Mobility & Energy Futures Series: transport consumes a fifth of global energy and has a near-exclusive reliance on petroleum. As such it has an important role to play in the Energy Trilemma of reducing energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emission, creating an energy system built on secure supplies and developing the system in ways which are affordable.
Addressing the Energy Trilemma in the transport and mobility sector is especially challenging due to the continued growth in demand for the movement of goods and people, the technical, regulatory and social challenges of moving away from an oil based system of mobility and a complex and fragmented set of stakeholders required to work together to deliver change.
Drawing on the expertise and opinions of the University of Leeds academics from different disciplines, this series will highlight the drivers, gaps and opportunities in reducing the energy consumption and carbon emissions from the transport sector in future. This is the inaugurating briefing in the series.
The Charging Infrastructure Ecosystem by Matteo MuratoriForth
Matteo Muratori, Ph.D., Chief Analyst – Sustainable Transportation at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) gave this presentation at the Forth The Charging Infrastructure Ecosystem webinar on October 12, 2021.
An overview of potential future lifecycle impacts of low carbon vehicles. Shifting to hybrid and electric vehicles will mean that an increasing share of lifecycle GHG emissions come from the production of the vehicle and electricity. Presentation given at the annual LowCVP conference by Nik Hill, knowledge leader for transport technology at Ricardo-AEA
Robin Lovelace and Ian Philips' presentation on methods to measure transport and domestic energy poverty with the "low-income-high-costs" method for the international workshop "Energy-related economic stress at the interface between transport poverty, fuel poverty and residential location", held at the University of Leeds, 20th – 21st May 2015.
The Charging Infrastructure Ecosystem by Matteo MuratoriForth
Matteo Muratori, Ph.D., Chief Analyst – Sustainable Transportation at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) gave this presentation at the Forth The Charging Infrastructure Ecosystem webinar on October 12, 2021.
An overview of potential future lifecycle impacts of low carbon vehicles. Shifting to hybrid and electric vehicles will mean that an increasing share of lifecycle GHG emissions come from the production of the vehicle and electricity. Presentation given at the annual LowCVP conference by Nik Hill, knowledge leader for transport technology at Ricardo-AEA
Robin Lovelace and Ian Philips' presentation on methods to measure transport and domestic energy poverty with the "low-income-high-costs" method for the international workshop "Energy-related economic stress at the interface between transport poverty, fuel poverty and residential location", held at the University of Leeds, 20th – 21st May 2015.
ACV des véhicules électriques et thermiques aux US - MITGhislain Delabie
Étude du MIT comparant les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (en équivalent CO2) des véhicules disponibles sur le marché américain, en fonction du mix énergétique de l'électricité alimentant les véhicules.
Diane Gray, President and CEO, CentrePort Canada, Inc., spoke during the CEC's Joint Public Advisory Committee's round table on sustainable transportation on July 10, 2013. More info. at http://cec.org/council2013
Electric vehicles (EVs) coupled with low-carbon electricity sources offer the potential for
reducing greenhouse gas emissions and exposure to tailpipe emissions from personal trans-
portation. In considering these benefits, it is important to address concerns of problem-
shifting. In addition, while many studies have focused on the use phase in comparing
transportation options, vehicle production is also significant when comparing conventional
and EVs.
eThekwini Energy Office unido_sustainable_transport_and_mobility_for_cities_w...UNIDO-LCT
The United Nations Industrial Development Organization's Low Carbon Transport Project hosted a workshop seminar on sustainable transport and mobility for cities in Durban on the 30th of March 2017. This workshop was presented with the aim of highlighting the benefits of using electrified mobility powered by renewable energy. The objectives of the workshop included: Enlightening members of the sustainable transport fraternity in South Africa; sharing the current policy developments for sustainable transport use and operations; discussing the environmental benefits of including electric vehicles in South Africa’s transportation modal mix; offering insights to the various types of transport modes available and those suitable for city commuting and public services; proposing methods to include green vehicles into local government fleets; discussing the possibilities of converting a fleet to electric drive vehicles through other initiatives; demonstrating macroeconomic factors to better understand how the introduction of electrified transport modes could add value to the economy of the city and South Africa at large.
Sustainable Transportation in MelbourneESD UNU-IAS
Sustainable Transportation in Melbourne
Presented by Mr. Joseph Strzempka, Mr. Esteban Velez Vega, and Ms. Hao Yin
2018 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
12-16 November, 2018
Presentation by Caroline Mullen & Greg Marsden, delivered at Royal Geographical Society (RGS) Annual International Conference, August 2014.
www.rgs.org/WhatsOn/ConferencesAndSeminars/Annual+International+Conference
www.demand.ac.uk
www.it.leeds.ac.uk
Electric vehicles and electric utilities – a clear opportunity with many shapesCarlo Stella
While several stakeholders are supportive of the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, we have looked specifically at electric utilities to understand the opportunities that such a change in the transportation landscape can generate, and define the key questions to be addressed in order to embrace them. We have identified four business models – by no means evolutionary – that can be looked at independently, and eventually combined to fit the company’s strategy and the specific market conditions (e.g., regulation, competition, ecosystem, customer readiness). We strongly believe electric utilities are ideally positioned to leverage the opportunities offered by the adoption of electric vehicles on a mass-market scale, but they need to act fast, as many other players are addressing the same opportunity
Authors: Dr Zia Wadud & Professor Jillian Anable
Google, Apple, Tesla; all household names
which are becoming inextricably linked to the
vision of the so-called driverless, autonomous
or automated vehicles, holding out the prospect
of a revolution in the ways we’ll move around
in future. But what are the potential benefits
and pitfalls from this revolution in mobility
technology? The LowCVP and the Institution of
Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) commissioned
the Institute for Transport Studies, Leeds to
investigate the potential impacts of these exciting
new technologies and to provide some pointers
as to how policy makers may need to respond to
make sure they can deliver the greatest benefits
in terms of carbon emissions and air quality.
ACV des véhicules électriques et thermiques aux US - MITGhislain Delabie
Étude du MIT comparant les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (en équivalent CO2) des véhicules disponibles sur le marché américain, en fonction du mix énergétique de l'électricité alimentant les véhicules.
Diane Gray, President and CEO, CentrePort Canada, Inc., spoke during the CEC's Joint Public Advisory Committee's round table on sustainable transportation on July 10, 2013. More info. at http://cec.org/council2013
Electric vehicles (EVs) coupled with low-carbon electricity sources offer the potential for
reducing greenhouse gas emissions and exposure to tailpipe emissions from personal trans-
portation. In considering these benefits, it is important to address concerns of problem-
shifting. In addition, while many studies have focused on the use phase in comparing
transportation options, vehicle production is also significant when comparing conventional
and EVs.
eThekwini Energy Office unido_sustainable_transport_and_mobility_for_cities_w...UNIDO-LCT
The United Nations Industrial Development Organization's Low Carbon Transport Project hosted a workshop seminar on sustainable transport and mobility for cities in Durban on the 30th of March 2017. This workshop was presented with the aim of highlighting the benefits of using electrified mobility powered by renewable energy. The objectives of the workshop included: Enlightening members of the sustainable transport fraternity in South Africa; sharing the current policy developments for sustainable transport use and operations; discussing the environmental benefits of including electric vehicles in South Africa’s transportation modal mix; offering insights to the various types of transport modes available and those suitable for city commuting and public services; proposing methods to include green vehicles into local government fleets; discussing the possibilities of converting a fleet to electric drive vehicles through other initiatives; demonstrating macroeconomic factors to better understand how the introduction of electrified transport modes could add value to the economy of the city and South Africa at large.
Sustainable Transportation in MelbourneESD UNU-IAS
Sustainable Transportation in Melbourne
Presented by Mr. Joseph Strzempka, Mr. Esteban Velez Vega, and Ms. Hao Yin
2018 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
12-16 November, 2018
Presentation by Caroline Mullen & Greg Marsden, delivered at Royal Geographical Society (RGS) Annual International Conference, August 2014.
www.rgs.org/WhatsOn/ConferencesAndSeminars/Annual+International+Conference
www.demand.ac.uk
www.it.leeds.ac.uk
Electric vehicles and electric utilities – a clear opportunity with many shapesCarlo Stella
While several stakeholders are supportive of the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, we have looked specifically at electric utilities to understand the opportunities that such a change in the transportation landscape can generate, and define the key questions to be addressed in order to embrace them. We have identified four business models – by no means evolutionary – that can be looked at independently, and eventually combined to fit the company’s strategy and the specific market conditions (e.g., regulation, competition, ecosystem, customer readiness). We strongly believe electric utilities are ideally positioned to leverage the opportunities offered by the adoption of electric vehicles on a mass-market scale, but they need to act fast, as many other players are addressing the same opportunity
Authors: Dr Zia Wadud & Professor Jillian Anable
Google, Apple, Tesla; all household names
which are becoming inextricably linked to the
vision of the so-called driverless, autonomous
or automated vehicles, holding out the prospect
of a revolution in the ways we’ll move around
in future. But what are the potential benefits
and pitfalls from this revolution in mobility
technology? The LowCVP and the Institution of
Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) commissioned
the Institute for Transport Studies, Leeds to
investigate the potential impacts of these exciting
new technologies and to provide some pointers
as to how policy makers may need to respond to
make sure they can deliver the greatest benefits
in terms of carbon emissions and air quality.
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/research/mobility-energy-futures-series
Freight transport constitutes a very significant but under researched part of total transport demand, and one in which
the prospects for lower energy use and associated lower
carbon emissions may prove particularly elusive. Reducing
energy use and carbon emission whilst maintaining the freight
transport services that the modern global economy requires
will hinge on many recent and current trends being changed.
September 2019 edition of the DecarbEurope primer on electric vehicles, reviewing some of the major issues to address in the coming years:
* low-emission zones
* right-to-plug
* 150 kW network
CUSTOMER BUYING INTENTION TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLE IN INDIAIAEME Publication
Electric vehicle is a new way of transportation having no air, noise pollution and
an environmental friendly way to commute. India being a major market for electric
vehicle and government plan to be an electric vehicle country by 2030 is a major
ambitious plan and to achieve this this study has been conducted to check the
acceptability of people towards electric vehicle and its effect on automobile industry.
In this study we tried to find the people opinion and their awareness about the electric
vehicle, reaction to some shortcomings of electric vehicle and will people accept it
wholeheartedly. Government of India launched FAME scheme to increase the
adoption of electric vehicle among masses.
Almost all the vehicle producer in the world have at least one electric vehicle in
their product portfolio and around the globe the acceptance of electric people is
rapidly growing. Several policies in favor of electric mobility has been rolled out and
its immediate effect are positive. However it’s an ambitious and long journey with a
comprehensive policy plan, it can be achieved. Policies need to be introduce to
discourage the further adoption of gasoline vehicle and new schemes need to be
implemented to aggravate the adoption of electric vehicle.
This study used 9 independent factors pertaining to characteristics of electric cars
and developed a regression model for determining the buying behavior of customer.
The analysis was done using R software. The study found that mobility and recharging
characteristics were found to be most significant factors while RTO norms was
considered to be the least significant characteristic affecting the buying decision of
electric cars. The model developed from our study was 88% accurate and hence can
be used for predicting the buying behavior of customer. This study is of prime
importance to the companies who wanted to launch electric cars in India.
Jillian Anable, The Centre for Transport Research, University of Aberdeen
Christian Brand, The Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford
Nick Eyre, The Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford
I compiled this presentation recently to summarize key aspects around electric cars from a layman perspective. The study touches upon interplay between industry and state in key markets with some enhanced focus on Europe
Similar to Mobility and Energy Futures Series - Self Driving Cars (20)
www.nhtnetwork.org/cqc-efficiency-network/home
The CQC Efficiency Network is a collaborative venture between ITS researcher Dr Phill Wheat and leading
performance and benchmarking company measure2improve (m2wi). Dr Wheat has used funding from the EPSRC
Impact Acceleration Account (IAA) to refine the tools to support m2i in developing the fast growing network. The IAA is an institutional award funded by EPSRC to help speed up the contribution that engineering and physical science research make towards new innovation, successful businesses and
the economic returns that benefit UK plc.
Posters summarizing dissertation research projects - presented by MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds, April 2017. http://bit.ly/2re35Cs
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
Cutting-edge transport research showcased to Secretary of State during the event to officially re- open the Institute building www.leeds.ac.uk/news/article/4011/cutting-edge_transport_research_showcased_to_secretary_of_state
DR STEPHEN HALL, PROFESSOR SIMON SHEPHERD, DR ZIA WADUD; UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, IN COLLABORATION WITH FUTURE CITIES CATAPULT
Also see https://theconversation.com/five-reasons-why-you-might-be-driving-electric-sooner-than-you-think-71896
Presentation Fiona Crawford - winner of the Smeed prize for best student paper at the UTSG Conference 2017
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/people/f.crawford
www.utsg.net/web/index.php?page=annual-conference
Efforts to reduce the emissions from car travel have so far been hampered by a lack of specific information on car ownership and use. The Motoring and vehicle Ownership Trends in the UK (MOT) project seeks to address this by bringing together new sources of data to give a spatially and disaggregated diagnosis of car ownership and use in Great Britain and the associated energy demand and emissions.
Data from annual car M.O.T tests, made available by the Department for Transport, will be used as a platform upon which to develop and undertake a set of inter-linked modelling and analysis tasks using multiple sources of vehicle-specific and area-based data. Through this the project will develop the capability to understand spatial and temporal differences in car ownership and use, the determinants of those differences, and how levels may change over time and in response to various policy measures. The relationship between fuel use and emissions, and the demographic, economic, infrastructural and socio-cultural factors influencing these will also be tested.
Consequently, the MOT project has the potential to transform the way in which energy and emissions related to car use are quantified, understood and monitored to help refine future research and policy agendas and to inform transport and energy infrastructure planning.
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/research/featured-projects/mot
The University's Annual Review covering the 2015-16 academic year. This new publication gives an overview of some of the most important initiatives and activities that the University has undertaken recently and a sense of the scale of the ambition for the future.
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/people/c.calastri
Social networks, i.e. the circles of people we are socially connected to, have been recognised to play a role in shaping our travel and activity behaviour. This not only has to do with socialisation being the purpose of travel, but also with enabling mobility and other activities through the so-called social capital. Another theme in the literature connecting social environment and travel behaviour is social influence, i.e. the investigation of how travel behaviour can be affected by observation or comparison with other people. Research about the impact of social influence on travel choices is still at its infancy. In this talk, I will give an overview of how choice modelling can be used to investigate the relationships between social networks, travel and activities. I will touch upon work that I have done so far, in particular I will describe my applications of the Multiple Discrete-Continuous Extreme Value (MDCEV) model to frequency of social interactions as well as to allocation of time to different activities, taking the social dimension into account. In these studies, I make use of social network and travel data collected in places as diverse as Switzerland and Chile. I will also discuss ongoing work making use of longitudinal life-course data to model the impact of family of origin and the “mobility environment” people grew up in on travel decision of adults. Finally, I will outline future plans about modelling behavioural changes due to social influence using the smartphone app travel data that are being collected in Leeds within the “Choices and consumption: modelling long and short term decisions in a changing world” (“DECISIONS”) project.
Shigeki Oxawa is Associate Professor at the Department of Integrated Informatics, Daido University and part-time Lecturer in Transport Economics at Hosei University. He is a transport economist with a strong interest in transport policy. He is currently an academic visitor at Leeds University (April 2016-March 2017) working in the area of intermodal transport (with a focus on rail freight transport) and in turn track access charges.
Abstract: In the national railway revolution in Japan, the passenger division was divided into 6 companies by regions. They operate trains and own/manage the rail track (vertical integration system). On the other hand, vertical separation was introduced into freight companies, therefore, freight companies have to access rail track owned/managed by passenger companies. The Japanese regulator regards track access transactions between passenger companies and freight companies as private business.
In the vertical separation system, freight companies cannot get access to the slots required and efficient allocation of rail track cannot be achieved. The vertical separation is a very significant issue in railway policy and freight transport policy in Japan. In the presentation, causes and possible solutions to the issue will be shown.
Shigeki is Associate Professor at the Department of Integrated Informatics, Daido University and part-time Lecturer in Transport Economics at Hosei University. He is a transport economist with a strong interest in transport policy. He is currently an academic visitor at Leeds University (April 2016-March 2017) working in the area of intermodal transport (with a focus on rail freight transport) and in turn track access charges. He has 20 years of experience in research and teaching.
Presentation from NORTHMOST - a new biannual series of meetings on the topic of mathematical modelling in transport.
Hosted at its.leeds.ac.uk, NORTHMOST 01 focussed on academic research, to encourage networking and collaboration between academics interested in the methodological development of mathematical modelling applied to transport.
The focus of the meetings will alternate; NORTHMOST 02 - planned for Spring 2017 - will be led by practitioners who are modelling experts. Practitioners will give presentations, with academic researchers in the audience. In addition to giving a forum for expert practitioners to meet and share best practice, a key aim of the series is to close the gap between research and practice, establishing a feedback loop to communicate the needs of practitioners to those working in university research.
Presentation from NORTHMOST - a new biannual series of meetings on the topic of mathematical modelling in transport.
Hosted at its.leeds.ac.uk, NORTHMOST 01 focussed on academic research, to encourage networking and collaboration between academics interested in the methodological development of mathematical modelling applied to transport.
The focus of the meetings will alternate; NORTHMOST 02 - planned for Spring 2017 - will be led by practitioners who are modelling experts. Practitioners will give presentations, with academic researchers in the audience. In addition to giving a forum for expert practitioners to meet and share best practice, a key aim of the series is to close the gap between research and practice, establishing a feedback loop to communicate the needs of practitioners to those working in university research.
Presentation from NORTHMOST - a new biannual series of meetings on the topic of mathematical modelling in transport.
Hosted at its.leeds.ac.uk, NORTHMOST 01 focussed on academic research, to encourage networking and collaboration between academics interested in the methodological development of mathematical modelling applied to transport.
The focus of the meetings will alternate; NORTHMOST 02 - planned for Spring 2017 - will be led by practitioners who are modelling experts. Practitioners will give presentations, with academic researchers in the audience. In addition to giving a forum for expert practitioners to meet and share best practice, a key aim of the series is to close the gap between research and practice, establishing a feedback loop to communicate the needs of practitioners to those working in university research.
Presentation from NORTHMOST - a new biannual series of meetings on the topic of mathematical modelling in transport.
Hosted at its.leeds.ac.uk, NORTHMOST 01 focussed on academic research, to encourage networking and collaboration between academics interested in the methodological development of mathematical modelling applied to transport.
The focus of the meetings will alternate; NORTHMOST 02 - planned for Spring 2017 - will be led by practitioners who are modelling experts. Practitioners will give presentations, with academic researchers in the audience. In addition to giving a forum for expert practitioners to meet and share best practice, a key aim of the series is to close the gap between research and practice, establishing a feedback loop to communicate the needs of practitioners to those working in university research.
Presentation from NORTHMOST - a new biannual series of meetings on the topic of mathematical modelling in transport.
Hosted at its.leeds.ac.uk, NORTHMOST 01 focussed on academic research, to encourage networking and collaboration between academics interested in the methodological development of mathematical modelling applied to transport.
The focus of the meetings will alternate; NORTHMOST 02 - planned for Spring 2017 - will be led by practitioners who are modelling experts. Practitioners will give presentations, with academic researchers in the audience. In addition to giving a forum for expert practitioners to meet and share best practice, a key aim of the series is to close the gap between research and practice, establishing a feedback loop to communicate the needs of practitioners to those working in university research.
Presentation from NORTHMOST - a new biannual series of meetings on the topic of mathematical modelling in transport.
Hosted at its.leeds.ac.uk, NORTHMOST 01 focussed on academic research, to encourage networking and collaboration between academics interested in the methodological development of mathematical modelling applied to transport.
The focus of the meetings will alternate; NORTHMOST 02 - planned for Spring 2017 - will be led by practitioners who are modelling experts. Practitioners will give presentations, with academic researchers in the audience. In addition to giving a forum for expert practitioners to meet and share best practice, a key aim of the series is to close the gap between research and practice, establishing a feedback loop to communicate the needs of practitioners to those working in university research.
More from Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) (20)
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedes’ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
Learn what "PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual" means for your Mercedes-Benz. This message indicates a malfunction in the parking assistance system, potentially due to sensor issues or electrical faults. Prompt attention is crucial to ensure safety and functionality. Follow steps outlined for diagnosis and repair in the owner's manual.
What Exactly Is The Common Rail Direct Injection System & How Does It WorkMotor Cars International
Learn about Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) - the revolutionary technology that has made diesel engines more efficient. Explore its workings, advantages like enhanced fuel efficiency and increased power output, along with drawbacks such as complexity and higher initial cost. Compare CRDi with traditional diesel engines and discover why it's the preferred choice for modern engines.
Core technology of Hyundai Motor Group's EV platform 'E-GMP'Hyundai Motor Group
What’s the force behind Hyundai Motor Group's EV performance and quality?
Maximized driving performance and quick charging time through high-density battery pack and fast charging technology and applicable to various vehicle types!
Discover more about Hyundai Motor Group’s EV platform ‘E-GMP’!
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
What Does the Active Steering Malfunction Warning Mean for Your BMWTanner Motors
Discover the reasons why your BMW’s Active Steering malfunction warning might come on. From electrical glitches to mechanical failures and software anomalies, addressing these promptly with professional inspection and maintenance ensures continued safety and performance on the road, maintaining the integrity of your driving experience.
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
5 Warning Signs Your BMW's Intelligent Battery Sensor Needs AttentionBertini's German Motors
IBS monitors and manages your BMW’s battery performance. If it malfunctions, you will have to deal with an array of electrical issues in your vehicle. Recognize warning signs like dimming headlights, frequent battery replacements, and electrical malfunctions to address potential IBS issues promptly.
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
Mobility and Energy Futures Series - Self Driving Cars
1. Mobility & Energy Futures Series
Energy
Leeds
SELF-DRIVING CARS
WILLTHEYREDUCEENERGYUSE?
2. Since Google’s demonstration of the driverless car in 2012, it
has attracted large interest from the media and the public, as
well as from the transport academics. Self-driving, driverless or
fully automated autonomous vehicles are often expected to solve
transport’s energy use and carbon emissions related problems.
Widespread adoption of self-driving can reduce energy consumption through various
mechanisms, such as:
• Traffic flow can be streamlined and optimized for fuel consumption with automated vehicles
connected to the network;
• On motorways, automated vehicles can drive very close to each other, creating platoons,
thus reducing aerodynamic drag at high speed and fuel consumption;
• The automated vehicles can be programmed to run on an eco-driving mode (driving
practices that can reduce fuel consumption);
• At very high level of penetration, automated vehicles can be light-weighted as crash risks fall
dramatically (currently, nearly 90% of traffic fatalities are attributed to human errors);
All of these mechanisms improves ‘fuel efficiency’ of individual (self-driven) vehicles, and
received attention from the media and grey literature as potential energy and carbon benefits.
However, there are other such mechanisms that affect the energy efficiency, but the direction
could be either positive or negative:
• Higher speed limits resulting from increased safety (increases consumption);
• Right-sizing of vehicles made possible by self-driving shared-cars (decreases consumption);
• Lower engine performance requirements for automated driving (decreases consumption).
Yet there is another aspect of vehicle automation with large energy and carbon implications
that has not received much attention. From an energy and carbon emissions perspective, it
is the ‘total’ energy or ‘total’ carbon emissions (from the transport sector) that is of prime
concern, which can be simply expressed as:
Energy Use = Energy Efficiency of Travel × Travel Demand
While improved energy efficiency (assuming the net effect of above seven mechanisms is
still beneficial) goes some way to reducing energy use from transport sector, the other half
of the equation, travel demand is often missing in the debate about energy effects of vehicle
automation. Yet vehicle automation is also likely to make a radical change to the way people
would travel in future.
Take, for example, the potential for modal switch back to cars. During travelling, people
generally prefer the privacy and convenience of car, but also appreciate the driving-free
experience of public transport, especially since this time not driving can now be used in
a productive manner due to the progress in information and communication technologies.
Self-driving cars can combine these benefits by allowing hands-free, productive use of time
in cars, making them relatively more attractive to the public transport modes. In transport
modelling terminology, the value of time ‘wasted’ during driving/travelling is one of the major
determinants of the choice of different transport modes and this value of time could be
lowered substantially in a driverless car. This could substantially disrupt the perceived costs
of travel could encourage a more car-centric life pattern, while people decide to live further
from work. Research showed that car current modal share enjoyed by rail (and buses) in the
UK in favour to personal self-driving car. The lower travel and concomitant energy use and
carbon emissions, could increase by 5% from mid-level automation to up to 60% for a high
penetration of self-driving cars in the USA.*
Self driving cars could also encourage a completely new demographic group to own cars, e.g.
the disabled and the elderly, and potentially those too young to drive now, as well. Whilst
potentially important in advancing social inclusion, increased vehicle ownership and use would
inevitably lead to increased energy use and carbon emissions. These new user groups could
increase the energy consumption from personal vehicle fleet by 2% to 10% in the USA.* With
the population growing older, such an increase is possible in the UK as well.
The energy
efficiency benefits
of automation
But will automation
lead to additional
demand for travel?
3. Figure 1:
Impacts of automation
on energy use*
What would be the
net effect?
What would the
impacts of a shift in
how we own cars be?
One aspect related to travel demand that has received some attention in the UK is the move
away from individual car ownership toward new models of mobility services such as car-sharing
or on-demand service facilitated by driverless cars. The net energy impacts of such on-demand
services are still uncertain: total car travel and energy consumption should decrease as the
variable out-of-pocket costs per mile becomes more visible to the traveller, yet this reduction
could be neutralized by an increase in car travel, as the driverless shared-cars or taxis travel
empty shuttling from one passenger to another.*
Research done at the University of Leeds in collaboration with the University of Washington
and Oak Ridge National Laboratory bounds the potential ranges of energy impacts of self-
driving cars in the US through the energy efficiency and travel demand mechanisms mentioned
above, and are reproduced in Fig. 1. While the numbers may differ, the general direction of the
effects are expected to be similar in the UK, too.
The key messages are:
• Automation can result in substantial reduction in energy demand, but this reduction is not
a direct consequence of automation per se, rather due to changes in vehicle design, vehicle
operations, transport system optimization facilitated by vehicle automation.
• Some of the reductions in energy demand could be brought about by a higher degree of
connectivity, even at a lower level of automation than self-driving cars. Yet, for fully self-
driving cars, there is a substantial risk of increased travel and energy demand. Thus,
stopping short of fully self-driving cars may be more beneficial from an energy perspective.
• There are large uncertainties in the quantification of net energy effects of self-driving cars.
Therefore it is vital that the various mechanisms discussed here are aligned in the correct
directions through appropriate policies in order to reap full energy and carbon benefits of
automation.
Zia Wadud
Centre for Intergrated Energy Research
*Figure.1 and this briefing draws from Wadud Z, MacKenzie D and Leiby P (forthcoming)
Help or hindrance? The travel, energy and carbon impacts of highly automated vehicles,
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
-60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60%
Platooning
Eco-driving
Congestion mitigation
Lower performance
Improved crash avoidance
Vehicle right-sizing
Higher highway speeds
Increased features
Travel cost reduction
New user groups
Shared mobility services
% changes in road transport energy consumption due to vehicle automation
4. University ofLeeds
Leeds, United Kingdom
LS2 9JT
Tel. 0113 243 1751
www.leeds.ac.uk
Energy Leeds
University of Leeds
Leeds, LS2 9JT
Tel: +44(0) 113 343 4609
Email: energy@leeds.ac.uk
www.energy.leeds.ac.uk
Front cover photo courtesy of Volvo
Mobility Energy Futures Series
Transport consumes a fifth of global energy and has a near-exclusive reliance on petroleum. As such it has an important role to play in
the Energy Trilemma of reducing energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emission, creating an energy system built on
secure supplies and developing the system in ways which are affordable.
Addressing the Energy Trilemma in the transport and mobility sector is especially challenging due to the continued growth in demand
for the movement of goods and people, the technical, regulatory and social challenges of moving away from an oil based system of
mobility and a complex and fragmented set of stakeholders required to work together to deliver change.
Drawing on the expertise and opinions of the University of Leeds academics from different disciplines, this series will highlight the
drivers, gaps and opportunities in reducing the energy consumption and carbon emissions from the transport sector in future. This is
the inaugurating briefing in the series.
Editors:
Zia Wadud
Centre for Integrated Energy Research
Email: Z.Wadud@leeds.ac.uk
Tel: +44 (0)113 343 7733
Greg Marsden
Institute for Transport Studies
Email: G.R.Marsden@its.leeds.ac.uk
Tel: +44 (0)113 343 5358