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MODAL VERBS
STRUCTURE
1- DO NOT TAKE-S, -ING,OR-ED SUFFIXES
( shouldS shouldEDshouldING are notcorrect)
2- FOLLOWED BY THE BARE INFINITIVE( INFINITIVEWITHOUT TO)
( SHOULD TO DO isnot correct)
3- COME BEFORE THE SUBJECT IN QUESTIONSAND ARE FOLLOWED BY NOT IN NEGATIONS.Example: MUST I
do this? No,you MUSTN’T do it
4- THEY DO NOT HAVETENSES IN THE NORMAL SENSE( I WILL MUST isnot correct,I am MUSTING is not
correct)
5- THEY ARE FOLLOWED BY A PRESENT BARE INFINITIVEWHEN THE REFER TO AN INCOMPLETE ACTION OR
STATE.
a. We SHOULD STOP the show( Present)
b. You SHOULD BE STUDYING more ( Presentcontinuous)
6- THEY ARE FOLLOWED BY A PERFECT BARE INFINITIVETOREFER TO A COMPLETE ACTION ORSTATE.
a. They SHOULD HAVERUN more today
b. TheySHOULD HAVEBEEN STUDYING more today.
USES ( MODALITY)
OBLIGATION / DUTY / NECESSITY
 MUST expressesDUTYor STRONG OBLIGATION.Ex:I MUST helpmybrother.
 HAVETO expressesSTRONGNECESSITY/OBLIGATION. Ex: I HAVETO studyharder.
 HAD TO is the past formof MUST andHAVE TO. Ex: I HAD TO helpmybrotherto studymaths.
 SHOULD/ OUGHT TO expressDUTY, WEAKOBLIGATION.Ex: theySHOULD recycle more.
ABSENCE OF NECESSITY
 DON’THAVE TO / DON’TNEED TO / NEEDN’T expresses itISnotnecessary( PAST)
Ex: She NEEDN’T / DOESN’TNEED TO/ DOESN’THAVE TO payfor the ticket
 DIDN’TNEED TO/DIDN’T HAVETO expressesitWASnotnecessary( PAST)
Ex: He DIDN’TNEED TO / DIDN’THAVETO buy me a new dress.
 NEEDN’THAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE.SomethingwasnotnecessaryBUT itwas done.
Example:YouNEEDN’THAVE BOUGHT oranges( but youdid).
PROHIBITION
 MUSTN’T. It is forbiddentodosomething. Ex:YouMUSTN’T smoke here
ADVICE

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Modal verbs

  • 1. MODAL VERBS STRUCTURE 1- DO NOT TAKE-S, -ING,OR-ED SUFFIXES ( shouldS shouldEDshouldING are notcorrect) 2- FOLLOWED BY THE BARE INFINITIVE( INFINITIVEWITHOUT TO) ( SHOULD TO DO isnot correct) 3- COME BEFORE THE SUBJECT IN QUESTIONSAND ARE FOLLOWED BY NOT IN NEGATIONS.Example: MUST I do this? No,you MUSTN’T do it 4- THEY DO NOT HAVETENSES IN THE NORMAL SENSE( I WILL MUST isnot correct,I am MUSTING is not correct) 5- THEY ARE FOLLOWED BY A PRESENT BARE INFINITIVEWHEN THE REFER TO AN INCOMPLETE ACTION OR STATE. a. We SHOULD STOP the show( Present) b. You SHOULD BE STUDYING more ( Presentcontinuous) 6- THEY ARE FOLLOWED BY A PERFECT BARE INFINITIVETOREFER TO A COMPLETE ACTION ORSTATE. a. They SHOULD HAVERUN more today b. TheySHOULD HAVEBEEN STUDYING more today. USES ( MODALITY) OBLIGATION / DUTY / NECESSITY  MUST expressesDUTYor STRONG OBLIGATION.Ex:I MUST helpmybrother.  HAVETO expressesSTRONGNECESSITY/OBLIGATION. Ex: I HAVETO studyharder.  HAD TO is the past formof MUST andHAVE TO. Ex: I HAD TO helpmybrotherto studymaths.  SHOULD/ OUGHT TO expressDUTY, WEAKOBLIGATION.Ex: theySHOULD recycle more. ABSENCE OF NECESSITY  DON’THAVE TO / DON’TNEED TO / NEEDN’T expresses itISnotnecessary( PAST) Ex: She NEEDN’T / DOESN’TNEED TO/ DOESN’THAVE TO payfor the ticket  DIDN’TNEED TO/DIDN’T HAVETO expressesitWASnotnecessary( PAST) Ex: He DIDN’TNEED TO / DIDN’THAVETO buy me a new dress.  NEEDN’THAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE.SomethingwasnotnecessaryBUT itwas done. Example:YouNEEDN’THAVE BOUGHT oranges( but youdid). PROHIBITION  MUSTN’T. It is forbiddentodosomething. Ex:YouMUSTN’T smoke here ADVICE