Dr. Martin Cooper of Motorola invented the first modern portable handset and made the first cell phone call in 1973. By 1977, Motorola had incorporated the technology into a portable device designed for use outside of vehicles. The first commercial cellular telephone system launched in Tokyo in 1979. In the 1990s, second generation networks using GSM technology emerged, with the first being launched in Finland in 1991. One of the first smartphones, the IBM Simon, was introduced in 1993 - it was a mobile phone, pager, fax machine and PDA with various productivity and communication features included. The first pre-commercial 3G network launched in Tokyo in 2001.