The document defines modal verbs as auxiliary verbs that indicate modality or likelihood, ability, permission, or possibility. It provides a list of common modal verbs such as can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, ought to, and must. The document discusses the structure of modal verbs, stating that they do not add suffixes for third person singular and do not require auxiliaries to form negatives or questions. Various uses of different modal verbs are defined through examples, such as expressing permission, possibility, decisions, suggestions, requests, and indicating what is required or correct.

4. I. DEFINITION
A modal verb is a type of auxiliary verb
that is used to indicate modality-that is
likelihood, ability, permission, possiblity,...
Two of my
friends can
play guitar
(ability)

5. MODAL VERBS
LIST OF MODALVERBS
Can
Could
May
Might
Will
Would
Shall
Should
Ought to
Must

6. Subject Modal verb Main verb Complement
I
We
They
You
He
She
It
must
can
should
may
will
go to sleep.
drink some water.
eat some food.
do some exercise.
Use the basic form or INFINITIVE of
the main verbs after the modal verbs.
II. STRUCTURE

7. MODAL VERBS
A. Modal verbs do not add s or es to
the third person singular.
He can swim. He cans swim.

8. MODAL VERBS
• Simple
I could work
He could work
It could work
They could work
• Perfect
I could have worked
He could have worked
It could have worked
They could have worked
• Continuous
I could be working
He could be working
It could be working
They could be working
•Perfect continuous I
could have been working He
could have been working It
could have been working
They could have been working

9. MODAL VERBS
B. Modal verbs don’t need auxiliaries to form
negative and question.
Exp : She should stay.
She doesn’t should stay. → She shouldn’t stay.
Why does she stay? → Why should shestay?
c. Modal verbs don’t have infinitives or –ing
forms
Exp: canning to might

10. MODAL VERBS
HOW TO USE
CAN
Use Example
Ability / Possibility
Impossibility
Asking for permission
Wecan’t fix it.
Can I bring
here?
 They can control their own
work.



R
equest Can you help
me?

11. MODAL VERBS
COULD
Use Example
Could I borrow your
dictionary?
R
equest
Permission 
Could you say it again more
slowly?
Possibility
Future
Ability
 I think we could have another tea.
 I wish Cndrll could meet me next week.
 He gave up his old job so he could work
for us.


12. MODAL VERBS
MAY
Use Example
 May I have another cup of
coffee?
 I may finish my homework
permission
possibility

13. MODAL VERBS
MIGHT
Use Example
Possibility  We'd better phone tomorrow, theymight be
eating their dinner now.
.

14. MODAL VERBS
Use Example
Sayingwhat’s right or correct
 She ought to finish by next
week.

15. MODAL VERBS
SHALL
Use
Suggestion Shall we say 2.30
then?
Example
 Shall I help you with your
luggage?
Shall I do that or will you?
Permission
Offer


16. MODAL VERBS
III. USAGE
SHOULD
Use Example
Sayingwhat’s right or correct

Possibility

We should solve this
problem. Fees should
decrease next year.

17. MODAL VERBS
WILL
Use Example
Decisions  I can’t seeanytaxissoI’llwalk
 I'll do that for you if you like.
 I’ll come back on Monday.
Offer
Promise

18. MODAL VERBS
III. USAGE
WOULD
Use Example
Permission  Would you mind if I brought a 
moment?
Would you mind waiting a friend with me?

Invitation Would you like to play basketball this
Friday?
R
equest 

19. MODALS
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MODAN.COM
MODALS

20. M I G H T
S H O U L D
C U L D
S H A L L
W I L L
M U S T
O

21. THE END
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