Minstrel Shows And Theater

Minstrel Shows and Theater
The 19th century was a time period full of disagreements and wishful thinking. During this time, African Americans were trying to become free from
slavery. This led to a Civil War. The 1800's were a hard time for African Americans, after the Civil War many expressed their thoughts and feelings
through plays like Minstrel Shows and other forms of theatre. During this time period, America was in the middle of its Industrial Revolution. It was
the beginning of the growth of the infrastructure for factories and distribution of goods (Gunning 1). I believe that the business men in the 1800's
really set up the base of how America runs today. Also invented in the 1800's, were many important things for the theatre. The film projector was made
in 1820 by John Ayton Paris (Gunning 2). In technology, optical illusions were in high demand (Gunning 11). These "physiological toys" were designed
to mess with people's minds and manipulate their perception (Gunning 9). The technological advances of the 19th century played a big role in theatre.
Since America was having an Industrial Revolution, many people from the country moved to the expanding cities in the east ("Nineteenth Century
Theatre"). This migration made the growth of theatres possible. Theatre seats, balconies, and the basic structural support were made of wood
("Nineteenth Century Theatre"). During the 19th century, theatre lights were "upgraded" three times, the theatre went from candle lighting, to gas
lighting,
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Causes Of The Chicago Fire
The Chicago Fire was an extensive fire that destroyed an enormous amount of the city. It burned from Sunday, October 8, to early Tuesday,
October 10 in 1871. The fire was initially caused by the dry weather. Most buildings used wood as their primary construction material. The
buildings' wood frame is highly flammable and dangerous in scenarios like this. The fire spread at an alarmingly fast rate and over a large area due
to the city design. The buildings were placed close together on narrow streets which allowed the fire to spread quickly. This resulted in majority of the
city to be burned down and destroyed. Despite this catastrophe the fire allowed for a re–do. This could have also easily allowed for a collapse of the
city but due to the strong economy, forward thinkers and designers, and the motivation to rebuild this fire resulted in a new urban plan and way of
building. Chicago was becoming a world city. Louis Sullivan argued that it was the biggest grain and lumber market in the world as well as the
greatest railroad centre.1 The economy was very strong and allowed for a quick rebuild and transformation of the city. Architects such as Louis
Sullivan capitalized on this opportunity to design in a new way. Not only to avoid this from happening again but to also design a better working city
from the previous one. Starting from a clean slate they could learn from the mistakes from the previous designs and provide a better functioning city
for the people of

Lincoln's Assassination: Foreshadowing the Implementation...
In modern time, the United States is looked at as a country that has an ability to overcome adversity. However, in the middle of the nineteenth century,
the civil war proved to divide the nation. When the nation finally came back together, it was broken again shortly after. On April 15th, 1865 the 16th
President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln was assassinated at Ford's Theatre in Washington D.C. This was the first successful attempt to have a
president assassinated while in office. After unsuccessful attempts, the first successful assassination of the president pointed out gaping flaws in the
government. The first and most obvious flaw was the lack of secret service which provides the president with protection. Also, Lincoln's assassination
exposed the inability for the government to successfully investigate a crime of large magnitude quickly and successfully. Upon further investigation into
John Wilkes Booth, it is evident he was not acting alone, and had larger plans to sabotage the government showing the need for a government
intelligence agency. Booth and his group's elaborate plot to take down Lincoln succeeded, sending America into a panic. Among the panic and horror
that came with the assassination came the foreshadowing that America needed better presidential protection as well as a centralized investigating
entity. After defeating confederate states in the civil war, the northern states were in jubilation. In the nations capital, people were seen drinking

Progression Of Theatre Essay
The beginnings of theatre go back far I history. It started by acting out of religious rites portrayed by sings and dances to their gods. It's believed to
be started by the Greeks. " The very words theatre, drama, tragedy and comedy are Greek in origin"(Brown 13). England has been the center of
theatricals for many generations. There are many actors from England that have achieved success in America. England's plays have been preformed on
American stages. This paper follows the progression of the theatre and its elements of acting, set design and technology from birth to future in
American theater. Americans love theatre, people flock to New York City to see the top plays, first runs and classics. There are many local community
players, performing their arts in warehouse, strip malls, dinner clubs and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A craft that was thought only for the rich has been marketed to children in schools, to their parents and tickets are now more affordable. People are
drawn to this style of entertainment. There are theater lingo's like break a leg, the show must go on, dim the lights and curtain calls. I believe in times
of struggle the theatre is a form of escape for the masses and has been an escape method throughout history. Theatre has continued to live on from the
birth of American theatre to modern theatre and continuing on now to the future through the progression of acting, design and technology.
To understand the progression of acting, design and technology in theatre we start with the past history, birth of American theatre. "It was the visiting
actors from England, landing first in Virginia, who laid the foundations of the American theatre, and along English lines that it developed"( Hartnoll
165). Playhouses began to spring up in Virginia, North Carolina and Philadelphia. These were the main areas of theatrical activity. The English

Research Paper On Street Theatre
Theatre is reality and it is a living art. It is an important entity of any society. It is the expression of human conditions in its different forms throughout
history and it has a long tradition of performances based on the issues and events which are central to a society. So, theatre has a big role to play in
building a good society. Throughtheatre one can know as well as one can show the reality that is happening actually in a society of which he or she
is a part. It primarily focusses on performances which deals with the issues of wrongdoings done by the few rich and powerful to many poor and the
oppressed people. So, theatre becomes even more important in a country like India where the number of poor and helpless people far ... Show more
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I will be talking generally about Safdar Hashmi's theatre group Jana Natya Manch, generally called as JANAM and its one of the most important
play Machine. It was in 1973 that JANAM was founded by Safdar Hashmi along with some of colleagues. While he was a student, he was an active
member of the Student Federation of India and also a member of Indian People's Theatre Association. Safdar himself was a left wing political activist
and a lover of art. He never shied away from the fact that he was a partisan of both politics and art. Safdar Hashmi, who was steeped in political
awareness and deeply in love with theatre identified that street theatre is the most suitable form for his political expression (Tanvir, Memorial
Lectures 3). As the effort of the street theatre is to locate theatre back to the people, day to today survival issues of the common people is projected as
the themes of JANAM's plays. According to Safdar Hashmi, plays of the street theatre must express the sentiments of downtrodden and the oppressed
people as he considers street theatre as people's theatre and so the themes of the plays must have a close connection with popular mass movements.
They also have to question as well as interrogate all those anti– people policies of the established regime and also have to defend the protesting right of
people and at the same time the plays should register the dissenting

A Doll's House By Henrik Ibsen
Realism is a theatrical movement during the 19th century, illustrating a story without "artificial" and supernatural elements, in other words, a realism
play would show things that happen in our everyday life, much like naturalism. We can distinguish realism from other theatrical movements by the
facts that its characters are believable to be the everyday type, the costumes are authentic to the time period being illustrated, the setting is based in
only one location that is as close to our everyday life as possible, and because the story happens within 24 hours and only has one story line.
There are many similarities between realism and naturalism. Some of those similarities are that both genres illustrate events that could happen in real ...
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Although it was not until the mid 1900 that modern realism really emerged. By the 1950s, the "box set" with three walls was introduced and
popularized. The box set is a way to stage something so that it creates the illusion of an interior room on the stage.
An important name during the modern realism movement is Henrik Ibsen. Ibsen is now considered the founder of modern realism. Ibsen owes his
title to his most famous play "A Doll's House" featuring the "the taboo and deep seeded unrest in women of the time" (1). In other words, Ibsen
illustrated the everyday lives of his middle–class audience.
In doing so, Ibsen was soon followed by the Russians Chekhov and Gorky. Both writers were founders of the socialist realism, which is a style with
the purpose of spreading the goals of socialism and communism. Chekhov and Gorky wrote about the boredom of the uneventful lives of the
middle–class, and later on they would portray the poorest classes as a suffering and working class. Gorky wrote "The Lower Depths", which
illustrated the working class and their living conditions. On the other hand, Chekhov wrote "Three Sisters" or even "The Lady With the Dog", which
portrayed the life of the middle–class. All of those plays are now considered masterpieces of the socialist realism

Principle Of Naturalism
In terms of writing and dramatic style, naturalism is a heightened form of realism. Naturalistic dramas generally follow guidelines created by
Aristotle, the Greek philosopher. These rules are known as "the three unities": action, place and time. The general rule is that the events of the play
should take place in the same location over a single day. Naturalism was made popular by the French writer Г‰mile Zola, and his principles were
modified by the French for the stage in the late nineteenth–century. Zola's rules, known as "the three principles of naturalism" formed the basis for the
naturalist movement in theatre. The first principle, faire vrai, was that the play had to be realistic and be as close a study of the human condition as
possible. The second principle, faire grand, was that the play had to be meaningful and each theme or event had to be of some significance. And lastly,
the third principle, faire simple, was that the play had to be simple and the writer should not to clutter the play with unnecessary sub–plots or dialogue.
Naturalism spread through Europe in the twentieth–century until it reached the USSR. Stanislavski, a Russian theatre producer, thought that
melodrama was unrealistic and unbelievable. Therefore, he set up the Moscow Art Theatre, in which he created new rules for theatre which all of his
actors had to follow. In naturalistic acting, characters had to be realistic and believable, and the costumes needed to reflect the different character's

Melodrama Research Paper
Naturalism is defined by the Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms (1990) as 'a more deliberate kind of realism in novels, stories, and plays, usually
involving a view of human beings as passive victims of natural forces and social environment' (Baldick, p.221). The dictionary states that naturalistic
drama in particular 'usually has a broader application, denoting a very detailed illusion of real life on the stage, especially in speech, costume, and sets'
(Baldick, p.221). On the other hand, melodrama is defined as 'a popular form of sensational drama that flourished in the 19th–century theatre [...] the
modern sense of melodrama derives: an emotionally exaggerated conflict of pure maidenhood and scheming villainy in a plot full of suspense'
(Baldick, p.201). Melodrama came before naturalistic drama, in the early nineteenth–century, but was taken over in popularity in the late nineteenth
/ early twentieth–century by realism and naturalistic drama.
The term melodrama originated from the early nineteenth–century French word mГ©lodrame, which is derived from Greek melos, which means
melody, and French drame, which means drama. Moreover, many of the elements of melodrama are thought to have originated in the fifth century B.C.
Melodrama emerged from eighteenth–century sentimental dramas in Germany and France that involved music, and became popular between the
seventeen–eighties and the seventeen–nineties, with its popularity lasting until the early twentieth–century. In terms of early European theatre, the term
melodrama was used to describe scenes of mime or dialogue which were accompanied by music. However, the more modern definition in the Oxford
Dictionary of Literary Terms comes from the early nineteenth century, where the melodramatic plays being performed in London were somewhat
simplified adaptations of Gothic novels. Melodrama means 'song–drama' in Greek, so therefore the use of music is understandably a very important
feature. It is used to the increase emotions of the audience, as well as to signify different characters. Pisani says in his essay 'Music for the theatre: style
and function in incidental music' that:
Music [was] used to assist the actors in establishing and sustaining the emotional pitch

The Realism Of Naturalism And Naturalism
Naturalism A movement in the late 19th century arose wherein drama would be used to portray people and events as they actually are. Looking at
ordinary people in situations that would actually happen. In Europe, France specifically, this meant the Naturalism movement. Naturalism is a similar
idea to that of realism in wanting the drama to reflect reality as much as possible. However, naturalism was built around a theory that builds further
from the goals of realism. Naturalism is defined as "a style of art or literature that shows people and things as they actually are" (Naturalism). "The
mid–nineteenth century witnessed the state of a new kind of awareness and self–reflection among theatre artists" (Schumacher 1). This awareness
meant that putting on a play just to put on a play was no longer enough. "The creation of imaginary worlds had to be justified on ethical, sociological,
political and aesthetic grounds" (Schumacher 1). This may sound similar to realism; however, naturalism does differ. Naturalism was devised from the
ideas of Darwin's Theory of Evolution. Not only do naturalistic plays present realistic characters and story lines, but these characters and stories also
involve evolution and heredity. Darwinism is important to understand when looking at naturalism because it is the catalyst that inspired those in the
theatre community to embrace naturalism. Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by Charles Darwin. His theory was initially

William Shakespeare Founding Father Essay
William Shakespeare: America's Other Founding Father
America has long observed the tradition of taking something that does not belong to them and claiming it as their own: Continental US from Native
Americans, Puerto Rico from Spain, and cultural and political attributes from Western Europe. The founding fathers and their successors claimed not
only land and culture from other nations; they also claimed people. One person in particularвЂ•perhaps surprisingly so, given his home countryвЂ•has
been at the center of American appropriation for centuries: William Shakespeare. Since America's inception, Shakespeare and his work have played a
prominent role in shaping the country's culture, society, and leaders. The amazing story behind Shakespeare's... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The significant increase of American pilgrimages to Shakespeare's birthplace resulted in heightened realization and interest in purchasing the home in
which Shakespeare was born. One American who took significant interest in purchasing Shakespeare's birthplace was P.T. Barnum and, in April of
1847, he held the first interest meeting for purchasing Shakespeare's childhood home. Barnum's interest provoked English media and political and
cultural leaders to pursue private funding and take Shakespeare's home off of the public market. A tense negotiation ensued, which finally resulted in a
committee of English leaders, including Prince Albert, purchasing the home and transferring it to the "Shakespeare Birthplace Trust." The battle for
Shakespeare's birthplace was only the first of American efforts to take international ownership of Shakespeare; thirty year following the "Birthplace
Battle," American author Mark Twain initiated a campaign to raise funds to build a national memorial theatre in honor of William Shakespeare.
England continue to answer back to American efforts by establishing their own Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in 1879, only this time accepting
financial contribution from the United States. "Just over one hundred years after America had declared its independence from England, England
formally acknowledged that America now shared spiritual ownership of Shakespeare...America and Britain were now reunited by a shared appreciation
of Shakespeare.

Stanislavsky Research Paper
Stanislavsky was born in 1863 and died in 1938. He's well known for his interest in yoga dovetails and his holistic view of psychology. In
Stanislavsky's life he witnessed three revolutions,realisms overturn of nineteenth century histrionics, modernisms rejection of realism, and Russia's
political move from monarchy to communism. He would visit plays, circuses, ballets and the opera which I think helped to influence his work. His
father built a theatre in 1877 and in 1912 he started the first studio to develop his system for actor training. In the early nineteenth century actors were
regarded as lower class citizens, due to this 'konstantin Alekseev' began to act without his family's knowledge, under the stage name Stanislavsky. In
1897 Stanislavsky

Henrik Ibsen: The Father of Modernism in Theatre Essay
Henrik Ibsen: The Father of Modernism in Theatre Rank, deadly pessimistic, a disease, evil to be deprecated (Bordman and Hischak 1). Who would
have thought such words would be used to describe the work of the man who swept modernism into theatre? Henrik Ibsen's life was not one to envy.
The shame the surrounded his childhood and seeped into his adulthood greatly impacted his writing. Infusing his plays with highly controversial
themes, which lacked the current sunny air of Victorian values which Europe held in such a high regard, which led him to make a lasting impact on
theatre. However despite the depression and poverty that surrounded Ibsen's life, as well as having his work often dubbed pessimistic and unwanted, he
left an every... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During Ibsens life him home land of Norway was rejoicing after gaining independence from Sweden, and therefore being allowed to have a separate
monarchy. This time of celebration influenced Ibsen's writings, filling his works with a great sense of nationalism (Powers 1). Nineteenth century
Europe was dominated by Victorian values, something all of Ibsen's work clearly went against. Victorian values bubbled down to proper families and
sexual restraint. Ibsen's plays were full of cheating couples and illegitimate children, not exactly material considered welcome in theatre at the time
(Bordman and Hischak 1). Henrik Ibsen published several plays that were highly recognized, sometimes for the level of disgust they caused, and
sometimes for their sheer brilliance. One of Ibsen's better known works, An Enemy of the People, not only bashed Victorian right views but liberal
views in showing how one person can stand against society. The Wild Duck, known as one of Ibsen's most prominent works, highlights on affairs,
clearly steeping against Victorian values. Whereas hisPeer Gynt is not only disturbing realistic, but also explores folk lore and the unconscious. These
plays, among Ibsen's work greatly stirred the emotions of their audiences. Many found Ibsen's plays disgusting, immoral and dreary. Not only did
Ibsen's plays clearly contradict Victorian values, but they forced people to question everyday norms. Audiences tended to think of theatre

A Doll's House Analysis
The play, A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen, written in Norway on December 4, 1979, relies heavily on the historical events during which the play is set.
Although the play was written in Norway, A Doll's House reflects American society in the eighteen hundreds. The vast similarities between Norwegian
and American society through the nineteenth century is seen throughout most of the play. Ibsen takes up a challenge against the social norms
established against women by highlighting the distinct characteristics that the Antebellum period consisted of, and increasingly contributed to the work
by reflecting women's role in society and the rise of feminism during the era. A Doll's House is set to take place around the same decade it is written in.
The historical significance of the time that the play is set reflects America's Antebellum era. The play illustrates an upper–middle–class family in the
late nineteenth century which shows the relevance of social classes during this period and the expectations that are set for family members. A Doll's
House portrays a story in which a married couple lives in a society where they have to abide by unrealistic standards in order to maintain a good social
standing and reputation. The growing tension between classes, specifically in the south, grew tremendously in the 19th century due to slavery.
Additionally, slavery also contributed to booming effects in the economy which resulted in the creation of more jobs and opportunities, therefore,

Literature And Oppression
How Literature reflects Oppression Literature reflects society and vice–versa. Every culture, county, societies have literature of their own. Literature in
a way points out issues that are observed in the society and people belonging to that particular culture. One can in a way also say that literature
outlines the society as literature is a depiction and representation of society and its people, it signifies pre–existing ideas and concepts in a society.
Whereas, the, new literature, can mould the psyche within the society, influence the politics present within the society for the overall betterment of the
people and society. Oppression got recorded in the literature with the writers and authors considering themselves as important voice to highlight the
problems and issues faced by their countries. Oppression is oppression and the dominant group oppresses the minority of... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the earlier theatre, the voice that hinted or highlighted the issues faced by women in the Indian household was absent. With the rise of feminist
theatre, women came into forefront where they themselves expressed their feelings towards the oppression which they themselves have witnessed as
a victim, a unique identity of the women was created on the stage with the 'freedom' to use their own language, tone and above all to have their own
voice and tongue to 'express' their feeling. Feminist theatre brought about a change in women's lives as it provided a platform to the women to speak
and express moreover it worked as juncture to perform the art as well as critique the social system of oppression and inequality. It was first of its kind
where Indian dramatists came up with these issues and for the theatre moreover it worked as a great challenge to the conventional and traditional
notions of

Body Make Up History
Body make–up has an exceptionally long history; it evolved from painted masks to painted faces within shows and theatres to tribes from thousand
of years to current tribes of today such as African Zulu tribes and New Zealand Mawi tribes. In ancient times stage actors would wear masks and
body painting to portray their characters and they were used in the same way makeup and costumes is now used today to transform actors in various
ways such as different genders, characters or age. (Fig 1) One of the first times body painting makeup was used was arguably by the Greek actor
Thespis, he painted his face with white lead, and then shaded his body with lees of wine so that he could stand out from the chorus of actors. Yet as
time went on, stage lighting made make–up a necessity; they were gasoline lights and these lights tended to blur the actors' features, so over
exaggerating the actors face and body with deep colours, shading and painted lines would solve this problem. During the Renaissance, characters were
known to use lamb's wool to fashion false beards and powder their faces and body.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Vermillion for rouging the cheeks and parts of the body, Indian ink for contouring the collar bones, eyes or eyebrows, and violet powder for refining
the complexion and body. But it was also possible to alter recipes for run–of–the–mill paints to make them suitable for the Theatre. For example,
"Rouge de Theatre" was created from "Rouge Vegetal"– a natural concoction of safflowers and carbonate of soda – by adding mucilage of gum
tragacanth, which hardened the rouge into a dry, vivid powder (Corson,

Sexism in Film Essay
In society, women are often perceived as the weaker sex, both physically and mentally. In modern times women have leveled the playing field
between men and women, and feminism is a highly discussed topic, but for years, women faced discrimination and prejudice both in life and in the
workplace, due to their sex. This way of thinking flooded into the world of film. In their works, the authors of each of the various sources address the
limitations and liberations of women both on and off the screen in nineteenth century Film and Cinema. Not every source is completely filled with
information related to the research topic, but they do cover and analyze many of the same points from different perspectives. Prominent points
addressed in each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was not until the mid–1910's did the film industry shift "towards a model that prized business legitimacy. This shift ultimately marginalized the
woman filmmaker" (Mahar 133).
The presentation of women on screen is another highlighted issue in many of the gathered sources. Because men were ultimately in control of what
went on the screen much of what the audience perceived were women from the male imagination or fantasy. Bernard Beck elaborates in his article
Where the Boys Are: The Contender and other Movies about Women in a Man's World that, "...women have been used to dress up a male story or
motivate a male character" (Beck 15). Women were often insignificant and trivial characters. Although, Kathe Davis disagrees to a point. In her article,
Davis offers a dissonant opinion to the fore–mentioned insignificance of the female character. She instead describes many female characters as
"predators," and analyzes the roles of lead women in three prominent films of the nineteenth century. In each film, she finds parallels and similarities of
cases of "female emasculation" and instances where "women are turned into objects of male desire" (Davis 47–48). Davis does not perceive female
characters as being insignificant, just stripped of their power and misrepresented. She discusses how females of power are often portrayed as crazy

The Invention Of Broadway Research Paper
Most people fail to realize the importance of Broadway and all the history behind it. Did you know John Wilkes' Booth, the assassin of Abraham
Lincoln, brother played on Broadway? Or that Broadway wasn't always in the same spot. Also, many famous actors today started out on Broadway
before making it to Hollywood. Even some plays weren't that famous until they were showed on Broadway. For example, The Phantom of the Opera,
or Hamilton! Also, people also fail to realize that through many national tragedies, Broadway always found a way to show their support for their
country. But honestly, how did it all start? In 1811, theNew York cityplanners began a massive building execution. In 1835, Mayor Cornelius Van
Wyck invited people to Manhattan to "move up there and enjoy the clean air!" In the early nineteenth century, the Theatre District between 41st street
and 53rd street, was mainly just farmland and land owned by families all over. Broadway holds over 40 theatres at the moment, but it really wasn't
until the 1920's–1930's that theatres' started to be built down these streets. In the 1930s, Broadway experienced a major crisis mainly caused upon the
invention of the films having sound. About 6 decades after the Mayor started inviting people to come live in Manhattan, one of the first theatres on
42nd street was built. Willie (Oscar) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The longest running show on Broadway. The Phantom of the Opera was written in 1909–1910 but didn't become a musical until 1986. Based on the
French novel Le FantГґme de l'OpГ©ra by Gaston Leroux. Andrew Webber and Charles Hart both wrote the musical together based off that book,
back in 1986. Was first played on West End, in London. Then, played on Broadway in 1988 at the Majestic Theatre. Celebrated the 10,000th
Broadway performance on February 11th, 2012. Worldwide gross of $5.6 billion and Broadway gross of $845 million. Has been played in 27 different

Theatrical Realism : Realism And Realism
Theatrical Realism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrical_realism Theatrical realism was a general movement that began in the 19th–century theatre
it remained present through much of the 20th century developed a set of dramatic and theatrical conventions with the aim of bringing a greater
fidelity of real life to texts and performances Realism is the literary term applied to compositions that aim at a faithful representation of reality,
interpretations of the actualities of any aspect of life An attempt to describe human behaviour and surroundings or to represent figures and objects
exactly as they act or appear in life Began in the mid–19th century, in reaction to the highly subjective approach to romanticism the realists tended to
downplay plot in favor of character and to concentrate on middle–class life and preoccupation, avoiding larger, more dramatic issues Unlike naturalism,
it does not focus on the scientific laws that control life, but the specific actions and their characteristics Characteristics: objective free will often
optimistic settings in the everyday world ordinary events everyday characters the individual is perceived as a person with depth, bility to make ethical
choice and act on the environment describes reality in comprehensive detail characters are more important than the pilot and action complex ethical
choices are often the subject of the literature characters are related to nature, to each other, to their social class and to their own past.

Compare how the theme of childhood is presented in the...
00004629150–489839008 0008 –1143000233616500–11430001650365Drama Response to A Doll's House 0Drama Response to A Doll's House
–11430006793865Siham Shaddad Siham Shaddad A Doll's House Henrik Ibsen wrote the script of the play "A Doll's House" in 1879 and was first
performed shortly later that year in Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark. The three–act play depicts and criticizes the typical role of men and
women nineteenth century marriage. The play was inspired by a real–life story. The production consists of three acts with total time duration of 2 hours
and 24 minutes. The production in this report is performed by the Young Vic production. The play was captured live at the Young Vic theatre in
London, on 17th and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Subsequently Anna Maria had to send the youngster away when she was presented a job watching after young Nora Anna Maria Was forced to limit
the natural instinct of parenthood for the sake of her own survival At the end of the play when Nora leaves, She also leave the children in the care of
the nurse which offers the nurse three children of her own. Relationship –11430005143500 Theme Money Wealth was very important aspect
sociologically in the nineteenth century; it determined whether you were in the upper, middle or lower class. In the play Money play an
important part for mainly the Helmers. Torvald is the support of civilization since he works in a bank. Though Money seems to lend him a social
lawfulness. It was Ibsen's idea to set the play in Christmas since it allows the examination of sloppiness of wealth. Morality Morality played an
enormous part is the play, it showed the behavior for each of the character for example " Nora's Mistake is complicated in that it may be socially
reprehensible but it is morally good. She loves her husband and did the best for him and yet this act id deemed illegal". That paragraphed showed
Nora did that 'Mistake' for her husband, which shows and proves how much she loves him. Feminism A doll's House is often considered a feminist
play because of Nora's defense of her uniqueness

The Role Of The British Actress And Playwright
An examination of the evolving role of the British actress and playwright within the early 18th and 19th centuries and the changing function of gender
in performance.
"In terms of its theory, [socialist feminism] aims to analyse and understand the way in which relations based on class interact with relations based on
gender at both the individual and social level. Socialist feminism recognizes that there are issues over which solidarity between women can cut across
class, cultural and time barriers." – Michelene Wandor on Socialist Feminism
******
Gender inequality has punctuated theatre since it's infancy in classical tradition. The contemporary structure of western theatre is dictated by a specific
model, or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The title of the performer, until only decades ago, was denoted by the individual's gender: the "actor" being male and the "actress" being female
(gender performing function). In recent times the function of the performer has become the sole focus with the introduction of the term "actor" as a
universal label for all thespians. This essay will attempt to assess the voice and roles of the two aforementioned women in an effort to examine the
evolution of the female actor and playwright within their individual period and the changing function of gender in performance.
The formal entrance of women on the stage in England is usually credited to the epoch of the Restoration. Amongst the turbulence of the era spiked
with civil unrest, religious upheaval, the first regicide noted in modern history and the initial construction of the commonwealth's skeletal democratic
foundations, the Restoration primarily bore witness to a dramatic cultural revolution. After the death of Elizabeth I and the accession of James I of
Scotland, the era of 'reason' gave way to an era of 'faith'. The competing ecclesiastical ideologies of the catholic church and the monarchy's new
religious testament,

Why Is Swan Lake An Importance Of The Ballets Around The...
Swan Lake has been an inspiration for choreographers and artists around the world. It is important to recall that: "The first full–scale multicultural
collaboration between an American and a Soviet ballet company took place in Boston on May 3, 1990, when the Boston Ballet staged Swan Lake.
Within the production, Soviet danseurs partnered American Ballerinas, and American danseurs partnered Soviet ballerinas. Even the sets, designed by
an American artist, were constructed in the Soviet Union" (Crawford John, 2015: 44).
Countless new productions classical as well as modern have been produced over the last years: for example, Neumeier's Illusions–Like Swan Lake,
Matthew Bourne's (male) Swan Lake, Mats Ek's (modern) Swan Lake and recently Alexander ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This ranking system has its roots within the history. In the nineteenth–century ballets were created to show off the stars and the choreographies were
designed to reinforce the stellar status of the principal ballerina and her partner at center stage, encircled by soloists and ringed around by the corps de
ballet. Formerly men and women had different titles such as prima ballerina for the principal dancer and premier danseur for the male principal, but
nowadays ballet companies adopt a gender–neutral classification system. The hierarchy in the ranking has not only consequences for the roles the
dancers are casted for, but also the pay rates vary between the grades. Generally, members of the corps de ballet earn between 25% and 50% of what
a soloist or a principal earns. The denomination of the different ranks depends from company to company, for example at the Paris Opera Ballet the
dancers are graded in ascending order as trainees, quadrilles, coryphГ©es, sujets, premiers danseurs and Г©toiles, meanwhile the Royal Ballet of
London similarly grades its dancers from young dancers, artist, first artist, soloist and first soloist to principal. The English National Ballet divides the
dancers in even more categories: artists, first artist, junior soloists, soloists, first soloists, character artists, principals, lead principals and guest artists,
meanwhile the American Ballet Theatre has only four grades: apprentices, corps de ballet, soloists and

Flappers In The 1920's
The 1920s was a period of revolution and liberation for women with the rise of "the new woman", who experienced changes in both appearance and
attitude, and the reconsideration of the purpose of sex. The 1920s gave birth to the flapper, the type of woman who rejected the traditional prudish
values of the Victorian Era. Merriam–Webster defines a flapper as "a young woman; specifically: a young woman of the period of World War I and
the following decade who showed freedom from conventions (as in conduct)." Flappers started to emerge because of the shift in the role of women in
society. Women held more political power because of the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment and more and more women were entering the labor
force. Women had more... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Roaring Twenties was a time of change and innovation with the rise in new technology. Even though electricity was available to Americans before
the 1920s only a small percentage of American household had electricity. By the height of the Roaring Twenties about two thirds of American
households had electricity. With the rise of electricity came the popular household items such as the electric vacuum cleaner and the automatic washing
machine. As the twenties proceeded the automobile because extremely popular. The young generation used the automobile to escape from the watchful
eye of the older generations. Often, the automobile was used for scandalous meetings between lovers. Another innovation of the Roaring Twenties is
film. Film became one of the main sources of entertainment for Americans during the 1920s. "By the mid–1920s movie theatres were selling 50
million tickets each week, a sum equal to roughly half the US population" (Zeitz). The movies theatre not only served as a source of entertainment,
but the theaters also served as a classroom for the young generation. The young adults learned about love and sex is scandalous movies such as
Flaming Youth. Movie theatres also served as a source of news and a place for propaganda and advertisements. Radio also experienced a vast
expansion during the 1920s. Radio sparked a radical change the country's awareness. News such as election results could be broadcasted live across
the nation so that citizens could be more aware of what was going on in the country. Radio also provided a source of entertainment by broadcasting
sporting events like the World Series. Radio contributed toliberalism by broadcasting "'race music', 'hillbilly' sounds, and ethnic recordings" into

Literary Criticism Of A Doll's House
A Doll's house was written in 1879 by Henrik Ibsen, a Norwegian playwright. The play was originally written in Danish then later translated. This
play has three acts and eleven characters. A Doll's House shows Nora Helmer's awakening from her previous life of a domestic lifestyle. Having
been ruled her whole life by either her father or her husband, Torvald, Nora comes to question everything she has thought about her marriage. She
borrowed money from a man of lowly status, named Krogstad, by forging her father's signature. She was able to pay for a trip to Italy to save her
sick husband's life. He didn't know where the money came from, he just thought it was from her father. Since then, she has had to do many odd jobs
to find ways to pay back her loan. She became particularly concerned with money and the ways of a complex world (A Doll's House Summary). Henrik
Ibsen was born in Skien, Norway, March 20, 1828. Ibsen knew the Danish culture, because Denmark had ruled over Norway until 1814, and the
Norwegian people learned by reading Danish literature. Ibsen's family had a high social and financial status until a financial fall, where his father
was forced to sell almost everything. When Ibsen was fifteen he was apprenticed to an apothecary in Grimstad. He lived there in the very small
apothecary with the apothecary's family and servants. In 1846 he ended up fathering an illegitimate son with a servant girl. Ibsen never knew his son.
He wrote his first play,

The Spaces Of Consumption And The Developments Of Modern...
How Desire is constructed within the spaces of consumption and the developments of modern consumerism. Desire has helped build and form
what we know today as the modern department store. The idea of wanting something you don't already have has continually been a driving factor
of modern consumerism. Many aspects have influenced consumerism and desire; visual displays within the large windows of department stores
have constructed the way in which we desire and consume goods. A window display works by drawing a consumer in towards a store showing
them items that they do not necessarily need but have a desire or a want for, leaving a consumer with a want to go inside and purchase the items of
which they desire. The interior displays and layouts also influence consumerism and desire. Within the spaces of consumption itself have major
impact on the way in which we shop; they are designed to lead us around a certain path, and place similar items next to each other to tempt us into
buying more. Although it has been discussed that "in the late eighteenth century Oxford Street had already been described as a 'dazzling spectacle' of
'splendidly lit shop fronts' and 'alluring' and 'handsome' displays. (Nova, M, 1996, Page 46) it's not really until the nineteenth century that the link with
consumerism and desire has been considered to have be fully connected. This could be due to the historical and class divides of the years leading up to
the late eighteenth early nineteenth

What Is Being Gay To Being Fabulous?
According to the Merriam–Webster dictionary, fabulosity is defined as, "fabulous quality or character", and to be fabulous, "of an incredible,
astonishing, or exaggerated nature". The term fabulosity has been trademarked by model and entrepreneur, Kimora Lee–Simmons, when she wrote a
book titled under the popular term. According to her definition fabulosity is, "...a quality ascribed to that which expresses glamour, style, charisma,
power, and heart". So how does this word relate to the movement of queer theatre? In an article published by The Huffington Post, writer Simon
Doonan says, "To be a gay man is to live a life of fearless flamboyance". One can say that the association of being gay to being fabulous is explained
by living a life with

The New Negro Of The Harlem Renaissance
The New Negro Movement, also known as The Harlem Renaissance, was a time in the early twentieth century where African Americans embraced
literature, music, theatre, and visual arts (Alchin). They were inspired and gave inspiration to many blacks in the community. The Great Migration was
the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance – it is, where it began the most significant movement in the black history. After World War I, "more than six
million African Americans" traveled from "the rural South to the cities of the North, Midwest, and West" to achieve economic and social benefit, and a
new home in Harlem, New York City(History.com Staff). It "has been a synonym for being a center of culture, intelligence, and fashion" (Harlem).
That exact time period gave black people opportunity to grow, to prosper, and to express. Through art, they have shown the value of life, even though
there was brutal racism, injustice in black identity, and slavery. This is a movement in the black culture to show that they are just more than the color
of their skin.
The Harlem Renaissance started after World War I. Northern factories had a "huge demand" for workers; "southern blacks took this opportunity to
leave the oppressive economic conditions in the South" (Great Migration). Most of them resided in Harlem, New York City. Artists in this movement
had either painted pictures of everyday tasks, wrote poetry about freedom, and/or played jazz. It has highly themed of what it was like being a slave,

Analysis Of ' A Wonderfulle Hystorie Of Ye Rennownned...
Paige Breese
Dr. DeAnna Toten Beard
Theatre History II
March 4, 2015
"A Wonderfulle Hystorie of Ye Rennownned Princesse" These days, a burlesque show is considered a series of ladies dancing and singing in quite a
sensual way, but this idea of burlesque shows has been revisited and revived over the years. In the nineteenth century, for instance, a burlesque was a
type of show that parodied popular performers, plays, literature, and whatnot in a comically exaggerated way. Consider today's modern version:
Saturday Night Live. In that day, one of the most popular topics of culture was the Native American culture, due to the considerable conflict ensuing
between the Natives and the American settlers pushing west. Americans both feared the so–called savages and were intrigued by their natural way of
life. From this intrigue, the legend of Pocahontas became a major icon for literature. John Brougham – an actor, manager, and playwright– took the
popular icon of Pocahontas, and created a burlesque afterpiece that would live to become both the most popular burlesque of its kind, and the end–all
be–all of the Indian fascination on the American stage. The story less than accurately portrays the story of Pocahontas, including the marriage of
Captain John Smith and Pocahontas, but only after he wins her hand in a card game. Originally, Pocahontas' father, Chief Powatan, had Pocahontas
engaged to a Dutchman named Mynheer Rolff, meant to represent the historical character of John Rolfe,

Qualities Of Publi Binodini Dasi
new space for herself and also for other female actors during the conventional period of nineteenth century. She was also known as Noti Binodini
particularly at the performance domain. Binodini, who was born to a prostitute, belongs to the first generation of actress family of the Bengal public
theatre. She made her debut at the age of eleven in a one–line performance as Draupadi's hand maiden at Great National Theatre in Calcutta in 1874
under the guidelines, Girish Chandra Ghosh, who is the founder of the theatre. Within a short span of the time, she was recognised as a talented star.
The paper depicts categorically about the characters she performed during twelve years of her acting career. Apart from that, it talks how the
characters she performed are comparable to her personal life. The paper also talks about categorically how she was deceived by the chief coordinator
of the theatre, with whom she lived. The main aim of this paper is to dig out the virtuous noble qualities of women actresses, though they are
propagated as impure personalities in this male dominated society.
Key words: actress, performance, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In those days the ladies from upper–caste families were not allowed to act on stage. Theatre directors used to cast women from red light areas. This
was a legacy to the Indian performing arts as a whole, where, since ages, the only theatre artists used to be the prostitutes. Binodini was one among such
actor, who came from red light area of Kolkata as a prostitute. However her exceptional talent helped her stand out among all and be one of the
major Bengali thespians of her time. She had started her career as an actress at the tender age of twelve and by the time she retired, she was 23 years
old. Theatre lovers remembered her name for the ages to

The Cultural Value Of Ballet
The art of ballet, originating and initially flourishing within Europe's borders, experienced vast reforms between the mid–17th and early 20th centuries.
Born in France's royal court, ballet pursued its most defining escalation upon Louis XIV's founding of the AcadГ©mie Royale de Danse in 1661,
wherein professional dancers received training to perform for the king and his court. Upon ballet's increased state of professionalism and movement to
locations apart from the court ballroom, women were incorporated into the formerly male–dominated art, leading ballet to be deemed a woman's
profession by the nineteenth century. With the coming of the 20th century, a focus regarding the view of the human body combined with a desire for
modernization ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Ballets Russes, perhaps the most celebrated company in history, transformed the face of ballet from the nineteenth–century's classically rigid
nature to that of modernistic tendencies by means of societal proceedings. Following the devastating events of Bloody Sunday in 1905, wherein
governmental troops opened fire on peacefully petitioning peasants and workers, the Russian tsar released his October Manifesto in an attempt to
achieve compromise within society. Out of dispute, dancers such as Mikhail Fokine, Anna Pavlova, and Vaslav Nijinsky arranged secret meetings and
protests with the help of students at the Theater School. Yearning for a greater input regarding the "future of their art" after years of discouragement by
"Imperial mismanagement," such artists were pushed to sign a declaration of loyalty to the Russian state. With the commitment of Sergei Legat's
suicide, the bond that once existed between the tsar and Russian art community was utterly disunited. Performing a short solo titled The Dying Swan,
Pavlova's movements proved to be of an "improvisatory" nature, parting with the prior physical and cultural distinctiveness so long associated with
classical ballet. Paving the path to a style of dance that allowed for greater liberty and intensity on the dancer's part, this

The Historical Reflection Of Anne Crimp's 'Anne'
The memories of 'Anne' are corrected while spoken, and the photographs are proven as unreliable as 'Anne's' mother fails to recognise her daughter
in the picture she has sent from her holiday. When she glances closer she realises the photograph is simply 'dots and pixels', and does not resemble
her daughter. Crimp satirises the historical biographies of people are made of reconstructions of memories, opinions and interpretations, while objects,
photographs and videos are the only concrete evidence of the past.The speaker creates reflections of Anne through various medias such as photographs,
videos, film scripts, suicide notes as well as personal belongings such as medicine bottles or her ashtray. The speaker's testimonials include her... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The objectification of woman has been a highly controversial topic and the source of feminist outrage for centuries and is highly exploited in
Attempts on Her Life. The fungibility of the female character emphasises the notion that women are merely seen as objects. Throughout the play
'Anne' is described as objects, embodying a 'chalice' or 'rugby ball' as her face held by a male lover. In Scenario 6 she is characterised as a tree
going on to tell her parents that she wants to 'be a machine' a car or an automatic pistol, satirising the message of media's constructed views to see
females as mere objects. Crimp goes one step further to create a limitless identity by the addition of a motor vehicle. His contemporary idea
theorised 'If Anny can be a car, she can be anything' and had since revealed in an interview that the moment he included 'Anny' into the play was when
the content and structure fully formed. Scenario 7 entitled 'The New Anny' does not show a new female but instead introduces a new brand of car
called 'Anny'. The car commercial highlights the sexualisation of the female body in advertising by comparing the female body to the body of a car.
The representation of the car reduces the female to commodity status, signifying the objectification of women in modern society and specifically media
and advertising. Crimp had noticed the growing trend and new–found

Taking a Look at the Dreyfus Affair
The Dreyfus Affair, Severine, Marguerite Durand and Sarah Bernhardt challenged the way the New Woman should be idealized. While Durand and
Bernhardt symbolized women who used their various qualities to exert power over their male counterparts and alter the way society viewed women,
Severine and the case involving Dreyfus questioned the way the New Woman and French Officials were portrayed in Fin–de–SiГЁcle France.
The Dreyfus affair took place in the town of Rennes in the 1890's and involved a Jew/former officer in the army named Alfred Dreyfus. The case was
brought about when Dreyfus was accused of treason due to the army's large connection to Anti–Semitism. This affair became a major turning point in
journalism in France because it opened up the doors to French collective opinion in the press. This case involving Dreyfus relates heavily to our course
due to its connection to the New Woman. During the affair, women who supported the case were considered a "wandering Jew," which was a
demeaning term to describe women who did not claim a role in French society. By not having a fixed representation attached to themselves, these
women, nonetheless, were considered a wandering Jew claimed to have no strong characterization of identity or beliefs. Our course discusses the
stereotypes fixated on women through the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Individuals, not just in France, look to place individuals in
categories that are fixed. The term "wandering Jew," that

Anger In A Doll's House
Anger is perhaps not well understood because it is omnipresent; anger is so familiar that we assume we know what it is. Anger may be partly
physiological, cognitive and psychological, yet it is also deeply ideological. Anger can be manifested in art or literature as a communal sensation
towards social, political or economical conditions. (Sue J. 6)
"It is wise to direct your anger towards problems – not people; to focus your energies on answers – not excuses," said William Arthur Ward (Ward 24),
and so much can be said for the authors, dramatists and novelists, in the modern era who attempted, through their writings, to crack the shell that is the
literary restrictions on writing, and expressed their anger toward all their surroundings. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the turn of the century, Expressionism and Symbolism were important, especially in Northern Europe. Both involved non–realistic styles of acting,
staging, and language, with expressionism concentrating on using unusual technical devices to project the interior states of characters. Surrealist drama,
including the work of Eugene Ionesco, is an outgrowth of Expressionism, but no longer presumes internal coherence and follows the illogic of dream
states or random occurrences. Another group of plays focused on social and political critique, in the case of Berthold Brecht combined with techniques
of alienation (which emphasize the unreal nature of the play) to force the audience to think critically rather than empathetically. After the World War I
western mostly lost its separate literary identity and more internationally unified. Realism, naturalism and symbolism continued to dominate the plays.
In English drama John Galsworthy's plays are considered to be plays of naturalism. Another important movement in early 20th century drama was
expressionism. They tried to depict the dehumanizing aspects of 20th century technological life. Even though we cannot find much playwrights of
expressionism in English other western writers followed this. The Angry Young Men of England also engage in socially aware portraits of the working
class but in a more aesthetically conservative style. In a negative description,

Theatrical Syndicate History
History of Theatrical Syndicate The origin of the theatrical syndicate had come to be in early 1896, when six men had gathered together for a lunch
and had all came out with an idea to how they would be able to control the booking of the top theatrical attractions of the U.S. The six men had called
this act in which they where trying to make come to life as the Theatrical Syndicate. Within just a couple of weeks of this lunch meeting that the 6 men
had they ended up using all of their theatres in which they had either represented or owned, and put each one of their theatres into a national chain. In
the early twentieth centuries in order for the syndicate to take control of the of the major cities, they all came to the conclusion that first... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Forms of theatre at the the time had became very direct regarding box office receipts. The creating of having big stars in plays had come to being a
very substantial business. Producers had also started enhancing their ability of being able to draw the audience in, and also have more plays which
had suited the likes of the audience and what they would wanted to feel and see during plays. There where also other people who had praised the
theatrical syndicate in the beliefs that the theatrical syndicate had actually saved theatre by maintain and standardizing the bookings. Also Daniel
Frohman, which is a brother of one of the men which are in the Theatrical syndicate by the name of Charles Frohman, was very influenced also by the
theatrical Syndicate's movement. What Daniel Frohman had to say about the influencing of the theatrical syndicate was "they decided that its only
economic hope was in a centralization of booking interests, and they acted immediately on this decision." In other words the only way for our economy
going back to being stable financial whys would be the Theatrical Syndicate and them being able to maintain and also standardized the booking interest.
Since the economy had taken a financial toll on actors producers, and theatre managers at the time the Theatre Syndicate is what pretty much brought
everyone out of that financial crisis back then and

Cross Dressing Laws In The 19th Century
In the nineteenth century, a variety of legal, extra–legal, and illegal control and violence were used against women and men of the nineteenth century.
Cross–dressing laws, night rides, lynching, and rape are some of the forms of control and violence enforced. Cross–dressing laws were enacted to
control people who the public thought of as going against the social and gender norms of the nineteenth century. In contradiction to this, cross–dressing
laws were only enforced in public spaces and areas (Sears 62). If a person was to cross–dress in the privacy of their own home, then no action was to
be taken against them due to the private setting. Cross–dressing laws were also used to prohibit feminist dress reformers and impersonators of the
opposite gender (62). Feminist dress reformers referring to women who dressed in male clothing styles, such as trousers and top hats instead of skirts
and bonnets. The cross–dressing laws that were enacted, particularly in San Francisco between the years 1860s to 1890s, made women and men hide
their differences and preferences behind closed doors. The only way that cross–dressing males and females could be allowed in the public was through
entertainment venues. Entertainment venues such as theatres, museums, tours of the slums, and even freak show exhibits (97). Through these venues,
the public created an attachment of strangeness and weirdness around non–entertainment cross–dressers. Another form of control over the people of the
nineteenth

Musical Theatre Research Paper
Dance is a universal language, there are no words being said but you can still feel something very powerful. Dance has been around for centuries,
some of the earliest known records are paintings from nine thousand years ago in India. There are also some dancing figures from an Egyptian tomb
that were found which were dated back to three thousand, three hundred BC. It is said that before the invention of written language, dance was the most
powerful method to tell stories throughout generations. Is this why dance is still around after so many years, because it can portray amazing stories
with no words? Today, we are going to explore the many reasons why dance, in the use of musical theatre, can make the difference between an amateur
show and a Broadway show. Musical theatre is a show with spoken words, songs which progress the show, acting, and of course dancing. Throughout
the nineteenth century is when the emergence of modern Western musical theatre began. Gilbert and Sullivan, and Harrigan and Hart were some of the
men who established a structural element to the creation of musical theatre. After this musical theatre slowly began to pick up and become quite a
popular form of theatre. Show Boat (1927) and Oklahoma! (1943) made a push toward the progression of musical theatre today. This set the standards
for musicals throughout the world and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You can make a combination of dance and spoken word, song and dance or just have dance stand alone without the others; any of these can progress
a show tremendously if placed and done right. This can be through a numerous amount of dance styles. To progress you can use a solo dance number
or you can have a whole group number, the amount of opportunities are endless. Personally, I find the best way for a show to continue, is through a
dance with a small group or even a dance

Taking a Look at the Britannia Panopticon
"The Britannia Panopticon is not the sort of heritage you walk about gazing at while thinking, 'Isn't that pretty'," admitted the music hall's preservation
director Judith Bowers. She claims that a truly restored Panopticon would have to reflect its thousand–strong poor and even "rough" audience, paying
tribute to the folk who frequented the theatre over its long history.
The Panopticon was built in 1857 on the site of an old warehouse by the partnership of little–known architect Thomas Gildard and his brother–in–law
H.M. McFarlane. The building, which was born as a music hall and can be counted among the first to get electricity in Glasgow, became one of the
earliest establishments to be put into moving picture. It also housed freak shows, carnivals, waxworks and even an indoor zoo attracting a diverse
audience. It came to be called a "people's theatre" in the hands of its most notable owner A.E. Pickard – a notorious business man, millionaire and quite
the eccentric person. Unblemished or nearly intact purpose–built theatres from an early age are extremely rare in Britain. This is due to the fact that
theatres that were failing financially were razed by the dozens in order to sell the land. Even financially successful theatres were razed so that they
could be rebuilt bigger and better. Consequently, Britannia Music Hall, one of the few remaining examples of a nineteenth–century music hall, is worth
restoration and preservation. Other historic theatre buildings, like the

Margaret Fuller Vs. Herman Melville
(1255 words) Margaret Fuller vs. Herman Melville Kendall Kinney ENGL267 In her 1945 article, Woman in the Nineteenth Century, Margaret
Fuller illustrates a world in which "there exists in the minds of men a tone of feeling toward women as toward slaves", and where men hold "the
belief that Woman was made for Man". Two books, Herman Melville's Moby Dick and Woman in the Nineteenth Century, provide male and female
perspective in the 19th century. These separate texts exemplify two sides of the same coin. On the one hand, Woman in the Nineteenth Century
provides perspective of the feminine experience in a male dominated world while Moby Dick portrays a society from a male point of view and
experiences woman as subservient to himself.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is the extent of Melville allows to cover the depth of her character. In fact, when Ishmael retreats into the kitchen to request a second serving
by simply "utter[ing] the word 'cod'" (59), the interaction is more reminiscent of a person directing a dog to perform a trick than demonstrating an
interaction with another human. The portrayal of Mrs. Hussey in which her personality is entirely dedicated to performing tasks mirrors Fuller's
description of the masculine ideal that "[women] must be kept from mischief and melancholy by being constantly engaged in labor". Mrs. Hussey's
primary purpose in the plot is to serve two men, Ishmael and Queequeg. Despite her seemingly diligent service, Ishmael displays a lack of respect
towards her. In the scene where Queequeg locks himself in his room for his Ramadan ritual, Ishmael disregards Mrs. Hussey's request to not knock
down Queequeg's door and speaks to her in the mocking tone of, "La! la, ma'am!–Mistress! murder! Mrs. Hussey! Apoplexy!" (74). Ishmael's actions
align with the male saying expressed by Fuller that goes, "You cannot reason with a woman". The second of the two appearing female characters is
Captain Bildad's sister, Aunt Charity, described by Ishmael as being "ready to turn her hand and heart to anything that promised to yield safety,
comfort, and consolation to all on board a ship in which her beloved brother Bildad was concerned"(86). "After the Pequod had been hauled out from

The Rise Of The Melodrama
The Rise of the Melodrama in the 19th Century
In the nineteenth century, many movements arose in the field of theatre both in the United States and in Europe. Some of the movements that took
place in the west together with the melodrama includes the plays o naturalism, Romanticism, well–made plays of scribes and Sardou, Wilde's
drawing–room comedies, symbolism and the farces of Feydeau as depicted in the late works of Henrik Ibsen. Melodrama is a collective name to refer to
open group of films that the majority of reviewers refers to as romance, thrillers, and drama. The melodrama as a source of entertainment is believed to
have spread rapidly in the nineteenth century due to the growth of industrial revolution and urban development (McHugh 41). It is important to note
that this genre is multi–disciplinary in its nature as it accepts elements from another category of films, hence the open name category. Therefore,
melodrama is one of the widely most appreciated and has attracted the interest of many reviewers since the nineteenth century, hence the rapid rise.
The movies under this category have attracted the attention of many reviewers because of some reasons. The films are widely appreciated because of
their wider exposition of culture as well as sophisticated and rich subject matter. The show of culture and emotional expression that the movie contains
has drastically changed the description of the category from action films to relationship film. Additionally, the movies

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