Modern Latin America
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The document provides information on several topics related to modern Latin America: 1) It discusses William Walker, a 19th century American filibuster who briefly took control of Nicaragua and was later executed in Honduras. 2) It mentions the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo who protested the disappearances of their children during Argentina's Dirty War. 3) It summarizes the 1982 Falklands War between the UK and Argentina over the disputed Falkland Islands, which resulted in an Argentine surrender.
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THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
MALOLOS CONGRESS AND MALOLOS CONSTITUTION
THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
THE AMERICANS STARTED THE WAR
THE FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR
GUERRILLA WARFARE
FILIPINOS LOSE THE WAR
THE CAPTURE OF AGUINALDO
HISTORICAL VALUES
1. Filipinos should be proud that the first independent republic in Asia by Asians was established by Aguinaldo in the Philippines from 1989 to 1901.
2. Filipinos are brave and sturdy people who will fight for their rights and independence, even if they lose.
3. Filipinos lost the Filipino-American war because they were not united and they had inferior weapons.
4. Like all wars, the Filipino-American war was very bloody and expensive.
a. The Americans sent 126,248 troops, of whom 4,234 died.
b. They have spent a vast sum of $16,000.
c. 200,000 civilian died of starvation and/or diseases.
d. Property worth of billions of pesos was damaged.
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The document summarizes key events in the Philippine-American War from 1899-1901, including the start of fighting between American forces and Filipino nationalists led by Emilio Aguinaldo seeking independence; major battles such as Olongapo and Balangiga; General Antonio Luna organizing guerrilla soldiers against American troops; Luna's controversial death; Gregorio del Pilar's last stand at Tirad Pass; and Aguinaldo's capture in Palanan in 1901.
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The document summarizes key events in the Filipino-American War:
1. The war began in February 1899 after tensions rose between American and Filipino troops stationed near Manila. This came after the US acquired the Philippines from Spain through the 1898 Treaty of Paris, straining US-Filipino relations.
2. Major battles were fought as American forces drove north and south to defeat Filipino troops. Notable Filipino generals like Antonio Luna and Gregorio del Pilar were killed in combat.
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The Spanish-American War marked the emergence of the United States as a world power. Driven by expansionist and imperialist sentiments, the U.S. went to war with Spain in 1898 over Cuba. The U.S. quickly defeated Spain and gained control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. This victory made the U.S. a colonial power and increased its political and economic influence globally. However, it also led to debates at home over imperialism and America's role in the world.
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The First Philippine Republic and the Filipino-American War
THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
MALOLOS CONGRESS AND MALOLOS CONSTITUTION
THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
THE AMERICANS STARTED THE WAR
THE FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR
GUERRILLA WARFARE
FILIPINOS LOSE THE WAR
THE CAPTURE OF AGUINALDO
HISTORICAL VALUES
1. Filipinos should be proud that the first independent republic in Asia by Asians was established by Aguinaldo in the Philippines from 1989 to 1901.
2. Filipinos are brave and sturdy people who will fight for their rights and independence, even if they lose.
3. Filipinos lost the Filipino-American war because they were not united and they had inferior weapons.
4. Like all wars, the Filipino-American war was very bloody and expensive.
a. The Americans sent 126,248 troops, of whom 4,234 died.
b. They have spent a vast sum of $16,000.
c. 200,000 civilian died of starvation and/or diseases.
d. Property worth of billions of pesos was damaged.
5. We should remember and honor President Aguinaldo and other heroes of this era because they fought with courage and honor. These veterans of the revolution were the real founding father of our independence.
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The document outlines several causes of US expansion in the late 19th/early 20th century, including the closing of the frontier, economic motivations like trade and resources, and ideologies like Social Darwinism and nationalism. It then discusses specific instances of US expansion like acquisitions in the Pacific, the annexation of Hawaii and war with Spain over Cuba and the Philippines. The construction of the Panama Canal is also mentioned.
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SuperStock/Everett Collection
This illustration from 1900 shows Uncle Sam standing
between departing American soldiers and American
missionaries who are arriving to Westernize the Filipino
people. The United States annexed the Philippines as
part of the treaty ending the Spanish–American War.
bar82063_04_c04_101-130.indd 101 12/15/14 8:45 AM
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Pre-Test
1. U.S. imperialism resulted in the annexation or control of Puerto Rico, Hawaii, and the
Philippines. T/F
2. Though Secretary of State John Hay called the Spanish–American War a “splendid little
war” in which the United States won, it resulted in no significant land gains for the
nation. T/F
3. The main commodity traded between the United States and Cuba was cotton. T/F
4. The American Anti-Imperialist League managed to prevent the United States from
annexing territory after the Spanish–American War. T/F
5. William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer provoked American support for
intervention in Cuba with the publication of sensational newspaper articles about
atrocities in Cuba. T/F
Answers can be found at the end of the chapter.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
• Define imperialism and explain its significance in the late 19th century.
• Discuss how issues of race influenced how some Americans and Europeans perceived
imperialism.
• Understand how the Monroe Doctrine shaped U.S. foreign policy.
• Explore the different ways the United States practiced imperialism.
• Consider the ways that new technology and means of communication influenced
U.S. imperialism.
• Explore how American interactions on the world stage changed or developed once the
nation possessed an “empire.”
American Lives: Queen Liliuokalani
European explorers had visited Hawaii on numerous occasions during the age of exploration,
discovering a lush paradise and a native population of Polynesian descent. British adventurer
James Cook dubbed the island chain the Sandwich Islands after his sponsor, the Earl of Sand-
wich, and published multiple accounts of his visits in 1778 and 1779. Early in the 19th century,
American missionaries arrived. They established schools and, working among the local inhabit-
ants, brought Western culture and customs to the nation located about 2,000 miles southwest of
the U.S. mainland. In many ways American cultural imperialism, the policy of extending power
and influence, touched Hawaii long before the age of expansion in the late 19th century.
Americans also held dominant economic and political interests in the islands that evolved into
almost total control by 1890. Starting in the 1840s some saw Hawaii as a natural Pacific outpost
for America, and in 1842 President John Tyler declared that the United States would protect its
independence against foreign threats. Significant production of cane sugar made the islands an
important trading partner. By 18 ...
Ap ch 23
This document provides an overview of nation-building and economic transformation in the Americas between 1800-1890. It summarizes the independence movements in Latin America beginning in the early 1800s, led by figures like Simon Bolivar. It also discusses the establishment of new political systems in these countries and the challenges of regionalism. It outlines the abolition of slavery in different nations and the impacts of immigration. It analyzes social changes including the development of women's rights movements and struggles for racial justice.
History 33 Final-Assignment 9 Part 1
The document provides a summary of each chapter in a history textbook about Mexicans in the United States. It discusses key topics like Spanish conquest of Aztecs, the Mexican-American War, periods of immigration from Mexico to the US, the Mexican Revolution, challenges faced during economic downturns, Mexican American civil rights movements, and increasing political power of Latino communities. Major themes include Spanish colonization, periods of immigration and settlement, discrimination and efforts to gain rights, and recent increasing demographic and political influence of Mexican Americans.
Mexicanos
This document provides a summary of Mexican history from the arrival of the Spaniards in Mexico to recent trends among the Mexican population in the United States. It covers major periods and events including the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs, the Mexican War of Independence from Spain, mass Mexican immigration to the US in the early 20th century, and the rise of the Chicano movement fighting for civil rights. More recently, it discusses the growth of the Mexican population and culture in the US as well as ongoing issues around immigration and socioeconomic status.
19c early20c revolutionsinlatinamerica (Mr. Macale)
1. The document summarizes the key causes and events of the Latin American revolutions in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
2. Key causes included the spread of Enlightenment ideas, Creole discontent over lack of representation, and inspiration from the American and French Revolutions.
3. Major figures in the revolutions included Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín, who led independence movements across South America.
4. However, Bolívar's dream of a united South America failed and the newly independent nations struggled with instability, poverty, and caudillo rule in the early 19th century.
California
1) California had a troubled history as a territory, first belonging to Mexico from 1821-1846 and experiencing political instability and unrest among native peoples.
2) During the Mexican era from 1824-1846, governors like Figueroa tried to secularize the missions but died in 1835, and trade with countries like England and the United States increased which led to American annexation.
3) In the late 19th century, California's connection to the military grew as the U.S. became a military power and California was strategically important, exemplified by the establishment of bases like the San Diego Navy yard in 1914.
Mexrev
The Mexican Revolution began in 1910 as a result of frustration with President Porfirio Díaz's increasingly authoritarian rule and failure to hold free elections. Although Díaz had brought economic growth, he ruled as a dictator for over 30 years and did not share power. The Revolution involved many factions fighting for power over the next decade, including Francisco Madero, who first led the revolt against Díaz, and later Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa, who continued fighting for land reforms and democracy. The Revolution ultimately resulted in a new nationalist constitution in 1917 that established rights for workers and peasants.
How The Americas Change
The document summarizes how the Americas changed during the 19th century. It discusses the expansion and conflicts in North America, Central America, and South America. In North America, Canada had close ties to Britain and no civil war, while the US had a bloody civil war from 1861-1865 over slavery and states' rights. Central and South American nations struggled with self-governance after independence from Spain, experiencing many revolts and civil wars. The US Civil War began with Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 and the secession of 7 southern states, ending with the North's victory and abolition of slavery.
How The Americas Change
The document discusses how the Americas changed during the 19th century. It saw expansion in Canada and the United States through westward movement, but Central and South America struggled with independence. The US had a civil war from 1861-1865 over slavery and states' rights, which was a bloody conflict ultimately resulting in the North's victory and abolition of slavery. Key figures and battles of the American Civil War are also outlined.
Modern latin america
This document provides background information on Latin America's wars of independence and the rise of caudillos in the early 19th century. It then discusses several specific conflicts, such as the Battle of Cepeda in 1820 between Unitarians and Federalists in Argentina and the ongoing civil war between these factions. Later sections profile several modern Latin American countries, including Mexico and its relationship with the US under NAFTA, Venezuela under Hugo Chavez, Colombia's drug conflicts and divided geography, and Brazil's status as a rising global economic power. Biographies of Colombian celebrities Sofia Vergara and drug lord Pablo Escobar are also included.
Modern latin america
This document provides background information on Latin America's wars of independence and the rise of caudillos in the early 19th century. It then discusses several specific conflicts, such as the Battle of Cepeda in 1820 between Unitarians and Federalists in Argentina and the ongoing civil war between these factions. Finally, it outlines brief biographies of Colombian actress Sofia Vergara and Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar.
Latin American Wars Independence
By the late 1700s, discontent with Spanish rule in Latin America led to independence movements. In Haiti, Toussaint L'Ouverture led a successful slave revolt in 1791. Mexico gained independence after revolts led by Miguel Hidalgo and Agustín de Iturbide overthrew Spanish rule. Central American nations declared independence in the 1820s. Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín led successful uprisings that freed nations of South America like Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia from Spain. However, the newly independent nations struggled with instability and establishing democratic governments.
4.1 The New ImperialismThe industrialization of the last quart.docx
4.1 The New Imperialism
The industrialization of the last quarter of the 19th century coincided with an era of expansion during which European nations and Japan extended and consolidated their empires. Known as the new imperialism, and lasting into the first decades of the 20th century, it was a time marked by the relentless pursuit of overseas territories. Established nations used new technologies to make their empires more valuable through territorial conquest and the exploitation of natural resources. Despite many Americans’ objections that imperialism was incompatible with the nation’s values, the United States also established an empire in this era by annexing Hawaii, establishing a permanent presence in Cuba, and taking control of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.
World Grab for Colonies
Americans watched as one European nation after another expanded its empire. Portugal and Spain had amassed large empires as early as the 15th and 16th centuries, but by the mid-19th century Great Britain was the dominant colonial power. The possessor of the world’s largest navy, Britain also had a long history of colonization, beginning with Ireland and America in the 16th century. After losing its 13 American colonies, Britain turned toward colonizing parts of Asia, particularly India, and in the late 19th century its empire expanded across the African continent as well. In what became known as the “scramble for Africa” other European nations—including Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, and Portugal—joined the British in carving up the continent between 1881 and 1914
The French also expanded into Southeast Asia, gaining control of nations such as Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. The Russians pushed out from their existing borders to extend their influence in the Middle East and Far East. Even the Japanese, who had historically shied away from relations with the outside world, began to aggressively pursue the extension of their borders. Beginning by conquering nearby islands such as Okinawa and the Kurils, by 1894 Japan waged war against China for control of Korea and Taiwan.
The imperial thrust of European and Asian nations reflected patterns and rivalries established centuries before, such as the many historical conflicts between France and Great Britain. But there was a novel and urgent dimension to the new imperialism as well, including a turn toward modernity and especially industrialization. Economic growth and industrial production created dual demands for raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods and agricultural products. Capitalists invested surplus funds in developing nations and expected their business interests to be protected there in return. Technology and capital thus contributed to bigger and more effective navies, which in turn required colonial outposts to serve as fueling stations and bases of operation.
The period’s revival of evangelical religion also drove overseas expansion by Europeans and Americans. Mi ...
Modern latin america
The document discusses several causes of wars in 19th century Latin America, including race wars stemming from the Haitian Revolution, ideology of independence influenced by the American and French Revolutions, debates over separation versus union of newly independent nations, boundary disputes due to poorly defined colonial borders, and wars of territorial conquest against indigenous groups. It also provides background on NAFTA, the Zapatista uprising in Mexico, and former Mexico City mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador.
Modern Latin America
Britain's interest in Latin America grew in the early 1800s as Spain lost control over its colonies. Britain invested in Latin American governments and mining ventures. However, Britain's investments and interests declined in the 1920s due to lack of foreign investment from the US and financial crises caused by World War 2. Internal civil wars and conflicts with Spain and the US also caused friction and debt in Latin America.
Modern Latin America
Britain's interests in Latin America grew in the early 1800s as Spain lost control over its colonies. Britain invested in Latin American governments and mining ventures. However, Britain's interests and investments declined in the 1920s due to lack of foreign investment from the US and financial crises caused by World War 2. Internal civil wars and conflicts with Spain and the US also increased political instability and debt in Latin America.
Modern Latin America
Britain's interests in Latin America grew in the early 1800s as Spain lost control over its colonies. Britain invested in Latin American governments and mining ventures. However, Britain's interests and investments declined in the 1920s due to lack of foreign investment from the US and financial crises caused by World War 2. Internal civil wars and conflicts with Spain and the US also increased political instability and debt in Latin America.
Mexicanos
This document summarizes the history of Mexico and Mexican Americans from prehistory to the present. Key events include Spanish conquest in the 15th-16th centuries led by figures like Christopher Columbus and Hernan Cortes; Mexican independence from Spain in 1821; the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848 and subsequent Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; the Mexican Revolution from 1910-1920; large waves of Mexican immigration to the U.S. in the early 20th century; and the Chicano civil rights movement of the 1960s-70s advocating for equality and cultural pride. It examines the experiences of Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans over time through wars, economic difficulties, discrimination, and empowerment movements
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