This document discusses various modern money market instruments. It describes certificates of deposit (CDs), which are savings certificates with a fixed maturity date and interest rate. It also discusses commercial papers, repurchase agreements, banker's acceptances, collateralized borrowing and lending obligations (CBLOs), floating rate notes, and eurodollar bonds. Money market instruments help finance trade and industry while providing safe, profitable short-term investment opportunities for commercial banks and central banks.
Presentation on Brief introduction to Indian financial markets (Indian Financial System). This presentation broad classification of the financial system into financial institutions, financial markets, financial instruments and financial services.
Call Money
Notice Money
Definition of Call Money
Definition of Notice Money
FEATURES OF CALL MONEY
CALL MONEY MARKET
REASONS FOR EXISTENCE OF CALL MONEY
IMPACT OF CALL MONEY
Capital Market: Components & Functions of Capital Markets, Primary & Secondary Market Operations, Capital
Market Instruments - Preference Shares, Equity Shares, Non-voting Shares, Convertible Cumulative Debentures (CCD),
Fixed Deposits, Debentures and Bonds, Global Depository receipts, American Depository receipts, Global Debt
Instruments, Role of SEBI in Capital Market.
Presentation on Brief introduction to Indian financial markets (Indian Financial System). This presentation broad classification of the financial system into financial institutions, financial markets, financial instruments and financial services.
Call Money
Notice Money
Definition of Call Money
Definition of Notice Money
FEATURES OF CALL MONEY
CALL MONEY MARKET
REASONS FOR EXISTENCE OF CALL MONEY
IMPACT OF CALL MONEY
Capital Market: Components & Functions of Capital Markets, Primary & Secondary Market Operations, Capital
Market Instruments - Preference Shares, Equity Shares, Non-voting Shares, Convertible Cumulative Debentures (CCD),
Fixed Deposits, Debentures and Bonds, Global Depository receipts, American Depository receipts, Global Debt
Instruments, Role of SEBI in Capital Market.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEBT INSTRUMENTS IN INDIAVARUN KESAVAN
Debt Instruments are obligation of issuer of such instrument as regards certain future cash flow representing Interest & Principal, which the issuer would pay to the legal owner of the Instrument. Types of Debt Instruments are of different types like Bonds, Debentures, Commercial Papers, Certificates of Deposit, Government Securities (G - Secs) etc. The Government Securities (G-Secs) market is the oldest and the largest element of the Indian debt market in terms of market capitalization, trading volumes and outstanding securities. The G-Secs market plays a very important role in the Indian economy as it provides the benchmark for determining the level of interest rates in the country through the yields on the government securities which are treated as the risk-free rate of return in any economy.
The reserve Bank of India has allowed Primary Dealers, Banks and Financial Institutions in India to do transactions in debt instruments among themselves or with non-bank clients. Debt instruments provide fixed return known as coupon rate. Retail investors would have a natural preference for fixed income returns and especially so in the present situation of increasing volatility in the financial markets. Now, retail investors are also showing keen interest in Debt Instruments particularly in the Central Government Securities (G-secs).For an individual investor G-secs are one of the best investment options as there is zero default risk and lower volatility.
Presentation on Fixed Income Instruments. Content includes definition, types and Advantages.
Fixed income refers to any type of investment under which the borrower or issuer is obliged to make payments of a fixed amount on a fixed schedule. The benefit from investment is called a return.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
2. INTRODUCTION.
▶ The money market is the arena in which financial
institutions make available to a broad range of
borrowers and investors the opportunity to buy and sell
various forms of short-term securities. There is no physical
"money market." Instead it is an informal network of
banks and traders linked by telephones, fax machines,
and computers
▶ There are several money market instruments, including
treasury bills, commercial paper, bankers' acceptances,
deposits, certificates of deposit, bills of exchange,
repurchase agreements, federal funds, and short-lived
mortgage- and asset-backed securities.
3. WHAT IS A ‘CERTIFICATE OF
DEPOSIT-CD’?
▶ A certificate of deposit (CD) is a savings certificate with
a fixed maturity date, specified fixed interest rate and
can be issued in any denomination aside from minimum
investment requirements. A CD restricts access to the
funds until the maturity date of the investment. CDs are
generally issued by commercial banks and are insured
by the FDIC up to $250,000 per individual.
4. BREAKING DOWN 'CERTIFICATE OF
DEPOSIT – CD’
▶ Early Withdrawal Penalty
▶ Example of a Certificate of Deposit
▶ Types of CDs Available
▶ Theory Behind CDs
5. INTER-BANK PARTICIPATION
CERTIFICATES.
▶ short-term instruments
▶ short-term liquidity
▶ An instrument whereby a bank can sell to a third party a
part or all of a loan made by a bank to a client.
▶ Popularity lead the PC scheme to be replaced with
Inter Bank Participation (IBPs)
▶ Two types of IBPs-
1. On risk sharing basis
2. Without risk sharing
6. RECENTLY INTRODUCED SECURITIES.
1. CASH MANAGEMENT BILLS
▶ short term bills issued by central government to meet
its immediate cash needs.
▶ The bills are issued by the RBI on behalf of the
government.
2. DATED GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
▶ longer term securities and carry a fixed or floating
coupon
(interest rate) paid on the face value, payable at fixed
time period.
▶ The Public Debt Office (PDO) of the RBI acts as the
registry / depository of Government securities.
7. RECENTLY INTRODUCED SECURITIES.
1. INTER CORPORATE BONDS
▶ unsecured borrowing by corporates and FIs from other
corporate entities registered under the Companies Act
1956.
▶ The corporate having surplus funds would lend to
another corporate in need of funds.
2. PASS THROUGH CERTIFICATES
▶ A pass-through certificates (PTC) is an instrument that
evidences the ownership of two or more equipment
trust certificates.
▶ Equipment trust certificates may be bundled into a
pass-through structure as a means of diversifying the
asset pool and/or increasing the size of the offering.
8. COMMERCIAL PAPERS.
▶ Unsecured, short term debt
▶ Issued by large credit worthy corporations
▶ Interest cost less than interest on bank loan
▶ Used to fund working capital
USA-270 days maturity
ECP-364 days maturity
▶ Most issues mature in 90 days
▶ Issued at a discount
9. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF
COMMERCIAL PAPERS
ADVANTAGES
▶ Quick & cost effective way
▶ Cheaper than a bank loan
▶ Reduces cost of capital
▶ Wide range of maturity
▶ Exempt from SEC
DISADVANTAGES
▶ Available only to a few companies
▶ Limited amount can be raised
▶ Extending the maturity is not possible
▶ Rollover risk
10. REPURCHASE AGREEMENT.
➢ Short term
borrowing for
dealers in G-secs
➢ Very low interest
rate
➢ Buyer-Short term
lender
Seller-Short term
buyer
Security-collateral
11. REPO AGREEMENT
ADVANTAGES
❑ For Cash Investors
a. Security
b. Liquidity
c. Yield
❑ For Borrowers
a. Easy To Arrange
b. Liquidity
DISADVANTAGE
S
❑ Yield
❑ Administration
Costs
❑ Legal Costs
12. BANKER’S
ACCEPTANCE
▶ A Banker's acceptance, or BA, is a promised future
payment, or time draft, which is accepted and
guaranteed by a bank and drawn on a deposit at
the bank.
▶ The banker's acceptance specifies the amount of
money, the date, and the person to whom the
payment is due.
13. WHAT IS COLLATERALIZED BORROWING
AND LENDING OBLIGATION (CBLO)?
▶ CBLO is a discounted instrument available in electronic
book entry form for the maturity period ranging from one
day to one year. The CCIL provides the Dealing System
through Indian Financial Network (INFINET) and
Negotiated Dealing System for participating in the
market.
14. WHAT IS CBLO MARKET?
▶ The Collateralized Borrowing and Lending Obligation (CBLO)
market is a money market segment operated by the Clearing
Corporation of India Ltd (CCIL). In the CBLO market, financial
entities can avail short term loans by providing prescribed
securities as collateral.
WHO ARE THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE CBLO
MARKET?
▶ Institutions participating in CBLO are entities who have either
no access or restricted access to the inter -bank call money
market. Nationalized Banks, Private Banks, Foreign Banks, Co-
operative Banks, Insurance Companies, Mutual Funds, Primary
Dealers, etc., are eligible for CBLO membership.
15. What is an 'Eurodollar Bond?
Private organizations, international syndicates and
even governments, who are in need of foreign
denominated borrowings for a specified duration,
find Eurobond suitable for their needs.
A Eurodollar bond is a U.S.-dollar denominated bond issued by an
overseas company and held in a foreign institution outside both the
U.S. and the issuer's home country.
Who can issue Eurodollar bonds?
16. FLOATING RATE NOTES.
▶ A debt instrument with an interest rate that varies based
on a certain benchmark.
▶ Common floating-rate note benchmarks include LIBOR,
the federal funds rate, and the U.S. Treasury bill rate.
▶ Floating-rate notes can be callable or non-callable
▶ Floating-rate notes may also have what's known as a
"cap" or "floor."
17. HOW DO FLOATING-RATE NOTES WORK?
▶ Floating-rate notes are issued by both government
entities and private corporations, and their interest
rates change at specified intervals based on a certain
benchmark
▶ For example:
A floating-rate note might be issued with a maturity of
two years and an interest rate that resets quarterly based
on the three-month LIBOR rate plus 0.2%. As of this writing,
the three-month LIBOR rate is 0.66%, which means the
note would pay 0.86% for its first quarter after its issuance.
If the three-month LIBOR were to rise to 1% after one
quarter has passed, then the note's interest rate would
reset to 1.2%.
18. CONCLUSION.
▶ Money Market transactions involve short-term
instruments with a maturity of one year or less.
▶ Money market securities are very liquid, and are
considered very safe. As a result, they offer a lower
return than other securities.
▶ Thus these money market instruments help in Financing
trade, Financing industry.
▶ These are also Profitable investments that aid in Self-
sufficiency of commercial banks and are a great source
of help to the central bank.
19. THANK YOU.
▶ DONE BY
▶ YASHVI BHANSALI -4
▶ DHRUMI DOSHI-10
▶ KRISHA SHAH-61
▶ RIYA SHAH-62
▶ JUHI SHETH-65
▶ RIYA VANIGOTA-70