The document presents a comprehensive overview of improving urban basic service delivery in municipalities, detailing various services like water supply, sanitation, waste management, and infrastructure development. It highlights the regulatory mechanisms, roles of officials, challenges in service delivery, and the need for participatory governance in achieving urban sustainability. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of city development planning and service level benchmarking to enhance the quality of life for citizens amidst rapid urbanization.

1. Brothers & SistersBrothers & Sisters
Welcome to a PresentationWelcome to a Presentation
onon
ImprovingImproving
Basic Service DeliveryBasic Service Delivery
G. Kondala Rao
Chief Engineer
APUFIDC; Mob 9618888983
email: raogkondala2020@gmail.com

2. • Urban Basic Services - Delivery systems
• Improving Service Delivery
• Role of Different Functionaries
• Services Management
• Regulatory Mechanism
• Service Level Benchmarking
• Challenges in Service Delivery
• Addressing the Challenges
• Way Forward
Overview
2

3. Urban Basic Services
• Water Supply
• Sanitation – On-site and off-site
• Solid Waste Management
• Storm Water Drainage
• Roads, Bridges, Flyovers and Transport
• Street Lighting
• Parks & Play Grounds
• Burial Grounds

4. Millennium Development Goal 7: Ensure
Environmental Sustainability
Target 7.C: “Halve, by 2015, the proportion of
people without sustainable access to safe drinking
water and basic sanitation”
In the world >0.86 billion people lack access to
safe water supply and >2.5 billion lack access to
safe sanitation
 In India, 12.73 lakh children < 1 yr age (IMR 42 per 1000
live births) died in 2011 due to Wat-san related diseases4

5. Basic Principles in Service Delivery
• Water and Sanitation for All
• Safety and Security for All
• Basic civic services should be:
– Universal and Accessible
– Sustainable
– Affordable and Equitable
• Disaster Risk Reduction & Climate Change Adaptation
• Environmental sustainability
• Financial sustainability
• Energy and Water conservation
• Resource Use Efficiency

6. Delivery Systems
• Municipal Administration Department
– Commissioner & Director of Municipal Administration;
– Public Health & Municipal Engineering Department;
– Director of Town & Country Planning;
– Urban Development Authorities.
• Engineer-in-Chief (Public Health)
– SE (PH), EE (PH), DEE (PH);
– Municipal Engineers – EE, DEE, AE, MAE.
• Activities performed: Preparation of DPRs, obtaining
sanctions, tendering, implementation, QA, O&M.
• SWM - collection, segregation, recycling, composting, landfill
mgt., dealt by MHO, C&DMA monitors. Tech. inputs by Engrs.
• Projects will be executed by private contracting
agencies, or on PPP basis.

7. Roles & Responsibilities
• Adm. Sanction by Commissioner/Standing
Council/Council/Govt. based on Cost.
• Technical Sanction accorded by:
– E-in-C (PH)/CE (PH) - for works > Rs.50 lakhs
– SE (PH) - for works from Rs.10-50 lakhs
– EE (PH) - for works up to Rs.10 lakhs
• Tenders will be approved by Commissioner: based on
recommendation of CE up to Rs.2 cr., SE up to Rs.50
lakhs and of EE up to Rs.10 lakhs.
• For 2-10 Cr. works, COT approval is necessary for
finalizing the tenders.
• For > 10 Cr. works, EPC system of contract should
be followed.

8. Roles & Responsibilities
• Engineers are responsible: for the implementation
and quality of works.
• They are responsible for: proper O&M of facilities.
• They are also responsible for proper O&M of SWM
vehicles, landfill etc.
• The Engineers will be assisted by
– Work Inspectors in field for maintaining quality of works, and
– Draughtsmen in office for ensuring accuracy of designs,
estimates, drawings, tenders, Agreements etc.
• They will be under the Admin. Control of E-in-C (PH).
• Tenders for works costing >Rs1 Lakh shall be thro’
e-procurement.
• CE/SE/EE act as adviser on engg. issues to Council.

9. Management – Regulatory Mechanism
• Council is the Statutory Authority responsible for Governance
of the ULB in line with the prevailing legislative framework.
• Commissioner is Adm. Head managing its day-to-day affairs.
• A realistic Budget will be prepared by Commissioner involving
all depts. and the citizens in a transparent manner, and
approved by the Council.
• The engg. proposals will be put up to the Council through the
Commissioner, complying with the Budget provision.
• All activities of Engg. Section i.e., Projects/Construction,
Quality Control and O&M of utilities to be monitored by the SE.
• Third Party QA/QC (TPQA) mandatory for all works >1 lakh.
• TPQA also is desirable for O&M activities also.

10. Management – Regulatory Mechanism
• The Council is expected to oversee:
• That all its resolutions are in tune with the
Municipal Corporations Act,
• The execution of works, their quality and timely
completion,
• O&M management,
• Community participation in every aspect of
Governance,
• The councillors are the bridge between the Council
and the citizens, both ways,
• Social audit,
• Sanction of projects, funding from State/Central
Govts., updation of accounts and audit.

11. Urban Vision
Characteristics of a Smart City
• Governance - Smart, participatory and consultative
• Efficient services - Universal, accessible, equitable and affordable
• Mobility - Seamless, Safe and Green Transport
• Public safety - Safe and secure for all
• Economy - Competitive, productive and equitable
• Finances - Self-sustaining
• Environment - Sustainable, clean, green, renewable energy driven
• Technology - Digital, innovation driven with Integration, ITES, OFC
• Planning - Inclusive, Low carbon growth model
• Citizens - Healthy, eco-friendly, knowledgeable, skilled and
gainfully employed
• Recreational life - vibrant
• Livability - Eminently livable, affordable market places

12. Status of Basic Services - Nizamabad
• Water supply coverage ~ 80%; capacity – 73 MLD; Supply 46 MLD
• Total slums – 83 (population ~ 1.40 lakhs);
• Uncovered slums – 11 (population ~ 30,000)
• Sewerage – 0 (80% network covered. LA for STPs due)
• SWM D-o-D collection -80% (segregation ~Nil;Transportation ~80%)
• SW Drainage Coverage ~ 50% (out of 731 km road length)
• Pucca Roads – ~200 km (out of total 731km)
• Street Lighting coverage ~ 90%;
• Telangana
– Clean Tap water within premises – 36.54%
– Latrines within premises - 52.44%

13. • We are 4,87,709 (2014 HH Survey);
in 53.83 sq.km.
• 1000:1001 (Male: Female)
• Nizamabad also finds mention in
ancient India as a part of Assaka
Mahajanpada.
Mana Induru (Nizamabad)
13
 Sagar of IITK presented his research in structural biology
& biochemistry at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry,
Germany on the structure of part of a human cell
responsible for vital organs taking shape in mother’s
womb.
Sagar Bhogaraju

15. Heritage of Nizamabad
Badapahad Darga
Raghunath Temple
 Domakonda Fort
Pocharam wild life sanctuary

16. Human Development
• IMR ~ 41 per 1000 live births ( State)
52 (Niz. Dt.)
• MMR – 133.2 per 1 lakh deliveries (State)
- 116 (Niz. Dt.)
State Nizamabad Dt.
• HDI 0.513 0.466
• Sex Ratio 992:1000 1001 : 1000
• Child Sex ratio 943:1000 1040:1000
• Literacy 61.25 66.46%
• Secondary school drop out rate: 38.21%

17. Corporators – Onerous responsibilities
• Adopting a vision and future direction for the city.
• Endeavour:
– To implement the state and central level urban legislations;
– Central and state level policies, programmes etc.
• Deliberations on policy and institutional issues in Council:
– Sanction of projects;
– Budget approval and sanction of funds;
– Develop his division and contribute to overall growth of city;
• Citizens needs and grievances:
– Accessibility to citizens; improving quality of life, incl. vulnerable groups
– Represent their needs & grievances in Council, approval
– Ensure citizens participation in municipal programmes;
• Giving direction and guidance to municipal officials
• Monitoring implementation: CRs, projects, QA/QC and O&M
• Envtl. sustainability – Create awareness on Energy & Water
• Coordinate with local, higher authorities-approvals, funding
• Playing a Mediatory role between public and the Council.

18. Improving Service Delivery
 Rapid increase in Urban
population, rising incomes
& high citizen’s aspirations
 Despite provision of
extensive infrastructure at
huge costs, level of urban
service delivery poor.
 Hence GoI introduced SLB
to improve service levels
and to achieve the best
practice benchmarks.
 Service level improvement
is a continuous

19. World Happiness Report of UNGA:
Global Happiness Index
• The WHR 2013 ranks nations on
the basis of six key factors that
include:
– GDP per capita,
– Healthy life expectancy,
– Someone to count on,
– Perceived freedom to make life
choices,
– Freedom from corruption, and
– Generosity.
• India ranks 111 out of 156 nations;
behind Pakistan (81) and Bangladesh
(108)
• 8% drop in HI in 2010-12 over 2005-07

20. Citizen Satisfaction Survey Topics -
Canada
• Key topics covered in the Citizen Satisfaction
study:
– Top priority local issues;
– Quality of life;
– Perceptions of staff and Council;
– Satisfaction with municipal services;
– Perceived value for taxes; and,
– Communication and
information needs.

21. Drivers for Citizen Satisfaction
Canada’s Common Measurements Tool (CMT)

22. Need for Smart Cities
 The global environment in which people live.
 People's thinking and values about their way of life are
undergoing significant changes.
 If people and the Earth are both changing, then surely the
cities that link them together must also change.
 The international call for action in response to changes in the
global and urban environments.
 The world in which people live is being changed by:
Rresource depletion,
Urban issues, and
Problems brought about by climate change and
Increases in the size and concentration of population.

23. Kazan - SMART CITY
Republic of Tatarstanhttp://kazansmartcity.com/what-is-kazan-smart-city/

24. Putrajaya, Malaysia
Integrating spiritual, social and natural

25. Amsterdam
Copenhagen
Amsterdam
Copenhagen
Copenhagen

27. Smart City Planning

28. Smart City Malta’s Ricasoli site

29. • City Development Plan (CDP) preparation
• Comprehensive Infra Studies & Master Plan
• Implementation Strategy
• Detailed Project Reports (DPRs)
– Creation of sustainable infrastructure
– Sustainable O&M and challenges
• Enabling Reforms
– Service Level Benchmarking (SLB)
– Energy Conservation & Efficiency Improvement
– Recycling and Reuse of waste water
– Stakeholder participation and effective communication
– e-Governance, Inclusive Governance and Planning
– Revenue Improvement & Cost Recovery thro’ ICT
– Capacity Enhancement
Major tasks include:
29

30.  What is CDP?
 It is a ~15-20 year perspective plan to develop the city in a
comprehensive and integrated manner.
 Involves improving the infrastructure in all sectors (incl.
social) in key performance indicators and enabling Reforms.
 Need for CDP
 In view of the rapid urbanization, the city needs to be
developed in a planned manner to make it livable,
economically vibrant, self-sustainable and inclusive.
 CDP Process & Preparation of document
 Stakeholder workshop - Vision – Working groups – Strategy
–Deficiencies and Gaps in Service Levels–Sector-wise plans
–O&M plan-Reforms-Prioritize–Costing–Financing options.
 CDP Implementation plan
 Immediate, Short term and Long term (DPRs) Plans 30
CDP – City Development Plan

31. • The CDP should be prepared and a Strategy for its
Implementation should be evolved.
• The following strategy may be considered:
• Immediate measures (easy & no/low cost measures)
• Short Term Measures (needing less funds)
• Long Term Measures (needing huge funds)
• For Long Term measures,
• DPR may be prepared and implemented.
• Projects should be formulated
• After ascertaining the gaps in Service Levels;
• Formulate proposals to bridge the gap to achieve the Benchmarks;
• thus improving the quality of life of the citizens.
31
Strategy - Action Plan

32. • Comprehensive Studies & preparation of Master Plans for:
• Water Supply
• Sanitation (on-site sanitation & sewerage)
• Storm water drainage
• Solid waste management
• Energy (Audit) conservation & efficiency
• Comprehensive Mobility Plan for Traffic and Transport
• Studies include Preparation of Master Plans & Proposals
• Mapping of all facilities/installations to be done if not
already available.
• Prioritization of Towns, Sectors and Projects.
• Preparation of Preliminary Project Reports
• Preparation of DPRs.
32
Comprehensive Studies

33. • Per capita supply of water in LPCD - 135
• Coverage of water supply connections - 100 %
• Extent of Non-revenue water - 20%
• Extent of metering - 100%
• Continuity of Water Supplied - 24 hrs
• Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints - 80%
• Quality of Water Supplied - 100%
• Cost recovery - 100%
• Efficiency in Collection of Water Charges - 90%
33
SLBs – Urban Water Supply

34.  Coverage of Toilets - 100%
 Coverage of Sewerage Network - 100%
 Collection efficiency of Sewerage Network - 100%
 Adequacy of Sewage Treatment Capacity - 100%
 Quality of Sewage Treatment - 100%
 Extent of Reuse and Recycling of Sewage - 20%
 Extent of cost recovery in waste water mgt.- 100%
 Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints- 80%
 Efficiency in Collection of Sewerage Charges - 90%
34
SLB’s – Sewerage

35. Water is the elixir of Life. - Vedas
Water is life. Sanitation is Dignity. –
South African Constitution.

36.  Coverage of with covered drains - 100%
 Incidence of water logging (No. of times) - 0
36
SLB’s – Storm Water Drainage

37. Vijayawada Floods
2013 January
Vijayawada
Vijayawada
Vijayawada

38. Vijayawada Floods
2013 January
Vijayawada Floods
2013 January

39. Vijayawada Floods 2013 January
Vijayawada Floods 2013 January

40. Uttarakahand floods
Kedarnath in flood
Mumbai flood
26th July 2005

41. Wetlands

42.  Lack of
 Records on the existing facilities, designs, maps,
registers, studies, maps, updation.
 Proper asset management.
 Poor O&M of facilities.
 Mechanism for updation like GIS based mapping.
 Focus on O&M etc. at institutional level.
 Effective communication with the public.
 O&M plan and budgetary approval.
 Devolution of powers to enable prompt O&M.
 Proper accounting and auditing.
 Customer orientation and communication.
42
Challenges in Service Delivery
– General

43. • Poor capacities of operating & supervisory staff
• Poor utilization of existing facilities & capacities.
• Inadequate human resources management.
• Inadequate institutional capacity.
• Poor Financial strength of ULBs.
• Lack of coordination among line depts.and ULBs.
• Lack of O&M cost recovery.
• Lack of Willingness to Pay
43
Challenges in Service Delivery
– General

44.  Absence of holistic, multi-sectoral, basin-wise
approach to projects - integrating rural-urban.
 Poor condition of utilities due to poor O&M.
 Non-Revenue Water (Volume of water delivered into the
network – Billed consumption)
 Intermittent supply & no thrust on 24x7 supply.
 Lack of metering and poor working of meters.
 Unviable Tariff.
 Absence of Seasonal Tariffs and Telescopic Charges
for energy.
44
Challenges in Service Delivery
– Water Supply

45.  Inappropriately targeted subsidies.
 Poor billing and collection systems.
 Lack of water conservation and Water Safety Plan.
 Non-adoption of Recycling, Reuse of waste water.
 Non-adoption of latest technology and softwares.
 Lack of focus on energy conservation and efficiency
 Poor O&M of water supply facilities.
 Preventing contamination of water sources
 Improving efficiency, if necessary thro’ PPP, of:
 Billing,
 O&M of pumping stations,
45
Challenges in Service Delivery
– Water Supply

46. ONSITE SANITATION / SEWERAGE
• Lack of awareness in citizens on proper usage of
Individual Toilets.
• Lack of effective septage management.
• Lack of advance planning for LA for STPs.
• Lack of focus on O&M of sewage pumping
stations, STPs, sewer cleaning etc.
• Lack of modern sewer cleaning equipment.
• Lack of focus on eliminating manual scavenging.
• Lack of focus on workers’ safety and health.
46
Challenges in Service Delivery
– Sewerage & SWM

47. SWM
• Focus on 5R’s – Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover, Residual
Management.
• Lack of full coverage of Door to Door collection.
• Absence of source segregation.
• Absence of a closed loop approach for SWM.
• Poor O&M of transportation equipment.
• Lack of Landfill site.
• Poor management of Landfill by just dumping.
• Lack of technical capacities and understanding of SWM
related issues - composting, Waste to Energy etc.
47
Challenges in Service Delivery
– Solid Waste Management

48. • Poor energy conservation
• Lack of energy efficiency initiatives and latest
technologies in Lighting & Saving
• LED/Induction Lamps, Timer Controllers and
Power savers.
• Poor understanding of energy related issues in
ULB staff.
• Lack of use of renewable energy technologies
– solar, wind, hybrid etc.
• Lack of coordination with NREDCAP, MNRE,
BEE etc.
48
Challenges in Service Delivery
– Street Lighting

50. • India loses Rs.60000 Cr / annum. due to traffic
congestion.
• There is general lack of
• Awareness on National Urban Transport Policy 2006.
• Focus on public transport.
• Focus on non-motorized transport.
• Civic sense among general public.
• Junction improvements, traffic signaling.
• Focus on improving Green mobility & Connectivity.
• Focus on Road safety.
• Integration of Land use & Transportation planning.
• Rationalization of parking charges.
• Road pricing and Congestion charging. 50
Challenges in Service Delivery
– Urban Transport

52. New Delhi
More Roads, More Congestion,
Mumbai
Nagpur pedestrian crossing
Allahabad

53. Chennai
Traffic jam Delhi
Patna
Chennai

54. Los Angeles Florida
Chennai
Pedestrians crossing NagpurCentral London
Moscow

56. • Operation & Maintenance
• Operation;
• Routine and Repair & Breakdown maintenance
• Bring dignity to O&M functions by:
• Greater focus on O&M of utilities by the Management.
• O&M monitoring cell at Council level for periodical review
• Recognizing good performance.
• Prepare O&M plan for the city
• Covering all sectors & Council approval for O&M allocations
• Customer grievance cell, online monitoring and linkage to citizens charter
• Capacity building of staff to be accorded top priority.
• Health, Safety and Environmental standards to be ensured.
• Quality & Quantity of supply to be continuously monitored – testing,
metering & pressure gauges.
56
Operation & Maintenance

57. • A O&M Monitoring Committee at Council level will oversee the
implementation of O&M plan. It will:
• Comprise Mayor, Commissioner, one Corporator for each sector,
HOD of Engg.Wing, CDS/SLF members, external engg. expert.
• Monitor the execution of O&M plan on continuous basis.
• Meet monthly and review the implementation of O&M plan in all
sectors in the city, w.r.t. targeted service levels.
• Review the working of TPQA and Social Audit Group/Agency.
• It will Monitor: Water drawls, pumping, filtration, disinfection, filling,
overflows, distribution, supply thro’ taps and Residual Chlorine.
• It will also monitor leakages, unauthorized connections, drainage
crossings and sewage/sullage discharges.
• Cause water audit and arrive at NRW. Take actions to bring it <20%.
• Oversee water conservation and efficiency of use of water supplied.
• Monitor water safety by overseeing implementation of Water Safety Plan
57
Monitoring of O&M - Water supply

58. • Metering–enables volumetric charging, effective control, demand mgt.
• Pilot 24x7 water supply - helps prevent water pollution and wastage,
promotes convenience and girls’ education.
• Tariff rationalization - for achieving full O&M cost recovery and
automatic annual updating of tariffs.
• Energy conservation & efficiency improvement in Water Supply,
Sewerage and Street Lighting; water conservation.
#38. Damaged impeller of pump –Does retrofitting help save ene...
• Proper O&M of all components
• Preventive & breakdown.
• e-billing and e-collection (e-pos).
.
58
Monitoring of O&M - Water supply

59. Damaged impeller of pump –Does retrofitting help
save energy?

60. • Rationalizing Contracted Maximum Demand
• Installation of capacitors
• Segregation of Light & Fan loads
• Improving O&M of equipment. Eg. PF meter
• Conducting energy audit for pumping stations
• Improving capacities of operating staff
60
APUSP INITIATIVES– Water Pumping

61. • Analyzing past power bills
• Liaison with DISCOMs for timely reconciliation
• Appeal to ERC on seasonal pumping etc.
• Going for Gravity flow – wherever feasible
• Converting LT category to HT - HT category to LT
• Prompt payment of energy bills
61
APUSP INITIATIVES– Water Pumping

63. Figure 2.3 Standard vs High Efficiency Motors

65. Energy Efficiency Benefits
Industry
• Reduced energy
bills
• Increased
Competitiveness
• Increased
productivity
• Improved quality
• Increased profits !
Nation
• Reduced energy
imports
• Avoided costs can
be used for poverty
reduction
• Conservation of
limited resources
• Improved energy
security
Globe
• Reduced GHG
emissions
• Maintains a
sustainable
environment

66. • 24X7 Water Supply on pilot basis run in Hubli, Dharwad, & Belgaum for ~
35,000 HSC’s - executed & being maintained by Veolia.
• Substantial NRW reduction in VMC & GVMC by implementation of
SCADA.
• SCADA for water supply distribution in Pimpri-Chinchwad, Metering,
Computerized water billing, Web based Complaint and Monitoring
• Water Supply to informal settlements in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand by
JUSCO at affordable cost (Coverage: 90,000 population).
• Installation of GIS - Distribution Mgt., Single window grievance redressal,
24X7 consumer Helpline, Legalizing illegal connections etc.
66
Best Practices – Water Supply

72. • Water Safety Plan in Vijayawada Municipal Corporation from
source to consumer point – hazard and risk assessment &
minimization
• Storm Water Drainage
• Fukuoka - San-no rain water adjustment pond in a park for
flood control
• Tsurumi River Channel improprement (Embankment,
bridging etc.)
• Multipurpose retarding basin for Tsurumi River at
Yukohama international general athletic stadium and
diversion channel.
• Near Tsurumi River, a building has adopted a piloti type
structure to permit the use of the retarding basin to protect it
during floods.
72
Best Practices – Water Supply

73. SEWERAGE
• STP along with power generation in Delawas,
Pratap Nagar & Jawer Nagar in Jaipur, Rajastan.
• Electricity generation from STP in Vadodara,
Gujarat.
MSW
• MSW rejuvenation project in Gorai Dumping
yard, Mumbai Maharastra (2010). This is spread
over 19.6 Ha.,2.34 Mn.T upto 26m.ht. Agency:
United Phosphorus&Vamderweil for 15 yrs under
DBOOT.
• Carbon credits exp. ~Rs.72Cr.(> capital cost). 73
Best Practices

74. • Congestion Charging is in operation since Feb 2003 & extended
later. Main aim is to reduce congestion in central London by
encouraging drivers to switch from private car use to other modes of
transport.
• During its hours of operation, vehicle drivers have to pay £8/day to
travel within the Congestion Charging zone, subject to certain
discounts.
• It also produces net revenues to support London's Transport
Strategy, most of which was allocated to improve bus
operations.
• Congestion was substantially reduced within the zone by reducing
the traffic entering the zone by ~ 20%.
•This has made central London a pleasant place to live, work and
visit.
• The initial traffic and congestion reduction led to overall CO2
reductions of 16% in the charging zone, NOx emission reduction of
8%, PM10 of 6%.
The Central London Congestion Charging
Scheme
Best Practices – Transport Sector

75. • For delivering improved and efficient services to all by:
• Encouraging participation of all stakeholders from planning to O&M.
• Focus on meeting SLBs for improving citizens’ quality of life.
• Wise water Management– a) RWH, b) Ground Water Recharging, c)
Grey Water Recycling,
• 24x7 water supply (universal, affordable, safe). Water is life.
• Implement Water Safety Plan.
• Sanitation for All - Open defecation free – universal, affordable
sanitation. Sanitation is Dignity. Swachh Bharat.
• Storm Water Drainage – 100% coverage, minimum incidences of
inundation as per design rainfall.
• Integrated SWM - end-to-end green solution (garbage free).
• Green mobility, Safe, Efficient & Sustainable transport.
• Facilitating citizens to be delighted with municipal services.
75
Way Forward
Contd….

76.  Prepare O&M plan with costs for all sectors:
 Inviting participation of all stakeholders
 Sector-wise allocations in municipal budget to achieve SLBs
 Delegation of powers
 O&M Monitoring Committee to review implementation
 Implement O&M plan & ensure sustainability of infra.
 Achieve full O&M cost recovery. Rationalize tariff.
 Implement e-pos system for billing and collection.
 Utilize I&CT, GIS, GPS, Remote Sensing technologies in
improving Service Delivery & Cost Recovery.
 Focus on enhancing energy and water conservation &
efficiency improvement, and reduce expenditure.
 Develop Human Resources and provide motivation. 76
Way Forward

77. ???

78. Purpose of life?
• Purpose of our life?
• MY family? Are WE connected?
• Love our fellow beings? Why?
• How do we get happiness in life?
• We are what we are at present. How?

79. Essentials for Fulfillment
• We share genes - African ancestors - 80000 years
ago.
• The inner urge - to serve our fellow beings?
• Duty saturated with Love towards Fellow Beings -
Transforms into Service
• A Goal -Team work-Together Everyone Achieves
More
• Trust – Ownership - Learning – Sharing -
Networking
• Sustained Capacity Building
• Perseverance & Continuous Monitoring
• Appreciation for Good Performers

80. UNLEASH YOUR ENERGIES
SAVE WATER SAVE ENERGY