Mixing Pleasure With Work: Employee Perceptions of and Responses to Workplace Romance
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This study examined organizational members‘ perceptions of and responses to workplace romance. In this 2 x 4 experimental design, 212 working adults reported their beliefs and communication-related responses to a hypothetical male or female co-worker dating an organizational peer, superior, subordinate, or individual unaffiliated with the organization. Employees perceived peers dating superiors to be more driven by job motives, less driven by love motives, and more likely to receive unfair advantages due to their romance than peers dating individuals of other status types. Employees also reported a higher likelihood of engaging in information manipulation with and reported less trust in peers dating superiors than peers with romantic partners of other status types. Finally, job and love motives, perceptions of peers enjoying unfair advantages due to their romance, and peer trust mediated the relationships between the status of the organizational peer‘s partner and co-workers‘ self-disclosure and deception with the peer.
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Good managers often make unethical decisions-and don't even
know it.
How {Un)ethical Are
You?
by Mahzarin R. Banaji, Max H. Bazerman, and
Dolly Chugh
~
~
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~
r
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2
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-'«
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~
2
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<.J
Z
I
V>
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'"=>
Q.
8
r
~
V>
V>
W
Z
Vi
=>
'"Cl
'"
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«
r
~
19
f0
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<.J
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Answer true or false: "I am an ethical man
ager."
If you answered "true," here's an uncom
fortable fact: You're probably not. Most of us
believe that we are ethical and unbiased. We
imagine we're good decision makers, able to
objectively size up a job candidate or a venture
deal and reach a fair and rational conclusion
that's in our, and our organization's, best inter
ests. But more than two decades of research
confirms that, in reality, most of us fall woe
fully short of our inflated self-perception.
We're deluded by what Yale psychologist
David Armor calls the illusion of objectivity,
the notion that we're free of the very biases
we're so quick to recognize in others. What's
more, these unconscious, or implicit, biases
can be contrary to our consciously held, ex
plicit beliefs. We may believe with confidence
and conviction that a job candidate's race has
no bearing on our hiring decisions or that
we're immune to conflicts of interest. But psy
chological research routinely exposes counter
intentional, unconscious biases. The preva-
HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW· DECEMBER 2003
lence of these biases suggests that even the
most well-meaning person unwittingly allows
unconscious thoughts and feelings to influence
seemingly objective decisions. These flawed
judgments are ethically problematic and un
dermine managers' fundamental work-to re
cruit and retain superior talent, boost the per
formance of individuals and teams, and
collaborate effectively with partners.
This article explores four related sources of
unintentional unethical decision making: im
plicit forms of prejudice, bias that favors one's
own group, conflict of interest, and a tendency
to overclaim credit. Because we are not con
sciously aware of these sources of bias, they
often cannot be addressed by penalizing peo
ple for their bad decisions. Nor are they likely
to be corrected through conventional ethics
training. Rather, managers must bring a new
type of vigilance to bear. To begin, this re
quires letting go of the notion that our con
scious attitudes always represent what we
think they do. It also demands that we aban
don our faith in our own objectivity and our
PAGE 3
How (Un)ethical Are You?
Mahzarin R. Banaji is the Richard
Clarke Cabot Professor of Social Ethics
in the department of psychology at
Harvard University and the Carol K
Pforzheimer Professor at Harvard's Rad
cliffe Institute for Advanced Study in
Cambridge, Massachusetts. Max H.
Bazerman is the Jesse Isidor Straus
Professor of Business Administration at
Harvard Business School in Boston.
Dolly Chugh, a Harvard Business
School MBA, is now a doctoral candi
date in Harvard University's joint pro
gram in organizational behav.
Kuhtreiber Final Draft
This study investigated how physical attractiveness, social attractiveness, and self-esteem affect perceptions of desirability and reciprocity in online dating. 80 students viewed one of four fictional dating profiles that varied in physical and social attractiveness of the person depicted. Participants completed self-esteem and desirability/reciprocity measures. Results showed that profiles with high physical or social attractiveness were seen as more desirable. Profiles with both high physical and social attractiveness were seen as most desirable. Contrary to hypotheses, those with low self-esteem perceived higher reciprocity than those with high self-esteem. The study provides insight into how attributes affect perceptions in online dating.
New Way For Women Leaders
The document discusses different approaches to leadership and gender differences in leadership. It presents a "New Direction" of balanced leadership that combines both feminine and masculine characteristics effectively from a position of strength. Both men and women can be balanced leaders. While the characteristics of effective leaders are the same, women face attitudinal barriers such as beliefs that they are less capable or must choose between career and motherhood.
Power, tactics and politics
Power refers to the ability to influence others based on their dependence. Dependence increases when a resource is important, scarce, and non-substitutable. There are various bases of power including formal power, coercive power, reward power, legitimate power, expert power, and referent power. Influence tactics are used to translate power into actions and include rational persuasion, inspiration, consultation, and pressure. Organizational politics can arise when resources are scarce and decisions are complex, and can lead to defensive behaviors by employees like avoidance and impression management.
Nir Halevy on Motivating Your Workforce
Nir Halevy, a Stanford professor, studies how social distance affects motivation through feedback. His research finds that people respond best to feedback that "fits" the social distance, such as concrete feedback from close supervisors but abstract ideas from distant leaders. This "construal fit" leaves people feeling more inspired. Halevy tested this in various workplace contexts and found that fitting the communication style to the social distance improved job satisfaction, commitment, and willingness to take action. Understanding construal fit can help managers motivate employees through more effective communication.
Slideshow Sample
This document appears to be from a student conducting research on interracial relationships. It includes the evolution of the student's research question over multiple drafts, from broad topics like racism and interracial relationships to more focused questions about differences in attitudes based on gender and race. It also outlines the student's methodology of distributing an online survey via social media and in print, and lists some of the survey questions about attitudes toward interracial dating and potential judgments of biracial couples.
Paper 2
In this paper, I researched how aspects of personality can influence behavior; the specific example here is infidelity. I synthesized the data of multiple experiences to create a personality profile of a person who is more likely to cheat on a romantic partner than the "average" person.
ICA 2011 Tatsuya Imai
This study examined how plans to marry influence relationship quality and confirmation in dating couples. It was hypothesized that couples with marriage plans would report higher relationship quality and feeling more confirmed by their partners compared to couples without plans. It was also hypothesized that confirmation would mediate the relationship between plans to marry and relationship quality. The study found support for these hypotheses. Plans to marry were linked to higher relationship quality and feeling more confirmed, and confirmation mediated this relationship. However, hypotheses related to self-verification strivings in couples with and without plans were not supported.
Ob12 14st
The document defines power as the capacity to influence another's behavior to act according to one's wishes. It contrasts leadership, which focuses on goal achievement and compatibility, with power, which is used as a means to achieve goals and requires follower dependency. There are different bases of power, including reward, coercive, legitimate, expert, and referent power. Dependency on the power holder is key to their power. Coalitions can help maximize influence. Sexual harassment and politics involve the use of power in organizations, with political behavior defined as non-required activities that influence resource distribution. Factors like impression management also influence political behaviors.
Gender inequality in workplace
Gender inequality persists in the workplace. While women now make up around half the workforce, they remain underrepresented in leadership positions and continue to earn less than men for similar work. This pay gap can be partially explained by women more often taking on lower-paying jobs and prioritizing family responsibilities over career advancement. However, gender biases and stereotypes also contribute significantly to inequality. Studies show women are judged more harshly than men and face barriers when breaking from traditional gender norms. Overcoming inequality will require addressing its deep-seated structural and societal causes, not just individual factors.
Plank Center Webinar: Women & Leadership in Public Relations
Plank Center Webinar: Women & Leadership in Public RelationsPlank Center for Leadership in Public Relations
Progress in gender diversity in public relations remains painfully slow in many ways, but Time’s Up for the field. According to The Homes Report, women make up about 70% of the PR workforce, but they only hold about 30% of the top positions in the industry.
The Plank Center hosted a free webinar titled “Women and Leadership in Public Relations.”
The Center’s 2017 Leadership Report Card found that being successful in the field is still challenging for women—the pay gap is real; the opportunity gap is real; and the being-heard-and-respected-gap is real.
The webinar discusses bridging those gaps, including action items for current leaders at all organizational levels. Led by industry professionals:
Julia Hood, founder, Pop-Up Media and AgendaZoom
Jacquie McMahon, senior account executive, Ketchum
Donnalyn Pompper, public relations professor & endowed chair, University of Oregon
Brian Price, corporate communications manager, Starwood Retail Partners
And moderated by Leah Seay, assistant manager, public policy communication, General Motors.
To view the archived webinar, go to The Center's website: http://bit.ly/PlankWebinarsRelationships Revision - AQA A Level Revision
This document summarizes several theories related to romantic relationships and attraction. It discusses evolutionary explanations for partner preferences including sexual selection and human reproductive behavior. It also examines factors that affect attraction such as self-disclosure, physical attractiveness, and similarity. Several theories of relationships are outlined, including social exchange theory, equity theory, Rusbult's investment model, and Duck's phase model of relationship breakdown. The document also summarizes research on virtual relationships and parasocial relationships.
Similar to Mixing Pleasure With Work: Employee Perceptions of and Responses to Workplace Romance (20)
Skeletal Summary Core 100 Skeletal Summary Article Title .docx
Skeletal Summary Core 100 Skeletal Summary Article Title .docx
Social Comparison or Association? Effects of Facebook Friend Profile Viewing ...
Social Comparison or Association? Effects of Facebook Friend Profile Viewing ...
Good managers often make unethical decisions-and dont evenk.docx
Good managers often make unethical decisions-and dont evenk.docx
Plank Center Webinar: Women & Leadership in Public Relations
Plank Center Webinar: Women & Leadership in Public Relations
More from West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
It’s too dirty for me, so it’s too dirty for the kids: A cross-comparison of ...
It’s too dirty for me, so it’s too dirty for the kids: A cross-comparison of ...West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
The current study explores variance in perceptions of age-appropriateness and overall evaluations of a video game manipulated to contain sexually or violently explicit content as a function of national culture and moral foundations. Purity/Sanctity concerns were the strongest predictor of higher age-appropriateness ratings for sexually explicit (expected) and violent (unexpected) games. US players evaluated the violent game more favorably than Germans. Both evaluated the sexually explicit game similarly, although Germans preferred it to the violent game; US audiences preferred the violent game.Of beard physics and worldness: The (non) effect of enhanced anthropomorphism...
Of beard physics and worldness: The (non) effect of enhanced anthropomorphism...West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
Advances in realistic graphics and artificial intelligence are hallmarks of evolved video games, as environments and characters are made to seem more real. Little is known, however, about whether or not character model changes may impact players’ relationships with familiar avatars, especially since anthropomorphism – the perception of nonhuman objects as being human or human-like – is understood as central to player-avatar interaction (PAX). This study leveraged a naturally occurring change to one MMO’s avatars to conduct a field quasi-experiment to investigate whether enhanced avatar anthropomorphism influences PAX dimensions: emotional investment, anthropomorphic autonomy, suspension of disbelief, and sense of control. Longitudinal analysis showed that enhanced anthropomorphism had no significant impact on any PAX dimension immediately or over time, when controlling for demographic and gameplay variables. Player comments suggest the change was experienced not as a change in humanness, but as a shift in perceptual realism – believability, lifelikeness, depth – that impacted the experience of the avatar-mediated gameworld more broadly.
Presented at the 2015 convention of the National Communication Association
Now in press at Psychology of Popular Media Culture; pre-press version can be accessed here: https://www.academia.edu/15606926/Of_Beard_Physics_and_Worldness_The_non-_Effect_of_Enhanced_Anthropomorphism_on_Player-Avatar_Relations
Virtual tensions fuel narrative tensions
Virtual tensions fuel narrative tensionsWest Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
This study explores the potential correlation between an adolescent's leisurely video game experience and their narrative composition writing ability in a first-semester University writing course. Our data report moderate correlations between students' aggregated video game experience (years spent playing) and their ability to articulate tension and turn, and use proper organization in composition assignments, notably an early-semester diagnostic essay (assigned on the first day of class, prior to formal instruction). Findings suggest that leisurely gameplay might help develop competency with the same creative skills related to written narrative ability, potentially facilitating the learning of these skills in the classroom.
Citation: Bowman, N. D., Baldwin, C., & Jones, J. (2015, November). Virtual tensions fuel narrative tensions: The impact of leisurely video game experience on first-year college students’ observed composition writing ability. Paper presented at the National Communication Association, Las Vegas. From toy and tool to partner and person: Phenomenal convergence/ divergence ...
From toy and tool to partner and person: Phenomenal convergence/ divergence ...West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
An avatar is “an interactive, social representation of a user” (Meadows, 2008, p. 23) in a digital environment. Although avatars broadly include textual screen names or social network profiles, we specifically discuss here the two- or three-dimensional graphic
bodies representing players in online games. These bodies are at least partially controlled by players as they engage a game – in movement, gesturing, communicating, and acting in/on the world – and these interactions constitute a multimodal gaming
literacy that is central to play (Gee, 2004).Emotion, anthropomorphism, realism, control: Validation of a merged metric f...
Emotion, anthropomorphism, realism, control: Validation of a merged metric f...West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
This paper proposes a validated 15-item scale that merges theoretically divergent perspectives on player-avatar relations in extant literature (parasociality as psychological merging and sociality as psychological divergence) into a single instrument that measures player-avatar interaction (PAX). PAX is defined as the perceived social and functional association between an MMO player and game avatar, inclusive of four factors: emotional investment, anthropomorphic autonomy, suspension of disbelief, and sense of player control. These four factors were stable across two large multi-game (N = 494) and game-specific player samples (N = 458), in both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Construct validity tests show scale dimensions have expected significant relationships with a sense of human-like relatedness and player-avatar relationship features, and predictive validity tests indicate theoretically likely and relevant factor associations with gameplay motivations and MMO genres.Through the Looking Glass (Self): The impact of wearable technology on perce...
Through the Looking Glass (Self): The impact of wearable technology on perce...West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
Advancements in wearable technology have allowed for social information to be inserted directly (albeit conspicuously) into face-to-face interactions. One example is Google Glass, worn similar to a pair of eyeglasses but with a digital display which can provide the wearer an augmented reality of extra-dyadic cues – such as social information (culled from social media programs) – about one’s conversation partners. Such interactions might violate expectancies of “normal” face-to-face interactions, in which both partners are assumed to have similar levels of social information about the other (as well as similar capabilities to retrieve and record this information). The current study simulated a fictitious “Looking Glass” program that (a) auto-detected (via facial recognition) one’s partner and (b) displayed that person’s last 12 social media posts on Glass. In a randomized case/control experiment, non-wearers were more likely to perceive Glass-wearers as physically attractive and socio-emotionally close, while feeling lower self-esteem and having higher mental and physical demand with the conversation. Open-ended data suggested Glass wearers to be less attentive to the conversation, and Glass-present conversations were less on-topic. These data hold implications for future application of and research into what we refer to as cyborgic face-to-face interactions: non-mediated yet technologically augmented social interactions.
Citation: Bowman, N. D., Banks, J. D., & Westerman, D. K. (2015, May). Through the Looking Glass: The impact of Google Glass on perceptions of face-to-face interaction. Paper to be presented at the International Communication Association, Puerto Rico.Sport Fans and Sci-Fi Fanatics: The Social Stigma of Popular Media Fandom
Sport Fans and Sci-Fi Fanatics: The Social Stigma of Popular Media FandomWest Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
This study experimentally examined the social stigma associated with different types of popular media fandom. Participants read profiles of either a male or female sports fan or science fiction/fantasy fan and rated their impressions. Science fiction/fantasy fans, both male and female, were perceived as less physically and socially attractive compared to sports fans. Additionally, male science fiction/fantasy fans were rated as less physically and socially attractive than both female science fiction/fantasy fans and fans overall, suggesting fandom type interacts with gender norms to influence social stigma. The findings provide evidence that stigma towards science fiction/fantasy fandom is linked to the object of fandom rather than the level of fan behavior.The people dissent, or The People’s consent? Comparing news agendas of tradit...
The people dissent, or The People’s consent? Comparing news agendas of tradit...West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
Through content analysis of their coverage on a large-scale media event, this paper examines the difference of agendas set by traditional media (represented by newspapers) and new media (represented by micro-blogs) in China. The results show that the agendas discussed by the Chinese people on micro-blogs are not significantly influenced by newspapers. In terms of the topics of the news, newspapers are more concerned with the Chinese economy and people's livelihood while micro-blogs are more concerned with political and legal reforms in China. As for media tone, newspapers are more likely to cover the event positively while micro-blogs tend to be negative. These findings that the Chinese government may be incapable of exercising their traditionally strong media agenda influence over newer digital media suggest that Chinese citizens, or netizens, may enjoy more freedom of speech in micro-blogging.
Zhang, G., Bowman, N. D., Shao, G., & Guan, D. (2015, May). “The people dissent, or The People’s consent?” Comparing news agendas of traditional and new media surrounding a large-scale Chinese political event. Paper presented at the International Communication Association, Puerto Rico.Mountaineers Are Always Free (To Post Online): Facebook and Group Identity P...
Mountaineers Are Always Free (To Post Online): Facebook and Group Identity P...West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
College students use their social media profiles to create and (normally) maintain a positive presentation of their self-identities in an expansive online social network. According to the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE) model, when students identify strongly as a member of a group, they may craft posts that reflect this group identity, which may or may not be seen as acceptable to others in their social network. In a one-to-many form of communication like a social media website, a person may have many small groups of people in their social network, but their audience is their entire network as a whole. This study analyzes how group identity shapes the way people post updates. Students from a large Mid-Atlantic university were surveyed about their group identity and their own social media posts. By analyzing and comparing their actual Facebook posts to their survey responses, a direct relationship between strength of group identity and group-conforming Facebook posts was expected.Taking video games to task
As part of a panel on the "Psycho/biological considerations for human interactions within video games" at NCA 2014, Dr Nick Bowman presents a summary of his work on task demand and video games.
“Web-sling to save or shoot to kill?” The impact of dissonant origin and ant...
“Web-sling to save or shoot to kill?” The impact of dissonant origin and ant...West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
The current study explores the impact of dissonant origin information (information about character origin that counters audiences’ prior knowledge) on dispositional shift (movement from more to less extreme judgments). In a 2 (action: pro- or anti-social) x 2 (outcome: rewarded or punished) x 2 (canonical/control or dissonant origin) between-subjects experimental design, participants receiving dissonant origin experienced greater dispositional polarization (that is, dramatic shift) – from extreme positive to extreme negative judgments; these effects intensified when the character’s actions were anti-social.Private Flirts, Public Friends: Understanding Romantic Jealousy Responses to ...
Private Flirts, Public Friends: Understanding Romantic Jealousy Responses to ...West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
Research has yet to identify causes for jealousy reactions on social network sites. An experiment examined how message exclusivity affects jealousy responses to a hypothetical scenario. A total of 191 students were randomly assigned to imagine their emotional and behavioral responses to an ambiguous message given by their partner to a romantic rival in a private Facebook message (high exclusivity) or posted publicly on the rival’s Facebook wall (low exclusivity). Those reading high exclusivity messages reported more negative emotion and were more likely to confront. Threat perception and negative emotion predicted confrontational behavior. There was an indirect effect of exclusivity on threat perception through negative emotion. There was no direct link between exclusivity and threat perception.
Citation: Cohen, E.L., Bowman, N.D., & Borchert, K. (2014). Private flirts, public friends: Understanding romantic jealousy responses to an ambiguous social network site message as a function of message access exclusivity. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 535-541. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.050When the ball stops, the fun stops too: The impact of social inclusion on vid...
When the ball stops, the fun stops too: The impact of social inclusion on vid...West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
Video games have long been understood as an entertaining and popular medium, and recent work has suggested that at least part of their appeal rests in their ability to foster feelings of sociability and belonging with others. From this, we expected that following an episode of social ostracism, playing video games with other people would be an enjoyable experience due the game’s ability to restore one’s social needs. However, in a 2 (social inclusion vs. social ostracism) x 2 (choosing to play alone vs. co-playing) quasi-experimental design, individuals who were socially ostracized in a ball tossing game reported no deficit in their subsequent enjoyment of the video game- reporting above-average enjoyment - while individuals who were socially included reported significantly lower enjoyment when playing alone compare to all other conditions. These effects held, controlling for individual sex, trait need for belonging, video game self-efficacy, and individual performance at the game. These results ran counter to predictions regarding the socially restorative power of video games following a social ostracism episode, and offer insight into how social scenarios might foster expectations of entertainment media products.
Citation: Bowman, N. D., Kowert, R., & Cohen, E. (2014, November). When the ball stops, the fun stops too: The impact of social inclusion on video game enjoyment. Paper to be presented at the National Communication Association, Chicago.Stereotypes of Stay-at-Home and Working Mothers
Stereotypes of Stay-at-Home and Working MothersWest Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
Taking an initial step to empirically investigate cultural conjecture about stay-at-home mothers' (SAHMs') and working mothers’ (WMs') rivalry, the purpose of this study was to identify the content of stereotypes held for these subgroups of mothers. Through open-ended responses from SAHMs, WMs, and a broad non-parent sample, 5,523 traits of SAHMs and WMs emerged. Following coding procedures used in previous stereotype research (Hummert, Garstka, Shaner, & Strahm, 1994; Ruble & Zhang, 2013), the authors grouped the traits into 28 SAHM and 21 WM stereotype categories. The SAHM stereotype categories align with traditional views of womanhood, feminism, and family structure and reveal positive evaluations of mothering ability. Examples of the SAHM stereotype categories include: “domestic,” “caregiver,” “family-oriented,” and “ideal mom.” The WM stereotype categories align with non-traditional views of womanhood, motherhood, and family structure and reveal negative evaluations of mothering ability. Examples of the WM stereotype categories include: “determined,” “independent,” “work-focused,” and “substandard mom”. SAHM and WM stereotypes provide evidence for both stagnant and progressing ideals of women such that SAHMs are perceived as feminine, heterosexual housewives who are solely competent at mothering and WMs are perceived as independent, strong women who lack maternal instincts. Building on social identity (Tajfel & Turner, 1986) and subsequent theorizing (Cuddy, Fiske, & Glick, 2007), these results lay groundwork for further assessment of these stereotypes, particularly their prevalence, valence, and links to specific family and intergroup communication practices.My Ideal Professor: Examining College Students' Preferences for Effective Tea...
My Ideal Professor: Examining College Students' Preferences for Effective Tea...West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
Guided by Rhetorical and Relational Goals Theory, this study examined college students' perceptions of effective teaching behaviors. Specifically, students (n = 209) were asked to design their ideal instructor by prioritizing ten teaching behaviors and characteristics from rhetorical and relational traditions (i.e., assertive, responsive, clear, relevant, competent, trustworthy, caring, immediate, humorous, disclosure). Results indicated that students preferred teacher clarity, competence, and relevance from their instructors. Teacher self-disclosure, immediacy, and caring were considered to be luxury behaviors rather than necessary behaviors. Academic beliefs (i.e., learning orientation, grade orientation, academic entitlement) were significantly related to many student preferences for effective teaching behaviors.WVU COM 105 - Chapter 10 (Advertising)
WVU COM 105 - Chapter 10 (Advertising) West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
This document discusses the history and evolution of advertising. It traces advertising back to ancient Greece and describes how it grew with improvements in production and distribution. Newspapers helped advertising become popular by increasing audiences and potential markets. Online advertising struggled early on but adapted to focus on customized content and big data-driven targeting. The document examines how media formats and user behaviors have challenged traditional advertising models.The win, the worth, and the work of play: Exploring phenomenal entertainment ...
The win, the worth, and the work of play: Exploring phenomenal entertainment ...West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
Paper presented at Meaningful Play 2014, East Lansing, MI, 16 October 2014
Popular opinion of digital games tends to classify them as toys, diversions and distractions, however this focus on games solely as sources of hedonic pleasure is theoretically, empirically, and phenomenologically myopic – it obscures the full range of affective, emotional, and cognitive experiences that one can have when playing digital games. In this vein, this study explores the phenomenal experience of enjoyment and appreciation in massively multiplayer online games, addressed through players’ descriptions of favorite gameplay memories. Through emergent thematic analysis of these descriptions and statistical analysis of individual differences, we demonstrate that elements of online game content can be both enjoyed as ego-driven reward and achievement and appreciated relationally with respect to other players, characters, and the gameworld. However, memorable game experiences are not necessarily experienced as having entertainment value, such that games scholars should be more inclusive of what is considered as important to players – potentially the win, the worth, and the work of play.The (not so) Secret Life of Avatars
A guest lecture, sponsored by the Scripps College of Communication at Ohio University. The talk was given on 7 October 2014 in the Schoonover Lobby by Dr. Nick Bowman.
WVU: Lambda Pi Eta + UCA Meeting (Fall 2014)
WVU: Lambda Pi Eta + UCA Meeting (Fall 2014)West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
For Fall 2014, WVU Department of Commnication Studies is hosting an informational meeting on Monday, September 8 for undergraduate students interested in learning about our two student organizations: Lambda Pi Eta and the Undergraduate Communication Association. You say dāta, I say däta: Harnessing the friction of competing epistemologie...
You say dāta, I say däta: Harnessing the friction of competing epistemologie...West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies
Early in graduate school, scholars are introduced to the foundational epistemologies and ontologies of their fields. Similar to the way in which children tend to adopt the world-views of their parents, young scholars tend to acclimatize to the theoretical and methodological assumptions of their advisors. In this process, scholars learn to harness the tools of their chosen focus of study, often at once mastering one tool-set and becoming blind to the potential utility of others. In this presentation, we present the results of a line of research on player-avatar relationships (PARs) that has successfully leveraged the seemingly-inherent friction of two very divergent approaches to research: interpretative scholarship aimed at generating rich data from conspicuous participants (in which the data analyzed are subjective accounts of human experiences gathered using quasi-ethnographic methods) and post-positive scholarship aimed at gathering broad data from anonymous participants (in which the data analyzed are observed cognitions, attitudes or behaviors produced through survey and experimentation). Initial solutions from both camps produced competing explanations regarding PARs – the former suggesting them to be best framed as authentic social relationships, the latter suggesting them to be best framed as para-social affinities. Subsequent studies theoretically and methodologically blended both approaches, resulting in a broader and deeper conceptualization of PARs that accounts for counterintuitive patterns in the qualitative data and substantially improves variance explained by data models designed to understand uses and effects.
Talk delivered at the University of Muenster, Thursday July 24. Images contained are not property of authors, with exception of data tables and figures. More from West Virginia University - Department of Communication Studies (20)
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如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Gabriel Whitley's Motion Summary Judgment
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
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