citizens on proper usage of
Individual Toilets.
• Lack of effective septage management.
• Lack of advance planning for LA for STPs.
• Lack of focus on O&M of sewage pumping
stations, STPs, sewer cleaning etc.
• Lack of modern sewer cleaning equipment.
• Lack of focus on eliminating manual scavenging.
• Lack of focus on workers’ safety and health.
46
Challenges in Service Delivery
– Sewerage & SWM
47. SWM
• Focus on 5R’s – Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover, Residual
Management.
• Lack of full coverage of Door to Door collection.
• Absence of source segregation.
• Absence of a closed loop approach for SWM.
• Poor O&M of transportation equipment.
• Lack of Landfill site.
• Poor management of Landfill by just dumping.
• Lack of technical capacities and understanding of SWM
related issues - composting, Waste to Energy etc.
47
Challenges in Service Delivery
– Solid Waste Management
48. • Poor energy conservation
• Lack of energy efficiency initiatives and latest
technologies in Lighting & Saving
• LED/Induction Lamps, Timer Controllers and
Power savers.
• Poor understanding of energy related issues in
ULB staff.
• Lack of use of renewable energy technologies
– solar, wind, hybrid etc.
• Lack of coordination with NREDCAP, MNRE,
BEE etc.
48
Challenges in Service Delivery
– Street Lighting
49.
50. • India loses Rs.60000 Cr / annum. due to traffic
congestion.
• There is general lack of
• Awareness on National Urban Transport Policy 2006.
• Focus on public transport.
• Focus on non-motorized transport.
• Civic sense among general public.
• Junction improvements, traffic signaling.
• Focus on improving Green mobility & Connectivity.
• Focus on Road safety.
• Integration of Land use & Transportation planning.
• Rationalization of parking charges.
• Road pricing and Congestion charging. 50
Challenges in Service Delivery
– Urban Transport
56. • Operation & Maintenance
• Operation;
• Routine and Repair & Breakdown maintenance
• Bring dignity to O&M functions by:
• Greater focus on O&M of utilities by the Management.
• O&M monitoring cell at Council level for periodical review
• Recognizing good performance.
• Prepare O&M plan for the city
• Covering all sectors & Council approval for O&M allocations
• Customer grievance cell, online monitoring and linkage to citizens charter
• Capacity building of staff to be accorded top priority.
• Health, Safety and Environmental standards to be ensured.
• Quality & Quantity of supply to be continuously monitored – testing,
metering & pressure gauges.
56
Operation & Maintenance
57. • A O&M Monitoring Committee at Council level will oversee the
implementation of O&M plan. It will:
• Comprise Mayor, Commissioner, one Corporator for each sector,
HOD of Engg.Wing, CDS/SLF members, external engg. expert.
• Monitor the execution of O&M plan on continuous basis.
• Meet monthly and review the implementation of O&M plan in all
sectors in the city, w.r.t. targeted service levels.
• Review the working of TPQA and Social Audit Group/Agency.
• It will Monitor: Water drawls, pumping, filtration, disinfection, filling,
overflows, distribution, supply thro’ taps and Residual Chlorine.
• It will also monitor leakages, unauthorized connections, drainage
crossings and sewage/sullage discharges.
• Cause water audit and arrive at NRW. Take actions to bring it <20%.
• Oversee water conservation and efficiency of use of water supplied.
• Monitor water safety by overseeing implementation of Water Safety Plan
57
Monitoring of O&M - Water supply
58. • Metering–enables volumetric charging, effective control, demand mgt.
• Pilot 24x7 water supply - helps prevent water pollution and wastage,
promotes convenience and girls’ education.
• Tariff rationalization - for achieving full O&M cost recovery and
automatic annual updating of tariffs.
• Energy conservation & efficiency improvement in Water Supply,
Sewerage and Street Lighting; water conservation.
#38. Damaged impeller of pump –Does retrofitting help save ene...
• Proper O&M of all components
• Preventive & breakdown.
• e-billing and e-collection (e-pos).
.
58
Monitoring of O&M - Water supply
60. • Rationalizing Contracted Maximum Demand
• Installation of capacitors
• Segregation of Light & Fan loads
• Improving O&M of equipment. Eg. PF meter
• Conducting energy audit for pumping stations
• Improving capacities of operating staff
60
APUSP INITIATIVES– Water Pumping
61. • Analyzing past power bills
• Liaison with DISCOMs for timely reconciliation
• Appeal to ERC on seasonal pumping etc.
• Going for Gravity flow – wherever feasible
• Converting LT category to HT - HT category to LT
• Prompt payment of energy bills
61
APUSP INITIATIVES– Water Pumping
65. Energy Efficiency Benefits
Industry
• Reduced energy
bills
• Increased
Competitiveness
• Increased
productivity
• Improved quality
• Increased profits !
Nation
• Reduced energy
imports
• Avoided costs can
be used for poverty
reduction
• Conservation of
limited resources
• Improved energy
security
Globe
• Reduced GHG
emissions
• Maintains a
sustainable
environment
66. • 24X7 Water Supply on pilot basis run in Hubli, Dharwad, & Belgaum for ~
35,000 HSC’s - executed & being maintained by Veolia.
• Substantial NRW reduction in VMC & GVMC by implementation of
SCADA.
• SCADA for water supply distribution in Pimpri-Chinchwad, Metering,
Computerized water billing, Web based Complaint and Monitoring
• Water Supply to informal settlements in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand by
JUSCO at affordable cost (Coverage: 90,000 population).
• Installation of GIS - Distribution Mgt., Single window grievance redressal,
24X7 consumer Helpline, Legalizing illegal connections etc.
66
Best Practices – Water Supply
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72. • Water Safety Plan in Vijayawada Municipal Corporation from
source to consumer point – hazard and risk assessment &
minimization
• Storm Water Drainage
• Fukuoka - San-no rain water adjustment pond in a park for
flood control
• Tsurumi River Channel improprement (Embankment,
bridging etc.)
• Multipurpose retarding basin for Tsurumi River at
Yukohama international general athletic stadium and
diversion channel.
• Near Tsurumi River, a building has adopted a piloti type
structure to permit the use of the retarding basin to protect it
during floods.
72
Best Practices – Water Supply
73. SEWERAGE
• STP along with power generation in Delawas,
Pratap Nagar & Jawer Nagar in Jaipur, Rajastan.
• Electricity generation from STP in Vadodara,
Gujarat.
MSW
• MSW rejuvenation project in Gorai Dumping
yard, Mumbai Maharastra (2010). This is spread
over 19.6 Ha.,2.34 Mn.T upto 26m.ht. Agency:
United Phosphorus&Vamderweil for 15 yrs under
DBOOT.
• Carbon credits exp. ~Rs.72Cr.(> capital cost). 73
Best Practices
74. • Congestion Charging is in operation since Feb 2003 & extended
later. Main aim is to reduce congestion in central London by
encouraging drivers to switch from private car use to other modes of
transport.
• During its hours of operation, vehicle drivers have to pay £8/day to
travel within the Congestion Charging zone, subject to certain
discounts.
• It also produces net revenues to support London's Transport
Strategy, most of which was allocated to improve bus
operations.
• Congestion was substantially reduced within the zone by reducing
the traffic entering the zone by ~ 20%.
•This has made central London a pleasant place to live, work and
visit.
• The initial traffic and congestion reduction led to overall CO2
reductions of 16% in the charging zone, NOx emission reduction of
8%, PM10 of 6%.
The Central London Congestion Charging
Scheme
Best Practices – Transport Sector
75. • For delivering improved and efficient services to all by:
• Encouraging participation of all stakeholders from planning to O&M.
• Focus on meeting SLBs for improving citizens’ quality of life.
• Wise water Management– a) RWH, b) Ground Water Recharging, c)
Grey Water Recycling,
• 24x7 water supply (universal, affordable, safe). Water is life.
• Implement Water Safety Plan.
• Sanitation for All - Open defecation free – universal, affordable
sanitation. Sanitation is Dignity. Swachh Bharat.
• Storm Water Drainage – 100% coverage, minimum incidences of
inundation as per design rainfall.
• Integrated SWM - end-to-end green solution (garbage free).
• Green mobility, Safe, Efficient & Sustainable transport.
• Facilitating citizens to be delighted with municipal services.
75
Way Forward
Contd….
76. Prepare O&M plan with costs for all sectors:
Inviting participation of all stakeholders
Sector-wise allocations in municipal budget to achieve SLBs
Delegation of powers
O&M Monitoring Committee to review implementation
Implement O&M plan & ensure sustainability of infra.
Achieve full O&M cost recovery. Rationalize tariff.
Implement e-pos system for billing and collection.
Utilize I&CT, GIS, GPS, Remote Sensing technologies in
improving Service Delivery & Cost Recovery.
Focus on enhancing energy and water conservation &
efficiency improvement, and reduce expenditure.
Develop Human Resources and provide motivation. 76
Way Forward
78. Purpose of life?
• Purpose of our life?
• MY family? Are WE connected?
• Love our fellow beings? Why?
• How do we get happiness in life?
• We are what we are at present. How?
79. Essentials for Fulfillment
• We share genes - African ancestors - 80000 years
ago.
• The inner urge - to serve our fellow beings?
• Duty saturated with Love towards Fellow Beings -
Transforms into Service
• A Goal -Team work-Together Everyone Achieves
More
• Trust – Ownership - Learning – Sharing -
Networking
• Sustained Capacity Building
• Perseverance & Continuous Monitoring
• Appreciation for Good Performers