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Justice, Liberation,
and Shalom
An Introduction to the Main Concepts of Module 7
Justice,
Liberation,
and Shalom
• Three main spheres of justice
• Definitions of justice
• Biblical concepts of justice
• The relationship between love and justice
• The relationship between freedom nd
justice
• Who is responsible for ensuring justice
• Justice and liberation
• Justice and shalom
Three Main
Spheres of
Justice
• Three main spheres of justice
• Retributive: Getting what you deserve
(usually in a negative sense, such as
punishments)
• Distributive: Getting what you need
(usually in a positive sense, such as
food or income)
• Restorative: Making amends for the
harm done by crime, providing closure
and accountability
Definitions of
Justice
• How do we decide what someone
“deserves” or “is due”? Three main
paradigms:
• Meritorious: focus on efforts, actions,
expertise
• Egalitarian: two forms
• Equal outcomes
• Equal access
• Need-based: based upon concrete needs in a
given sphere
Biblical Ideas
of Justice
• What does the word “justice” mean in the
scriptures?
• What were some of the biblical teachings
on justice?
• mishpat (justice, judgment)
• tsedaqah (righteousness, justice)
• dikaiosune (justice, righteousness)
• krima (judgment, justice)
• krisis (judgment, decision, justice)
Love and
Justice
• What is the relationship between love
and justice?
• They are different things
• They not only different, but in tension
• They mutually supplement each other
Love and
Justice as
Different
• They are different because:
• Love is comprehended by faith, whereas
justice is sober and rational
• Love is always personal in nature, whereas
justice is impartial and institutional
• However, love and justice are bound
together in scripture, and justice without
love reduces justice to “a few basic rights”
Love and
Justice
in Tension
• They not only different, but in tension:
• Love, as part of the “unrealistic” ideal of the
ethics of Jesus, has no place in messy social
and political life
• Only justice works here, and it often stands in
tension with agape love
• However, it is a relative justice that allows far
too much latitude to “morally upright” people
to enact the demands of justice (such as
businesses and governments)
Love and
Justice as
Supplementary
• They mutually supplement each other:
• Recognize their biblical connections
• Recognize the way they have mutually
supported one another in history
• Supplement each other
• Love sees the immediate need, while justice
casts the eye more widely
• Justice can provide direction and even
correction to awe-inspiring ideal of love
Freedom and
Justice
• What is the relationship between freedom and
justice?
• Freedom is the key to justice (JS Mill)
• Yet, the demands of justice, both retributive and
distributive, often limit freedom.
• The Industrial Revolution
• Hollinger suggests a model that acknowledges the
tension between justice, freedom, and order.
Who provides
justice?
• Who or what is responsible for
providing or ensuring justice?
• State
• Church
• Individuals
Liberation
(as pioneered by
Gustavo Gutierrez)
• Three levels of liberation
• Liberation from oppressive social structures
• Liberation to profound inner freedom in face of
servitude
• Viktor Frankl
• Kunta Kinte
• This usually requires community /alternative
identity.
• Liberation to inner freedom from sin
• What are some examples of these?
Liberation
Theology
(from the work of Clodovis
and Leonardo Boff)
• Working within the “hermeneutical circle”
• Begin with one‘s experience
• Progress to reflection
• Progress to an altered experience
• A central question is this: How do you
“posture” yourself ”?
Justice and
Shalom
(from the work of
Nicholas Wolterstorff)
• Wolterstorff asks a central question: What is
our guiding vision for the kingdom of God on
earth?
• His answer is shalom – “peace intertwined
with justice.”
• “Shalom is the human being dwelling at
peace in all his or her relationships: with
God, with self, with fellows, with nature.”
Justice and
Shalom
• Shalom is not just the absence of violence or
hostility; nor is it merely the hard, sterile
presence of justice. Rather, it is enjoyment that
arise from being in right and holy
relationship.
• Shalom requires justice, but it also goes
beyond it.
Justice and
Shalom
• Shalom is exhibited in community in several
ascending levels of godly holiness (whole-ness).
• First, shalom is an ethical community. Without justice,
“shalom is wounded”.
• Second, it is a responsible community; it models
obedience to “God’s laws for the multifaceted
existence of his creatures.”
• Finally, shalom is a delighted and delightful community.
The prophet Isaiah describes shalom as “images of
harmony.”
Justice and
Shalom
• Thus, “development and liberation must
go hand in hand” if shalom is to be
achieved.
• “Ours is both a cultural mandate and a
liberation mandate.”

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[Module 7] Justice, Liberation, and Shalom.pptx

  • 1. Justice, Liberation, and Shalom An Introduction to the Main Concepts of Module 7
  • 2. Justice, Liberation, and Shalom • Three main spheres of justice • Definitions of justice • Biblical concepts of justice • The relationship between love and justice • The relationship between freedom nd justice • Who is responsible for ensuring justice • Justice and liberation • Justice and shalom
  • 3. Three Main Spheres of Justice • Three main spheres of justice • Retributive: Getting what you deserve (usually in a negative sense, such as punishments) • Distributive: Getting what you need (usually in a positive sense, such as food or income) • Restorative: Making amends for the harm done by crime, providing closure and accountability
  • 4. Definitions of Justice • How do we decide what someone “deserves” or “is due”? Three main paradigms: • Meritorious: focus on efforts, actions, expertise • Egalitarian: two forms • Equal outcomes • Equal access • Need-based: based upon concrete needs in a given sphere
  • 5. Biblical Ideas of Justice • What does the word “justice” mean in the scriptures? • What were some of the biblical teachings on justice? • mishpat (justice, judgment) • tsedaqah (righteousness, justice) • dikaiosune (justice, righteousness) • krima (judgment, justice) • krisis (judgment, decision, justice)
  • 6. Love and Justice • What is the relationship between love and justice? • They are different things • They not only different, but in tension • They mutually supplement each other
  • 7. Love and Justice as Different • They are different because: • Love is comprehended by faith, whereas justice is sober and rational • Love is always personal in nature, whereas justice is impartial and institutional • However, love and justice are bound together in scripture, and justice without love reduces justice to “a few basic rights”
  • 8. Love and Justice in Tension • They not only different, but in tension: • Love, as part of the “unrealistic” ideal of the ethics of Jesus, has no place in messy social and political life • Only justice works here, and it often stands in tension with agape love • However, it is a relative justice that allows far too much latitude to “morally upright” people to enact the demands of justice (such as businesses and governments)
  • 9. Love and Justice as Supplementary • They mutually supplement each other: • Recognize their biblical connections • Recognize the way they have mutually supported one another in history • Supplement each other • Love sees the immediate need, while justice casts the eye more widely • Justice can provide direction and even correction to awe-inspiring ideal of love
  • 10. Freedom and Justice • What is the relationship between freedom and justice? • Freedom is the key to justice (JS Mill) • Yet, the demands of justice, both retributive and distributive, often limit freedom. • The Industrial Revolution • Hollinger suggests a model that acknowledges the tension between justice, freedom, and order.
  • 11. Who provides justice? • Who or what is responsible for providing or ensuring justice? • State • Church • Individuals
  • 12. Liberation (as pioneered by Gustavo Gutierrez) • Three levels of liberation • Liberation from oppressive social structures • Liberation to profound inner freedom in face of servitude • Viktor Frankl • Kunta Kinte • This usually requires community /alternative identity. • Liberation to inner freedom from sin • What are some examples of these?
  • 13. Liberation Theology (from the work of Clodovis and Leonardo Boff) • Working within the “hermeneutical circle” • Begin with one‘s experience • Progress to reflection • Progress to an altered experience • A central question is this: How do you “posture” yourself ”?
  • 14. Justice and Shalom (from the work of Nicholas Wolterstorff) • Wolterstorff asks a central question: What is our guiding vision for the kingdom of God on earth? • His answer is shalom – “peace intertwined with justice.” • “Shalom is the human being dwelling at peace in all his or her relationships: with God, with self, with fellows, with nature.”
  • 15. Justice and Shalom • Shalom is not just the absence of violence or hostility; nor is it merely the hard, sterile presence of justice. Rather, it is enjoyment that arise from being in right and holy relationship. • Shalom requires justice, but it also goes beyond it.
  • 16. Justice and Shalom • Shalom is exhibited in community in several ascending levels of godly holiness (whole-ness). • First, shalom is an ethical community. Without justice, “shalom is wounded”. • Second, it is a responsible community; it models obedience to “God’s laws for the multifaceted existence of his creatures.” • Finally, shalom is a delighted and delightful community. The prophet Isaiah describes shalom as “images of harmony.”
  • 17. Justice and Shalom • Thus, “development and liberation must go hand in hand” if shalom is to be achieved. • “Ours is both a cultural mandate and a liberation mandate.”