The document discusses various mobile operating systems, including Symbian OS, Android, Mac OS X for iPhone, Windows Mobile, and others, alongside their market share and development histories. It highlights the differences between smartphones and feature phones, outlines the evolution of platforms, and addresses future predictions for these technologies. Additionally, it emphasizes cross-platform development through Java ME and the challenges faced by different operating systems in maintaining relevance in a rapidly changing market.

1. Mobile Operating SystemsIs it a PC?1Andreas Jakl, 2009v1.0 – 23 April 2009

2. ContentsMobile Phones: Market Share and Operating SystemsSymbian OSAndroidMac OS X (iPhone)Others (Windows Mobile, BlackBerry, Palm, Linux)Cross-platform: Java MEFutureOutlook and predictionsAndreas Jakl, 20092

3. About me: Andreas JaklAssistant Professor at the Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences, Campus Hagenberg since 2006Specialized on:Symbian OSQtJava MEMobile Linux (Maemo)(Android)Andreas Jakl, 20093

4. About me: Andreas JaklExperience:Forum Nokia Champion (2007, 2008, 2009)Founded company “Mopius” in 2004Internship, Master‘s Thesis and summer jobs at Siemens / BenQ Mobile (Munich, R&D)Studied Bachelor & Master of Digital Media in Hagenberg / Austria (2001 – 06)Contact:andreas.jakl@fh-hagenberg.atAndreas Jakl, 20094

5. Android & iPhone?Andreas Jakl, 20095

6. Worldwide Market Share 2008Andreas Jakl, 20096Total: 1.21 billion handsets(1210000000)Source: ABI Researchhttp://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/news/index.cfm?newsid=110260

7. Smartphones?Typicaldifferencestofeaturephones:Traditionally more features, more software pre-installedInstall own native applicationsAndreas Jakl, 20097Nokia N97

8. Worldwide Smartphone Sales, 2008Andreas Jakl, 20098Source: Gartnerhttp://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=910112

9. Smartphone Operating Systems, 2008Andreas Jakl, 20099Source: Gartnerhttp://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=910112

10. Mobile RequirementsLimited resourcesCPU: 220 – 370 MHz (ARM 9/ARM 11), 64-128 MB RamNo hard discTherefore no virtual (= “unlimited”) memoryPower managementBattery life, data safety in case of power loss is an issueCompactNot much room for UI and the application itselfReuse of common components importantReliabilityPhone functionality always highest priority“Always on”Andreas Jakl, 200910Nokia 5800XPressMusicSony EricssonIdouNokia E71Nokia E90

11. Symbian FoundationNow Open Source!Andreas Jakl, 200911

12. Smartphone OS: SymbianOS designed for mobile environmentNow owned by Symbian Foundation (UK)Will turn Symbian OS open sourceFree license for phone manufacturersNokia, Sony Ericsson, Samsung, LG, Sharp, etc.Timeline:Foundation start: H1 2009First unified platform release: 2009First handsets: 2010http://www.symbian.org/Andreas Jakl, 200912

13. History1984: Psion Organizer8 Bit processor, 14x9cm, 2K RAM, 4K ROM, 8K datapak, 6 months battery life!1986: Organizer IIThe world’s first proper PDA1991: Psion Series 3 Sibo OS, 1.5+ million units soldAndreas Jakl, 200913Psion Organizer II. Source: mobile2day.de

14. History1997: Psion Series 5 (EPOC 32 bit multitasking OS)1998: Symbian Ltd. is founded2000: First Symbian OS phone: Ericsson R380Andreas Jakl, 200914Psion Series 5. Source: mobile2day.deEricsson R380

15. History2001: First 2.5G phone: Nokia 76502006: Nokia N952008: Symbian FoundationAndreas Jakl, 200915Nokia N95Nokia 7650

16. UI Platforms: S60Unified UI platform based on S60Official UI platform of Symbian FoundationFormer name: Series 60Touchscreen support with S60 5th Edition5800 XpressMusic, N97, etc.Andreas Jakl, 200916Nokia N97

17. Nokia UI Platforms: Series 40Nokia Series 40 / 30 / 20No Symbian OSFor feature phones(!= smart phones)No C++ development possibleAndreas Jakl, 200917Nokia 6600 Slide

18. Samsung i8910 (Omnia HD)3.7“ capacitivetouchscreenAMOLED (640x360, 16 millioncolors)ConnectivityA-GPS, WLAN, UMTS, HSDPA8 MPixelcameraFace detection, smileshot, panorama, etc.HD Video recording 720pMultimediaRDS Radio, FM transmitter, 3.5 mm audioMPEG4, DivX, H.263, H.264, etc.Hardware600 MHz, 3D graphicsaccelerationAcceleration-, light-, proximitysensor, compassAndreas Jakl, 200918

19. Symbian OS: DevelopmentAndreas Jakl, 200919Java MEPython.netBasicPerlApache / PHP / MySQLFlash LiteSilverlight (soon)Widgets (Web Runtime)RubyS60(C++)Symbian OS

20. WidgetsWeb sites often not suitable for small screensWidgets are “local websites” on the deviceRendered using browserFetch web data using AJAX (Web 2.0)Look & feel like native applicationsBut: easy development with HTML & JavaScriptAndreas Jakl, 200920

21. OviInternet services by NokiaStore (Applications)Navigation (Maps)Media SharingMessagingGames (N-Gage)Music storeContacts, Calendar, File accessAndreas Jakl, 200921

22. Google AndroidOpen Handset AllianceAndreas Jakl, 200922

23. Smartphone OS: Google AndroidDeveloped by the Open Handset AllianceBased on LinuxFree licensingOnly G1 (HTC) in the market nowSony Ericsson, Motorola, LG, Samsung, etc.Interest of Google?Mobile advertisingUser data (Google account required)http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/Andreas Jakl, 200923

24. Android: DevelopmentDevelopment:Based on Java (Eclipse-Plugin)Emulator simulates ARM-CPU of phoneOwn Virtual Machine by Google (Dalvik)Linux not accessible for the userWhy a Linux Kernel?Hardware abstraction, driver model,security, memory & process management, networkingAndreas Jakl, 200924

25. Replacing & Reusing ComponentsClient component makes a request for a specific action“Pick a picture”  request is called “Intent”System picks best component for that actionBuilt-in Pictures applicationCan be replaced with another applicationNew components can use existing functionalityAndreas Jakl, 200925HomeShare on OviPick a pictureContactsPicturesYour app.

26. Android MarketRegister with Google account$25 registration feePayment?Free: no feeOtherwise: 30% go to GoogleRather open, but apps can be removed “that are not meeting acceptable standards, as determined by Google”http://market.android.com/publishAndreas Jakl, 200926

27. Mac OS XApple iPhoneAndreas Jakl, 200927

28. Smartphone OS: Mac OS X (iPhone)Based on OS X 10.5 (Leopard)Proprietary Unix-system by AppleDevices: iPhone (3G) + iPod TouchDevelopment:Requires latest MaciTunes for SyncObjectiveCDeveloper CertificateAndreas Jakl, 200928

29. iPhone PerformanceMobile platforms: tricks required for impression of speedApplication startup: animates a screenshotGives application time to loadUser doesn’t notice it!Andreas Jakl, 200929Tap applicationDefault.png is zoomedApplication is loadedLast image is zoomedMenu is visible again

30. iPhoneAppStoreCentral platform to sell iPhone applicationsBusiness model: 30% of income goes to Apple.Content controlled by AppleDeveloper expenses: 99$ for dev program + a Mac (from 600€)Easy Success?Only 1% of apps (~300) make profit5% sell good enough to pay developmentAndreas Jakl, 200930http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/App_Storehttp://www.apple.com/iphone/appstore/

31. Other PlatformsThere’s more!Andreas Jakl, 200931

32. Smartphone OS: Windows MobileBased on Windows CEWindows variant for embedded devicesFirst for Pocket PCs (PDA)Telephony integrated laterWindows MobileVariant of Windows CECurrent version: 6.5Andreas Jakl, 200932Sony Ericsson Xperia X1

33. Windows Mobile: DevelopmentOften used for industrial or business applicationsThree development options:Win32-APIWindows API in CNative interface to the operating systemMFC-APIC/C++, Object-orientedExtension of the Win32-API.NET Compact FrameworkSubset of the .NET Framework on the desktopMost convenient way but application execution is slower than with other APIsAndreas Jakl, 200933Windows Mobile 6.5

34. Smartphone (OS): RIM / BlackberryMain focus: push emailRIM provides backend servicesEasy integration for companiesRemote management of devicesSmartphone?Only allows Java ME development for 3rd partiesExtensions for web services etc.Andreas Jakl, 200934

35. Smartphone OS: Palm OS / WebOSFounded in 1991Own operating system (Palm OS)Has been very popularOn the decline in the last few yearsPalm even released some Windows Mobile devicesAndreas Jakl, 200935

36. Palm webOS – Resurrection? webOSBuilt on web technologyApplication development with HTML, JavaScript, CSSMojo: JavaScript framework, access to UI, APIs and servicesMultitasking supportFirst devicePalm Pre (H1 2009)High hopes, enthusiastic previewsAndreas Jakl, 200936webOSPalm Pre

37. Mobile LinuxOpenmokoTwo free, open source Linux smartphones:Neo 1973FreerunnerHowever: not successfulLatest headlines (April ’09):Openmoko cancels development of 3rd phoneAndreas Jakl, 200937OpenmokoFreerunner

38. LiMo FoundationLinux-based software platformCompletely open (unlike Android)Founded: January 2007Only middleware OS (no UI or content)Main market: Asiahttp://www.limofoundation.org/Andreas Jakl, 200938Currenthandsetmanufacturers(with released /announced phones)

39. Japanese MarketAndreas Jakl, 200939FOMA D702iBCL FOMA F903iFOMA Raku-RakuSimpleFOMA F904iFOMA F704iFOMA D703iFeatures include: Mobile TV, contactless payment and access, fingerprint authentication, waterproof, scented phones, touchscreen-keypads, GPS, “simple” phones, eBooks, barcodes, text-to-speech / speech-to-text  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xQVnny0LSg

40. Cross-Platform DevelopmentOnly solution for cross-platform development:Java Platform, Micro Edition(Java ME, formerly J2ME)Small subset of Java SE (desktop) plusmany specific extensions (JSRs)2.6 Billion Java-enabled phones(8 out of 10 shipped in 2008)Also used for Blu-Ray and Amazon Kindle 2Andreas Jakl, 200940

41. Java MEMain problem: FragmentationOptional APIs defined in JSRsBluetoothLocationMobile 3DVector graphicsMobile MediaFile accessetc.Attempts to solve fragmentation progressing slowlyMobile Service ArchitectureMIDP 3.0Andreas Jakl, 200941Nokia N86 8MP

42. JavaFXJavaFX(http://javafx.com)New UI libraries (graphics, media, web services)Consistent experience across mobile, desktop, browser, TV, etcPlus: use any Java library in JavaFXIntegrated with Java RuntimeJavaFX ScriptSimple declarative language, easier to learne.g., for artists to change sprite animation, without needing software developerAdvantage to JavaScript / ActionScript: integration with Java – reuse any Java libraryAndreas Jakl, 200942

43. JavaFX MobileRuns on Java ME (plus Android)Mobile content with same tools as Java FXAvailability?JavaFX Mobile Runtime needs to be pre-installed on the phoneNo phones released yetCurrently endorsed by: SonyEricsson, LGAndreas Jakl, 200943

44. The FutureAndreas Jakl, 200944

45. The Crystal BallNokiaAlso affected by crisisFocus shift from devices to servicesHigh potential with upcoming product portfolioStrong in emerging markets and with new technologies (NFC)MotorolaLoss since RAZRNo compelling new products in line-up, technologically behindSony EricssonGood products for mid-range, but not profitableRumours of split (and no Playstation brand)SamsungTechnologically good products, growingUses all available phone platformsLGSolid products, nothing spectacularGrowing without anyone noticing themAppleOnly targets high end users, mass market not interesting for Apple -> how long until stagnation?Much depends on next product. iPhoneNano?Andreas Jakl, 200945

46. The Crystal Ball [2]AndroidModern concept and OSStill slow to grow, no phones at Mobile World Congress in BarcelonaTarget group of Android? Only tech-savy young persons?We’ll know more by the end of this year with devices from Sony Ericsson and MotorolaSymbianHigh commitment visible at Mobile World CongressWill grow strong for mid-range devicesWindows MobileNot much happened latelyEveryone waiting for Windows Mobile 7  will it be able to compete against iPhone?Java MECurrently looses tractionBut still only way for cross-platformJava FXHow will it be received by phone manufacturers?Maybe not too many interested anymoreAndreas Jakl, 200946

47. Nokia: Maemo5Next generation devicesFinger-optimized interfaceLinux-basedFully open sourceNew OMAP 3 coreOpenGL ES 2.0Qt Kinetic (animation)http://www.maemo.org/Andreas Jakl, 200947Nokia N810Maemo 5

48. Cross-Platform: QtAndreas Jakl, 200948WindowsMac OSLinux / X11Windows CEEmbedded LinuxS60C++JavaPythonAdaPascalPerlPHP Maintained by Qt open source community.Not officially supported by Qt Software.

49. Qt ArchitectureAndreas Jakl, 200949windowsvistaplastiquemacintosh

50. Developing CountriesMassive uptake of mobile phonesOnly way to access internetEnormously successful new servicesAndreas Jakl, 200950NFC for pension payment in Indiamillionshttp://www.unfoundation.org/global-issues/technology/mobile-health-for-development.html

51. Specific Target GroupsAndreas Jakl, 200951

52. Near Field CommunicationAndreas Jakl, 200952

53. FH Hagenberg – Mobile ComputingProfound and up-to-date knowledge:Mobile software development (iPhone, Android, Windows Mobile, Symbian OS)Mobile communication (GSM, UMTS, Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc.)NavigationElectronics, displays, etc.Mobile business, entertainment, sports, healthSocial skills and managementAndreas Jakl, 200953

54. symbianresources.comProvides for free:Student projectsCourse slides: Symbian OS, Java ME, QtTutorialsWhite PapersAndreas Jakl, 200954

55. Thanks for your attention.That’s it.Andreas Jakl, 200955