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MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu.
© Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu.
MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu.
© Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu.
Services Marketing
Module 6
Managing Demand and Capacity
According to VTU syllabus, Services
Marketing 12MBA MM 314
MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu.
© Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu.
Objectives
After studying this module you will be able
to
1. Understand demand patterns.
2. Evaluate strategies and tools used for
matching capacity and demand.
3. Discuss waiting line strategies.
MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu.
© Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu.
Understanding Capacity Constraints and
Demand Patterns
Time, labor, equipment
and facilities
Optimal versus maximal
use of capacity
• Charting demand
patterns
• Predictable cycles
• Random demand
fluctuations
• Demand patterns by
market segment
Capacity Constraints Demand Patterns
MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu.
© Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu.
Strategies for Shifting Demand
to Match Capacity
Use signage to communicate busy days and
times
Offer incentives to customers for usage
during non-peak times
Take care of loyal or regular customers first
Advertise peak usage times and benefits of
non-peak use
Charge full price for the service--no
discounts
• Use sales and advertising to
increase business from current
market segments
• Modify the service offering to
appeal to new market segments
• Offer discounts or price
reductions
• Modify hours of operation
• Bring the service to the
customer
Demand Too High Demand Too LowShift Demand
MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu.
© Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu.
Strategies for Flexing Capacity
to Match Demand
Stretch time, labor, facilities and
equipment
Cross-train employees
Hire part-time employees
Request overtime work from employees
Rent or share facilities
Rent or share equipment
Subcontract or outsource activities
• Perform maintenance
renovations
• Schedule vacations
• Schedule employee training
• Lay off employees
Demand Too High Demand Too LowFlex Capacity
MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu.
© Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu.
What is the Nature of Demand Relative to
Supply? Extent of demand fluctuations over time
Extent to which
supply is
constrained
Wide Narrow
Peak demand can
usually be met
without a major
delay
1
Electricity
Natural gas
Telephone
Hospital maternity unit
Police and fire
emergencies
2
Insurance
Legal services
Banking
Laundry and dry cleaning
Peak demand
regularly exceeds
capacity
4
Accounting and tax
preparation
Passenger transportation
Hotels and motels
Restaurants
Theaters
3
Services similar to those in
2 but which have
insufficient capacity for
their base level of business
MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu.
© Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu.
What is the Constraint on Capacity?
Nature of the constraint Type of service
Time Legal
Consulting
Accounting
Medical
Labor Law firm
Accounting firm
Consulting firm
Health clinic
Equipment Delivery services
Telecommunication
Utilities
Health club
Facilities Hotels
Restaurants
Hospitals
Airlines
Schools
Theaters
Churches
MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu.
© Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu.
Waiting Line Issues and Strategies
unoccupied time feels longer
preprocess waits feel longer
anxiety makes waits seem longer
uncertain waits seem longer than finite waits
unexplained waits seem longer
unfair waits feel longer
longer waits are more acceptable for “valuable”
services
solo waits feel longer

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Module 6

  • 1. MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu. © Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu. MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu. © Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu. Services Marketing Module 6 Managing Demand and Capacity According to VTU syllabus, Services Marketing 12MBA MM 314
  • 2. MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu. © Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu. Objectives After studying this module you will be able to 1. Understand demand patterns. 2. Evaluate strategies and tools used for matching capacity and demand. 3. Discuss waiting line strategies.
  • 3. MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu. © Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu. Understanding Capacity Constraints and Demand Patterns Time, labor, equipment and facilities Optimal versus maximal use of capacity • Charting demand patterns • Predictable cycles • Random demand fluctuations • Demand patterns by market segment Capacity Constraints Demand Patterns
  • 4. MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu. © Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu. Strategies for Shifting Demand to Match Capacity Use signage to communicate busy days and times Offer incentives to customers for usage during non-peak times Take care of loyal or regular customers first Advertise peak usage times and benefits of non-peak use Charge full price for the service--no discounts • Use sales and advertising to increase business from current market segments • Modify the service offering to appeal to new market segments • Offer discounts or price reductions • Modify hours of operation • Bring the service to the customer Demand Too High Demand Too LowShift Demand
  • 5. MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu. © Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu. Strategies for Flexing Capacity to Match Demand Stretch time, labor, facilities and equipment Cross-train employees Hire part-time employees Request overtime work from employees Rent or share facilities Rent or share equipment Subcontract or outsource activities • Perform maintenance renovations • Schedule vacations • Schedule employee training • Lay off employees Demand Too High Demand Too LowFlex Capacity
  • 6. MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu. © Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu. What is the Nature of Demand Relative to Supply? Extent of demand fluctuations over time Extent to which supply is constrained Wide Narrow Peak demand can usually be met without a major delay 1 Electricity Natural gas Telephone Hospital maternity unit Police and fire emergencies 2 Insurance Legal services Banking Laundry and dry cleaning Peak demand regularly exceeds capacity 4 Accounting and tax preparation Passenger transportation Hotels and motels Restaurants Theaters 3 Services similar to those in 2 but which have insufficient capacity for their base level of business
  • 7. MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu. © Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu. What is the Constraint on Capacity? Nature of the constraint Type of service Time Legal Consulting Accounting Medical Labor Law firm Accounting firm Consulting firm Health clinic Equipment Delivery services Telecommunication Utilities Health club Facilities Hotels Restaurants Hospitals Airlines Schools Theaters Churches
  • 8. MBA@GIT http://www.mba.git.edu. © Prof. Prasad Kulkarni, Gogte Institute of Technology, Belgaum. pvkulkarni@git.edu. Waiting Line Issues and Strategies unoccupied time feels longer preprocess waits feel longer anxiety makes waits seem longer uncertain waits seem longer than finite waits unexplained waits seem longer unfair waits feel longer longer waits are more acceptable for “valuable” services solo waits feel longer