Get an overview of the current market of mobile operating systems. Learn about current market shares, the major players and some key topics of each system. Contents: * Mobile Phones: Market Share and Operating Systems * Symbian Foundation / Symbian OS * Android * Mac OS X (iPhone) * Others (Windows Mobile, BlackBerry, Palm, Linux) * Cross-platform: Java ME * Future

1. Mobile Operating Systems Is it a PC? 1 Andreas Jakl, 2009 v1.0 – 23 April 2009

2. Contents Mobile Phones: Market Share and Operating Systems Symbian OS Android Mac OS X (iPhone) Others (Windows Mobile, BlackBerry, Palm, Linux) Cross-platform: Java ME Future Outlook and predictions Andreas Jakl, 2009 2

3. About me: Andreas Jakl Assistant Professor at the Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences, Campus Hagenberg since 2006 Specialized on: Symbian OS Qt Java ME Mobile Linux (Maemo) (Android) Andreas Jakl, 2009 3

4. About me: Andreas Jakl Experience: Forum Nokia Champion (2007, 2008, 2009) Founded company “Mopius” in 2004 Internship, Master‘s Thesis and summer jobs at Siemens / BenQ Mobile (Munich, R&D) Studied Bachelor & Master of Digital Media in Hagenberg / Austria (2001 – 06) Contact: andreas.jakl@fh-hagenberg.at Andreas Jakl, 2009 4

5. Android & iPhone? Andreas Jakl, 2009 5

6. Worldwide Market Share 2008 Andreas Jakl, 2009 6 Total: 1.21 billion handsets(1210000000) Source: ABI Researchhttp://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/news/index.cfm?newsid=110260

7. Smartphones? Typicaldifferencestofeaturephones: Traditionally more features, more software pre-installed Install own native applications Andreas Jakl, 2009 7 Nokia N97

8. Worldwide Smartphone Sales, 2008 Andreas Jakl, 2009 8 Source: Gartnerhttp://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=910112

9. Smartphone Operating Systems, 2008 Andreas Jakl, 2009 9 Source: Gartnerhttp://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=910112

10. Mobile Requirements Limited resources CPU: 220 – 370 MHz (ARM 9/ARM 11), 64-128 MB Ram No hard disc Therefore no virtual (= “unlimited”) memory Power management Battery life, data safety in case of power loss is an issue Compact Not much room for UI and the application itself Reuse of common components important Reliability Phone functionality always highest priority “Always on” Andreas Jakl, 2009 10 Nokia 5800XPressMusic Sony EricssonIdou Nokia E71 Nokia E90

11. Symbian Foundation Now Open Source! Andreas Jakl, 2009 11

13. History 1984: Psion Organizer8 Bit processor, 14x9cm, 2K RAM, 4K ROM, 8K datapak, 6 months battery life! 1986: Organizer IIThe world’s first proper PDA 1991: Psion Series 3 Sibo OS, 1.5+ million units sold Andreas Jakl, 2009 13 Psion Organizer II. Source: mobile2day.de

14. History 1997: Psion Series 5 (EPOC 32 bit multitasking OS) 1998: Symbian Ltd. is founded 2000: First Symbian OS phone: Ericsson R380 Andreas Jakl, 2009 14 Psion Series 5. Source: mobile2day.de Ericsson R380

15. History 2001: First 2.5G phone: Nokia 7650 2006: Nokia N95 2008: Symbian Foundation Andreas Jakl, 2009 15 Nokia N95 Nokia 7650

16. UI Platforms: S60 Unified UI platform based on S60 Official UI platform of Symbian Foundation Former name: Series 60 Touchscreen support with S60 5th Edition 5800 XpressMusic, N97, etc. Andreas Jakl, 2009 16 Nokia N97

17. Nokia UI Platforms: Series 40 Nokia Series 40 / 30 / 20 No Symbian OS For feature phones(!= smart phones) No C++ development possible Andreas Jakl, 2009 17 Nokia 6600 Slide

18. Samsung i8910 (Omnia HD) 3.7“ capacitivetouchscreen AMOLED (640x360, 16 millioncolors) Connectivity A-GPS, WLAN, UMTS, HSDPA 8 MPixelcamera Face detection, smileshot, panorama, etc. HD Video recording 720p Multimedia RDS Radio, FM transmitter, 3.5 mm audio MPEG4, DivX, H.263, H.264, etc. Hardware 600 MHz, 3D graphicsacceleration Acceleration-, light-, proximitysensor, compass Andreas Jakl, 2009 18

19. Symbian OS: Development Andreas Jakl, 2009 19 Java ME Python .net Basic Perl Apache / PHP / MySQL Flash Lite Silverlight (soon) Widgets (Web Runtime) Ruby S60(C++) Symbian OS

20. Widgets Web sites often not suitable for small screens Widgets are “local websites” on the device Rendered using browser Fetch web data using AJAX (Web 2.0) Look & feel like native applications But: easy development with HTML & JavaScript Andreas Jakl, 2009 20

21. Ovi Internet services by Nokia Store (Applications) Navigation (Maps) Media Sharing Messaging Games (N-Gage) Music store Contacts, Calendar, File access Andreas Jakl, 2009 21

22. Google Android Open Handset Alliance Andreas Jakl, 2009 22

23. Smartphone OS: Google Android Developed by the Open Handset Alliance Based on Linux Free licensing Only G1 (HTC) in the market now Sony Ericsson, Motorola, LG, Samsung, etc. Interest of Google? Mobile advertising User data (Google account required) http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/ Andreas Jakl, 2009 23

24. Android: Development Development: Based on Java (Eclipse-Plugin) Emulator simulates ARM-CPU of phone Own Virtual Machine by Google (Dalvik) Linux not accessible for the user Why a Linux Kernel? Hardware abstraction, driver model,security, memory & process management, networking Andreas Jakl, 2009 24

25. Replacing & Reusing Components Client component makes a request for a specific action “Pick a picture”  request is called “Intent” System picks best component for that action Built-in Pictures application Can be replaced with another application New components can use existing functionality Andreas Jakl, 2009 25 Home Share on Ovi Pick a picture Contacts Pictures Your app.

26. Android Market Register with Google account $25 registration fee Payment? Free: no fee Otherwise: 30% go to Google Rather open, but apps can be removed “that are not meeting acceptable standards, as determined by Google” http://market.android.com/publish Andreas Jakl, 2009 26

27. Mac OS X Apple iPhone Andreas Jakl, 2009 27

28. Smartphone OS: Mac OS X (iPhone) Based on OS X 10.5 (Leopard) Proprietary Unix-system by Apple Devices: iPhone (3G) + iPod Touch Development: Requires latest Mac iTunes for Sync ObjectiveC Developer Certificate Andreas Jakl, 2009 28

29. iPhone Performance Mobile platforms: tricks required for impression of speed Application startup: animates a screenshot Gives application time to load User doesn’t notice it! Andreas Jakl, 2009 29 Tap application Default.png is zoomed Application is loaded Last image is zoomed Menu is visible again

30. iPhoneAppStore Central platform to sell iPhone applications Business model: 30% of income goes to Apple. Content controlled by Apple Developer expenses: 99$ for dev program + a Mac (from 600€) Easy Success? Only 1% of apps (~300) make profit 5% sell good enough to pay development Andreas Jakl, 2009 30 http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/App_Store http://www.apple.com/iphone/appstore/

31. Other Platforms There’s more! Andreas Jakl, 2009 31

32. Smartphone OS: Windows Mobile Based on Windows CE Windows variant for embedded devices First for Pocket PCs (PDA) Telephony integrated later Windows Mobile Variant of Windows CE Current version: 6.5 Andreas Jakl, 2009 32 Sony Ericsson Xperia X1

33. Windows Mobile: Development Often used for industrial or business applications Three development options: Win32-API Windows API in C Native interface to the operating system MFC-API C/C++, Object-oriented Extension of the Win32-API .NET Compact Framework Subset of the .NET Framework on the desktop Most convenient way but application execution is slower than with other APIs Andreas Jakl, 2009 33 Windows Mobile 6.5

34. Smartphone (OS): RIM / Blackberry Main focus: push email RIM provides backend services Easy integration for companies Remote management of devices Smartphone? Only allows Java ME development for 3rd parties Extensions for web services etc. Andreas Jakl, 2009 34

35. Smartphone OS: Palm OS / WebOS Founded in 1991 Own operating system (Palm OS) Has been very popular On the decline in the last few years Palm even released some Windows Mobile devices Andreas Jakl, 2009 35

36. Palm webOS – Resurrection? webOS Built on web technology Application development with HTML, JavaScript, CSS Mojo: JavaScript framework, access to UI, APIs and services Multitasking support First device Palm Pre (H1 2009) High hopes, enthusiastic previews Andreas Jakl, 2009 36 webOS Palm Pre

37. Mobile Linux Openmoko Two free, open source Linux smartphones: Neo 1973 Freerunner However: not successful Latest headlines (April ’09): Openmoko cancels development of 3rd phone Andreas Jakl, 2009 37 OpenmokoFreerunner

38. LiMo Foundation Linux-based software platform Completely open (unlike Android) Founded: January 2007 Only middleware OS (no UI or content) Main market: Asia http://www.limofoundation.org/ Andreas Jakl, 2009 38 Current handset manufacturers(with released /announced phones)

39. Japanese Market Andreas Jakl, 2009 39 FOMA D702iBCL FOMA F903i FOMA Raku-RakuSimple FOMA F904i FOMA F704i FOMA D703i Features include: Mobile TV, contactless payment and access, fingerprint authentication, waterproof, scented phones, touchscreen-keypads, GPS, “simple” phones, eBooks, barcodes, text-to-speech / speech-to-text  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xQVnny0LSg

40. Cross-Platform Development Only solution for cross-platform development: Java Platform, Micro Edition(Java ME, formerly J2ME) Small subset of Java SE (desktop) plusmany specific extensions (JSRs) 2.6 Billion Java-enabled phones(8 out of 10 shipped in 2008) Also used for Blu-Ray and Amazon Kindle 2 Andreas Jakl, 2009 40

41. Java ME Main problem: Fragmentation Optional APIs defined in JSRs Bluetooth Location Mobile 3D Vector graphics Mobile Media File access etc. Attempts to solve fragmentation progressing slowly Mobile Service Architecture MIDP 3.0 Andreas Jakl, 2009 41 Nokia N86 8MP

42. JavaFX JavaFX(http://javafx.com) New UI libraries (graphics, media, web services) Consistent experience across mobile, desktop, browser, TV, etc Plus: use any Java library in JavaFX Integrated with Java Runtime JavaFX Script Simple declarative language, easier to learn e.g., for artists to change sprite animation, without needing software developer Advantage to JavaScript / ActionScript: integration with Java – reuse any Java library Andreas Jakl, 2009 42

43. JavaFX Mobile Runs on Java ME (plus Android) Mobile content with same tools as Java FX Availability? JavaFX Mobile Runtime needs to be pre-installed on the phone No phones released yet Currently endorsed by: SonyEricsson, LG Andreas Jakl, 2009 43

44. The Future Andreas Jakl, 2009 44

45. The Crystal Ball Nokia Also affected by crisis Focus shift from devices to services High potential with upcoming product portfolio Strong in emerging markets and with new technologies (NFC) Motorola Loss since RAZR No compelling new products in line-up, technologically behind Sony Ericsson Good products for mid-range, but not profitable Rumours of split (and no Playstation brand) Samsung Technologically good products, growing Uses all available phone platforms LG Solid products, nothing spectacular Growing without anyone noticing them Apple Only targets high end users, mass market not interesting for Apple -> how long until stagnation? Much depends on next product. iPhoneNano? Andreas Jakl, 2009 45

46. The Crystal Ball [2] Android Modern concept and OS Still slow to grow, no phones at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona Target group of Android? Only tech-savy young persons? We’ll know more by the end of this year with devices from Sony Ericsson and Motorola Symbian High commitment visible at Mobile World Congress Will grow strong for mid-range devices Windows Mobile Not much happened lately Everyone waiting for Windows Mobile 7  will it be able to compete against iPhone? Java ME Currently looses traction But still only way for cross-platform Java FX How will it be received by phone manufacturers? Maybe not too many interested anymore Andreas Jakl, 2009 46

47. Nokia: Maemo5 Next generation devices Finger-optimized interface Linux-based Fully open source New OMAP 3 core OpenGL ES 2.0 Qt Kinetic (animation) http://www.maemo.org/ Andreas Jakl, 2009 47 Nokia N810 Maemo 5

48. Cross-Platform: Qt Andreas Jakl, 2009 48 Windows Mac OS Linux / X11 Windows CE Embedded Linux S60 C++ Java Python Ada Pascal Perl PHP Maintained by Qt open source community. Not officially supported by Qt Software.

49. Qt Architecture Andreas Jakl, 2009 49 windowsvista plastique macintosh

50. Developing Countries Massive uptake of mobile phones Only way to access internet Enormously successful new services Andreas Jakl, 2009 50 NFC for pension payment in India millions http://www.unfoundation.org/global-issues/technology/mobile-health-for-development.html

51. Specific Target Groups Andreas Jakl, 2009 51

52. Near Field Communication Andreas Jakl, 2009 52

53. FH Hagenberg – Mobile Computing Profound and up-to-date knowledge: Mobile software development (iPhone, Android, Windows Mobile, Symbian OS) Mobile communication (GSM, UMTS, Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc.) Navigation Electronics, displays, etc. Mobile business, entertainment, sports, health Social skills and management Andreas Jakl, 2009 53

54. symbianresources.com Provides for free: Student projects Course slides: Symbian OS, Java ME, Qt Tutorials White Papers Andreas Jakl, 2009 54

55. Thanks for your attention. That’s it. Andreas Jakl, 2009 55