It explains the effects of modernism on education educational Sector.

1. MODERNISM AND ITS IMPACT ON EDUCATIONAL SECTOR
ABSTRACT
The developing world is grappling with various trends in education as it strives to globalize and
keep pace with the developed world. This quest is far from the most important motive. What
matters the most is the evolution of the nation from a moral, political, socioeconomic, and cultural
standpoint. With the current trends favoring postmodern education or, to put it simply,
"experiential learning," that is, learning by action, education theories that emerged in the efforts
for the "modernization" of education, namely the Common World Educational Culture Theory and
the Globally Structured Agenda for Education Theory, have been the subject of evolution over
time. These educational trends are a problem for the developing globe. The ‘modernization' of
education in Pakistan is something that this essay tries to look into. Modernization has provided
us with safety, luxury, and high hopes, but it has also increased the differences inside the nuclear
family, which has likely resulted in adolescent delinquency, competition, stress, and tiredness.
Suicide is also a result of the impact of modernization on education, which necessitates thorough
study and remedial real-world application. While a cool, understanding response to modernization
is likely to produce a prosperous society, a crazy and vague response to modernization without
understanding is likely to produce difficulties, which in turn is likely to damage and corrupt the
life and therefore the society. Humans are designed to be human. This article discusses the impact
of modernization on education.
Keywords: modernism, educational sector, Pakistan

2. 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The overview of concept of Modernism and the Educational sector are given in detail below;
1.1.1 Modernism
According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary modernism was a form of movement that ditched
the traditional way of thing and focused on creating new means of expressing oneself in different
ways. However this movement was not just limited to one field of expertise in life. It varied from
literature to arts, to philosophy, to cinema, to education etc. If we look at modernism from the
literature’s point of view, it is mostly described as a conscious effort of people breaking ties from
the ways of expression in the past, to going on a quest in search of new, and innovative ways of
expressing oneself more clearly and more vividly. (J., 2023)
A motto coined by Ezra Pound, displays the actual spirit of modernism, i.e., “Make it new”. It’s a
three word motto but it beautifully encompasses the whole meaning, and essence of modernism in
just a small phrase. The principal characteristics of the movement are individuality,
experimentation and absurdity. Other features are symbolism and formalism. (J., 2023)
Modernism promoted a period of experimentation in the arts from the late 19th to the middle of
the 20th century, especially in the years after the First World War. At a time marked by
industrialization, the almost global adoption of capitalism, rapid social changes and the
advancement of science and society. Modernists felt an increasing alienation inconsistent with
Victorian morals, optimism, and convention. New ideas in psychology, philosophy and political
theory have given rise to a search for new forms of expression. (Kuiper, 2023)
1.1.2 Educational Sector
Education is an essential component of human development and a fundamental right of every
person. Education is considered to be strongly related to a country's social and economic
development. No country can achieve sustainable economic development without investing
massively in people. Education enhances people's understanding and strengthens their technical
abilities to explore new ideas. It enhances the quality of their lives and brings vast social benefits
to individuals and society. (Ebrahim & Co., 2023)

3. All components of an economy consists of a range of educational service providers, such as,
schools, colleges, universities, organizations, agencies, businesses, unity council, unity legislature,
unity senate, unity house of representatives, unity parliament, unity government, local unity
government, government of union or government of national union who have the agreement, the
contract, the role, the responsibility and the aim to offer some type of education to members of the
public. Thus we can easily say that the educational sector is a vital part of an economy of a nation
to prosper well amongst all the other countries of the world. (C, 2016)
1.2 Research Objective/s
The objectives of the current research are as follows:
1. To examine the ways modernism has influenced the educational sector.
2. To study the positive or negative impact modernism has as a whole in the development
of the educational sector.
3. To map out the difference between traditional and modern method of the educational
system.
1.3 Research Question/s
The research questions that form the basis of this study are as follows:
1. What are the ways modernism has influenced the educational sector?
2. What are the positive or negative impact modernism has as a whole in the development of the
educational sector?
3. What is the difference between traditional and modern method of the educational system?
1.4 Delimitations
The study is only going to focus on modernism and its impact on the educational sector. We are
also going to examine the difference between the traditional and modern way of education. Apart
from that, no other sector of work is going to be discussed in this article. This article is solely going
to focus on finding answers to the research questions.
1.5 Structure of Study
The current study is based on five chapters.
1. The first chapter is used more like an introduction i.e., to introduce the readers to the topic
that is going to be explored in detail.

4. 2. The second chapter is based on the literature review, it is used to throw some backdrop or
light on the topic that is to be discussed in detail. It basically shows a record of the impact
of study in the various points of expertise.
3. The third chapter focuses on the theoretical framework and the research methodology of
the study.
4. The fourth chapter deals with the analysis of data and discussion.
5. The fifth and final chapter presents the conclusion and the recommendations of the study.

5. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The main motive behind this chapter is to convey authentic information to the readers regarding
the ideas and knowledge that have been established on the topic of this research.
2.1 The manifestation of modernism in the society
The late 19th and early 20th centuries were dominated by the Industrial Revolution and the rapid
industrialization which followed after it. However, new technologies have altered more than just
manufacturing practices. They prompted writers to think again about how they felt regarding the
generally recognized norms of the industry. Modernism, one of the most intriguing literary
movements, basically arose from this societal turmoil. Modernism in literature is the writers' act
of defiance against the standards. They could no longer play by the rules. Instead, they searched
for new ways to share ideas and new ways to express themselves. The conventional styles of
writing, in their perspective, just failed to convey the rapid transformation of society to the new
generation born out of it. (J., 2023)
The ideology of conservatism that predominated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries brought
about a socially progressive trend of thought that embraces the different movements relating to
culture, which modernism had to contend with. The motivation for this movement was the
perception that "traditional" forms of literature, art, architecture, religion, social interaction, and
everyday life were progressively becoming outdated in the newly modernized world. Modernism
was a climate of thought that centered on cultural inclinations towards anything that is modern,
whether it be idea, execution, or character. Individual sentiment and opinion led to a fresh
perspective on society and an increased respect for cultural creations and the people who created
them. (2018)
Modernism called into doubt all the maxims that had been unquestioned and mindlessly followed,
with every facet of existence being re-examined, from philosophy to commerce, including religion,
where even the existence of an all-powerful Creator was called into question. The growth of 'self-
consciousness' during Modernism demanded an examination of the self. This sort of self-
exploration can be seen across multiple genres of art where the primary emphasis is on
experimenting with form, process, or materials. Modernism argues that humans have the ability to

6. move forward by changing or altering the environment with the use of science, technology, and
knowledge. Modernism attempted to identify the elements that threatened progress and sought to
replace them with strategies that could facilitate the achievement of desired objectives. Modernists
emphasized the use of technology to free people from the hazardous occupations that
industrialization brought about in order to create a better world with higher standards of living for
all. (2018)
Modernism is also thought to be an aesthetic contemplation. It is a quest for the unknowable truth
about life. This movement's artists attached traditional ways of representation and sought to reveal
the 'truth' of human existence through the formation of 'great art'. There was an emphasis on
experimentation, the process of randomization form fragmentation, and non-continuous
storytelling. As creativity and new discoveries gained importance, formal aesthetics were
abandoned, and minimalist designs were embraced. The distinction between 'high' (elitist) and
'low' (popular) cultures was torn apart, and there was a crossover in art production, presentation,
and consumption. Modernism, however, held that the only reliable fact in the instability of the
crumbling world was art. As a result, art came to be recognized as a unifying force with the
capacity to correct humanity's flaws. The foundation of this movement was established by artists
and intellectuals who supported equality, freedom of expression, primitivism, and radicalism.
(2018)
2.2 The manifestation of the promotion of educational sectors in the society
With a total population of over 221 million, Pakistan has the fifth largest population in the world.
Of this number, 37% are located in urban areas, and 55% of the population is under 24. 183,900
elementary schools, 48,300 middle schools, 32,000 secondary schools, 6,000
higher/secondary/intermediate colleges, and 3,800 technical & vocational institutes are operational
in Pakistan. There are well over 200 universities and 3,000 colleges offering degrees in Pakistan.
Pakistan's national education system is divided into four levels: primary (grades 1-5), middle
school (grades 6-8), matriculation (grades 9 and 10) and intermediate (grades 11 and 12). (2002)
Pakistan is dedicated to promoting education, raising the literacy rate, enhancing teacher capacity,
and improving facilities in all educational institutions. Free education up to the matriculation level

7. is a commitment made by the federal and provincial governments. The promotion of education as
a national cause is being supported by the encouragement and facilitation provided by the national
and provincial governments to the private sector. (Ebrahim & Co., 2023)
Education is a type of learning in which a group of people's information, abilities, and practices
are passed down from one generation to the next through instruction, training, or study. Through
the social tool of education, man can control his destiny and shape his future. By improving the
educational system, which in turn lays the groundwork for the nation's socioeconomic
development, a knowledge society can be built. As a result, since educated and talented citizens
are essential to the growth and prosperity of the nation, education has taken on a more central role
in the development of the knowledge economy. (Ebrahim & Co., 2023)
Large investments in education are crucial to achieving the goal of having educated and trained
human resources because they will assist those who are involved in shifting their thinking to
achieve the highest literacy rate. Both public and private development sectors must carry out their
overtly social obligations in the field of education. The connection between the industrial and
commercial sectors and education would create new opportunities for growth and employment.
They must build cutting-edge instructional facilities on the grounds of their establishment or
organization. As a result, there is a need to foster close ties between academia and industry, as this
is the cornerstone of creativity and the advancement of technology, both of which will undoubtedly
push the nation's economy forward. (Ebrahim & Co., 2023)
2.3 Traditional methods used in the educational sector
Customary education or conventional education are other names for traditional education. The
major goal of traditional education is to teach the next generation the morals, manners, and social
customs that will prove to be essential for their survival. The student learns about the customs and
values of the culture in which he lives through traditional education. The majority of this sort of
education is delivered orally to the students. Both written and practical work are fairly uncommon.
The pupils just gather around a table and pay attention as the teacher or another person reads aloud
the lesson. Written tests are not part of the program, but it does involve certain informal oral tests.
Technology and science lessons are not common in traditional education. The old educational

8. system does not provide the in-depth instruction concerning the sciences that we study today. The
understanding of customs, traditions, and faiths was essentially included in the traditional
educational system. It is known as conventional schooling for this reason. (2018)
Traditional teaching methods, in which teachers are the controllers of the classes in which they
teach and acknowledge total responsibility for the learning environment, are a thing of the past.
The teacher has all of the tasks and powers, and as the lecturer in the class, they serve as an
instructor for the students as well as the decision maker for what to teach and how to impart
knowledge. Both teachers and students attend school to learn from their instructors and to acquire
information and understanding. The primary source of information used to instruct students and
impart knowledge is teachers. The primary goal of teaching, however, has not changed despite
temporary changes in the instructional methods. (The traditional method of Teaching & Education,
2023)
The goal of teaching is for students to learn, and teachers succeed in their profession to the extent
that students do. One of the conventional techniques of instruction is the classroom, where the
majority of the teaching is done. An entire class of pupils sits together in a classroom to learn the
material taught by teachers, and they become competent in the material via practice. Traditional
teaching adheres to focus the classroom on the teacher. In the conventional approach of instruction,
teachers serve as the primary source of information. They assume the role of knowledge
distributors rather than mediators. Chalk and speak techniques are frequently employed in
conventional teaching approaches. The traditional approach to education places a lot of emphasis
on disciplined classrooms. (The traditional method of Teaching & Education, 2023)
Since the traditional teaching approach is teacher-centric, it demonstrates a lack of student
participation and group learning. Students learn from lectures given by teachers. In conventional
instruction, teachers' primary goal is to get pupils ready for tests rather than to actually educate
and help them learn the material. Students only study in order to ace the test and get success. In
traditional education, there is no clear harmony between objectives, actions, and assessments.
These are the characteristics of conventional teaching strategies that don't appear appropriate in
the age of technology. The fact that we are in the 21st century demands adjustments to traditional

9. schooling and the outdated educational system in order to keep up with the times. (The traditional
method of Teaching & Education, 2023)
2.4 Modernism in the educational sector
Traditional education and modern education are significantly different from one another. Modern
education is the kind that is taught in schools nowadays. The skills needed today, such as those in
science and technology, medical science, and other fields, are taught in modern education. Writing,
visualizing, envisioning, and thinking abilities are now included in contemporary schooling in
addition to listening. Written tests are also part of this style of teaching to assess whether or not
pupils are understanding the material. It is carried out in a very official manner. The teaching
approach is very participatory. The traditional education that was given to kids a few years ago
has simply evolved into modern education. (2018)
Technology, ideas, and institutions produced societies that were open to change because these
societies were differentiated, complex, and targeted to creativity in various domains since the
institutional frameworks that resulted from this had in their sustenance values that showed change
as progressive and desirable, resulting in conditions that were the forerunners of modern society,
according to Monier (2009). (Ibad, 2019)
Maheshwari (2016) said that the importance of education may be understood in light of the fact
that nations undergoing modernization have a tendency to place a strong emphasis on international
education, employing non-religious and scientific education as a means of modernization. Among
other things, this global education system spreads the values of liberty, equality, and civilization.
Through education, these ideals enable the growth of reason and the creation of a reliable
administrative structure. Therefore, it is clear that modernization is a method of education. (Ibad,
2019)
Modernization, defined as a process of change in social, economic, and political systems, is no
longer just a notion; it is our mind, our perspective. When we talk about modernization, we mean
changes in our way of life (better lifestyle), communication, urbanization, literacy, change in
residence, career, and so on. This needs modernity in education, and hence it cannot remain
unaffected by education. As with any goal or notion, modernization has advantages and

10. disadvantages, as does its impact on education. The impact of modernization on education is my
institute, your institute, seminars, and forums for people to communicate, share, and exchange
ideas and thoughts. (Jha, 2016)

11. 3. FRAMEWORK
MODERNIZATION AND ITS IMPACT
ON EDUCATIONAL SECTOR
Traditionalism vs. Modernism
Modernism and Education
Traditional
Educational System
General Impact of Modernism
Modern
Educational System
Cons of Modernism in
Education
Pros of Modernism in
Education

12. 4. DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
4.1 General impact of Modernism
Modernization did not only affect outward characteristics, but also internal aspects, which are now
profoundly ingrained in schooling. These roots enable us to consider, discuss, and communicate
the impact of modernization (the process of change towards development) on education. The
impact of modernity can be seen and felt both socially and culturally. Modernization enabled us
to envision and dream of a better way of life, a better home, a better way of life, and it was directly
geared towards education. Better and higher education is commonly regarded as the foundation
for realizing one's aspirations through a better career and hence a higher income. It was so strongly
inhibited among the people that it changed their way of thinking. (Jha, 2016)
The most recent and up-to-date form of education offered in 21st-century classrooms and
educational institutions is known as modern education. Along with emphasizing top-notch courses
in business, science, and the arts, it also strives to help students develop their analytical, decision-
making, and life skills. Online education also makes use of cutting-edge technology to teach
students and make the learning experience interesting and engaging, including mobile apps, audio
and video forums like YouTube, Podcasts, E-books, movies, etc.(2016)
But in online education, both conventional and contemporary teaching strategies work well and
are beneficial. Modern teaching techniques are crucial and play a significant part in the growth of
children's education and knowledge. Numerous learning and teaching techniques are used in
modern education, including the well-liked spatial learning method, which pushes students to
switch between tasks quickly. The use of science and technology in teaching methods makes
learning more engaging, simple, and fascinating for pupils. (2016)
4.2 Modernism and Education – An evaluation and discussion
Modernization considered the limited number of educational institutes available and thus
established the idea of privatization to the number of educational institutes. Whereas many people
had to abandon their goals owing to a lack of educational establishments in the past, privatization
- one of the modes of modernism - has provided the possibility to pursue education, which is the
impact of modernism.

13. Modernism has resulted in distance education. These colleges and universities provided
possibilities to many people who had previously given up on their ambitions due to a dearth of
educational institutions. (Jha, 2016)
The educational system is evolving and introducing new teaching strategies that take a
fundamentally different perspective on learning and instruction. Teachers today teach each kid on
a different level and do not treat them all as equals. They treat each student differently because
they believe that every student is unique. They take each student's needs into account and provide
instruction accordingly. Progressive teaching approaches, in contrast to traditional education,
focus on activity, questioning, explaining, demonstrating, and utilizing teamwork skills. (The
traditional method of Teaching & Education, 2023)
One such technique that allows pupils to efficiently transition from studying to activities is spaced
learning. For instance, if a teacher spends 10 minutes instructing kids in the classroom using
PowerPoint presentations, they will have at least 10 minutes of athletic time. The method
genuinely works for students since it stimulates their thoughts, resulting in better marks.
Traditional teaching techniques are less successful than spaced learning. Activity promotes the
formation of connections between brain cells, improving memory in pupils. (The traditional
method of Teaching & Education, 2023)
The conventional methods of teaching 'chalk and talk' have been in use for hundreds of years,
however they no longer suit modern practice. Students today require new and cutting-edge
teaching approaches in schools. (The traditional method of Teaching & Education, 2023)
Modernism resulted in massive buildings, infrastructure, and instructional facilities, as well as a
diverse range of human resources and co-curricular activities for a child's overall development. As
a result of modernism, societal transformation occurred, including changes in thinking, attire,
transportation, and communication. (Jha, 2016)
Modernism's higher demands on technology led to the emergence of new fields of study like
computer science, IC, and ICT, which are the most in-demand and quick to assist one make their
living. There is little doubt that modernism has had an impact on education. Modernism paved the
way for technology that brought us computers, LCD screens, projectors, and discs for learning. E-
learning, e-media, e-books, and e-journals are products of technology. In order to improve teachers

14. and, in turn, the quality of education, modernism also produced the evaluation of teachers in terms
of API and effect factor. (Jha.2016)
4.3 Traditionalism vs. Modernism
The pros and cons of traditionalism and modernism in the educational sector are as following:
With a stronger focus on science and technology, modern education is now widely used in schools
and differs greatly from conventional approaches. Modern education makes lectures more
engaging and interactive for students by utilizing a variety of computer technology, the Internet,
and projector presentations. Modern education lowers the constraints of the traditional system to
learning by trial and experience, as opposed to traditional textbooks and theoretical learning. In
traditional education, students were given the information and knowledge they already knew, but
at the same time, critical thinking and problem-solving techniques were offered so they could carry
out research and advance in online education. Traditional teaching methods rely on repetition and
memorization of material, which prevents students from developing their critical thinking,
decision-making, and problem-solving skills. Back then, only survival skills were the focus of
education or information. Then the era of widespread application of science and technology in
daily life began. Additionally, this was the time when science and technology started to advance
the most quickly. (Traditional vs. modern education, 2023)
In 1911, colleges all across the world were attempting to transform themselves into contemporary
universities, and the conventional methods of teaching conversation were being supplanted by
fresh ideas. Modern "folk literacy" has replaced conventional "classical literacy," which was

15. connected with the gentleman's study of the great literature for social and personal fulfilment. Folk
literacy is defined by career-oriented and practical writing skills. These days, learning is done on
smartphones, laptops, and notepads. During the ancient times, “It was believed that education was
meant only for people from high society.” (Traditional vs. modern education, 2023)
People believed that because modern education did not teach about faiths, traditions, or customs,
it is terrible for their children. While modern education helps students to develop their talents,
traditional education focuses on studying culture, traditions, and customs. Students learn using
memorizing techniques in conventional teaching methods, but they learn through human-
environment interaction in contemporary educational systems. Students in the new school found
studying and grading to be very simple and enjoyable, in contrast to the demanding learning of the
previous educational system.
Both traditional and modern educational institutions frequently use progressive learning. As was
already mentioned, the goal of contemporary and progressive education is to accommodate each
student's unique needs, interests, and aptitudes. Dynamism is the foundation of education, a
methodical, progressive approach to learning for the growth of intelligence. (Traditional vs.
modern education, 2023)
We occasionally require education to function, which calls for both conventional and innovative
teaching techniques. We need to enlist our children in a school that values and supports education
because, as we already stated, both conventional and contemporary educational techniques are
critical. The traditional teaching methods, which involve instructing a group of pupils in a
classroom, are well known to all of us. The term "traditional method of education" was used to
describe the old educational system, which included the mediaeval era. A student-centered strategy
has replaced the teacher-centered approach in education. Online education has developed a grading
system that is the best approach to give students a broad overview of their expertise and
comprehension of the numerous courses they are learning, whereas assessments have been a key
component of assessment in traditional education. (Traditional vs. modern education, 2023)

16. 4.3.1 Traditional Education System
Blackboards, chalk, books, and pens are some of the common learning aids used in traditional
education. Within the four walls of the classroom, students learn from the teachers who are present
and receive immediate help from them when they are having problems or questions about a
particular subject. The students attend courses every day since they are registered at the institution
for a specified term or time period. (Panigrahi) The traditional method of learning in classrooms,
which is still used by a large number of educational institutions, has its own benefits and value,
including:
1. Social Exposure: Meeting students from various countries throughout the world is usually
enjoyable and calming. In addition to encouraging students to study more, it will boost the sharing
of knowledge.
2. Extracurricular Activities: Learning can take the form of academics or other group activities
that encourage appropriate learning in a group of people who are all the same age. Students can
participate in a variety of activities, but classroom instruction will also push their learning potential
to the limit.
3. Appropriate Guidance: Having a topic teacher there is also advantageous because any
questions that come up during a lecture may be answered right away. Additionally, it will
encourage more student-teacher interactions, which will enhance kids' capacity for learning.
4.3.2 Modern Educational System
The usage of the internet to study from many websites has become one of the most modern
teaching methods. By overcoming the disadvantages of traditional teaching methods, modern
education is disseminating knowledge more efficiently and flawlessly. Its ability to disseminate
knowledge via online platforms or websites has been successful in drawing a variety of participants
to technology-driven learning, including teachers as well as students. The popularity and
preferences of online teaching are growing daily without placing any restrictions on the delivery
in terms of time or the number of pupils. (Panigrahi) Online learning offers a number of
advantages, including the following, all of which are always being improved to assure the quality
of education:

17. 1. Flexibility: Even professionals and part-time students can profit from online education due
to the flexible timings given by it without the restriction of a specific time period. The
majority of people maintain a busy schedule, and thanks to digital learning platforms, many
individuals who had to stop their education due to difficulties with their jobs are now
resuming it. Additionally, students had more time to work on their finances. They began
utilizing cheap paper writing services more frequently and improved their output at work.
2. Lower Cost: Due to its practical lower cost, digital or online learning is gaining
popularity. It is freed from the tuition fees, admission prices, and other basic amenities
connected with primitive learning systems. Students who are interested in attending classes
in other countries or remote locations can continue their education online without having
to travel or stay in a hostel.
3. Wide variety of content: Students can choose from the various courses and begin learning
through online learning. Online learning offers the benefit of selecting many courses based
on the learner's interests in addition to offering a more varied selection of curriculum.
The Scenario Now and Then:
The current state of education is completely different from what it was a few years ago. Modern
education was not valued at the time, just as traditional education is not valued today. The
education system must adapt as a result of shifting social demands. And the populace ought to
accept this transformation. In the past, parents used to teach their kids how to meet their own needs.
This was the fundamental purpose of education. And the goal remains the same now. The needs
of the populace are the only thing that have changed. Things that were once considered luxuries
have become necessities as time has gone on. The education had to change as the needs increased.
It would be challenging to meet today's needs without an evolution in education. In today's world,
we have a lot of convenience items in our homes. If education had not been improved, things like
washing fans, lights, washing machines, cars, refrigerators, televisions, and many more would not
have existed. The purpose of education remains the same, but life's circumstances have changed.
Men will desire more, and the value of education will rise. After fifty or a hundred years, it's likely
that people's requirements will change so much that education will undergo more reforms,
rendering what we are learning now completely worthless. (2018)

18. Equality in Education: Traditional education in schools was not intended for all pupils. There
was a lot of prejudice among the children. It was thought that education was only for the upper
crust. Children from lower-class homes were not permitted to attend school. Traditional education
was not intended for everyone. Everyone has access to contemporary schooling. Anyone can enrol
at a school and receive a modern education. We can claim that modern education is available to
all children because of modern education. As modern education developed, the principle of
equality was taught. Everyone was made to feel equal. This led to educational equality. Today,
all children, regardless of caste, religion, or society, sit in a classroom and study together. This
was not apparent in traditional schooling, which was not available to everybody. Furthermore,
traditional education was not given to the girls in the society. However, gender discrimination is
not tolerated in modern education. Girls and boys have the same right to an education. (2018)
The Knowledge Taught: As previously said, traditional education teaches pupils about
traditions, customs, rituals, and religion. Students in modern education are educated about
science, technology, language skills, and mathematics, among other things. The knowledge
supplied under the conventional school system was adequate for one's individual survival, but it
was insufficient to meet the needs of the entire globe. There was no proper educational system.
Every pupil was educated in a unique manner. There was no consistency in what was taught to
the kids. Modern education is also insufficient. Everything is getting obsolete as time passes, and
there is a need to enhance current education every now and again. (2018)

19. Teaching Methodology: The teaching methodology employed in modern education is certainly
better than that used in traditional school. It's more engaging and clear. It stresses
upon comprehension rather than memorization. (2018)
a. Pros and Cons of Modernism on Education
There is much more to modernism's impact on education, but if it is done without understanding,
it is likely to cause major issues; hence, when responding to modernization, we should consider
whether we are truly prepared for modernism. The reckless use or misuse of the internet by minors
via WhatsApp and Facebook, the impact factor for journals, and the API score for teachers are all
subjects that require further investigation in terms of their use as well as their implications.
It is the result of privatization-modernization, with the construction of over 20,000 (raised from
12,806 to 33023) institutes in a decade and student enrollment doubling from 8.4 million to 17
million. While modernization has resulted in more than 2.5 times the number of institutes, the
number of students enrolled has not increased proportionally, indicating excess capacity. Consider
this: modernism brought us to the dining table, but it took away our feelings and affection from
the mat, which lacked socialism. (Jha, 2016)

20. Modernism gave us safety in our compound but created walls of differences, the nuclear family
which probably arose juvenile delinquency, competition, stress, and fatigue. Nuclear family has
failed to help the child understand the control by elders (whether grand -parents, uncle, aunts,
cousins), love and affection for youngster and other family members, loving and caring relation of
brother and sister etc. which has resulted to severe problems in the society and needs severe and
sincere research. Suicide is also the result of impact of modernism on education which needs due
rigorous research and its remedial actual-real application. (Jha, 2016)

21. 3. CONCLUSION
Both professors and students attend school to learn new things. The conventional educational
system and teaching style are understandable. The conventional educational model, which
emphasizes memorizing. Students often benefit from traditional campus learning in more ways
than just academics. Traditional teaching techniques are less successful than spaced learning. It
entails developing a consistent routine or reality check, like feeling your pulse. (2018)
While a calm, understanding answer to modernism is likely to produce a society that is successful,
a crazy and hazy response to modernism without understanding is likely to produce difficulties,
which in turn is likely to wreck and corrupt the life and hence the society. Humans are designed to
be human. I'm not sure what modernism is if we can't feel our own selves or the selves of others.
Life is ours, and modernism is more than a concept; it is a reaction. How should we respond to
modernism? - We have a choice.
Both forms of education have value and a place in society. No form of schooling may be deemed
excellent or harmful. Both traditional and modern schooling were effective within their respective
time periods. Actually, it varies from person to person. According to what the learner wants to
learn. Traditional schooling is unquestionably superior for someone who wishes to learn about his
culture and religion. On the other side, modern schooling is beneficial for someone who wishes to
learn about science or mathematics. The importance of both types of schooling is equal.
Our culture is frequently associated with traditional education. Additionally, learning about one's
own culture is advantageous or crucial. Everyone should be aware of their traditions, culture, and
religious legends and tenets. Similar to how it's critical to keep up with the world's contemporary
advancements, which are happening right now. This highlights the significance of contemporary
schooling. To keep informed about the world and to be aware of what is occurring there, one needs
a modern education. (2018)
However, traditional education is being disregarded as a result of the rising relevance of modern
education, which is incorrect. If we completely disregard conventional schooling, our culture will
vanish. Nobody would be familiar with their own culture. For the benefit of the next generation,
our culture must be preserved. We must understand our culture in order to do this. Traditional
schooling is essential for this.

22. We cannot say which style of schooling is superior because each has its own significance. Both
categories are comparable to and distinct from one another. Traditional schooling has influenced
modern education. However, traditional education is being disregarded as a result of contemporary
education, which could lead to the extinction of our culture. Both conventional education and new
education should be valued equally.

23. 4. REFERENCES
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The International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. (2022, November 10).
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Kuiper, K. (2023, March 28). Modernism. Encyclopædia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/art/Modernism-art
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24. Panigrahi, S. (n.d.). The Higher Education Review.
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Targetstudy.com. (2018, September 19). Traditional education vs modern education. Target
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