The document describes a proposed method for generating electricity from speed breakers on roads. A mechanism is developed using a rack and pinion system to convert the kinetic energy of moving vehicles into rotational motion. As vehicles pass over speed breakers, the downward motion of the rack is converted to rotational energy via pinions connected to gears and a shaft. This shaft powers a generator to produce electricity. The electricity could be stored in batteries and used locally. Initial tests showed that a single speed breaker could generate around 1 kW of power per hour from 100 passing vehicles. The system aims to harness wasted kinetic energy and provide a renewable source of small-scale electricity generation.

1. Electricity generation from speed
breaker
By - MAE2/2023
1
Supervisor - Anil Kumar Dahiya
Submitted By - Aman Kumar Yadav (12014803619)
- Akshat Mishra (12614803619)
- Deveshwer Sharma (35914803619)
- Siddharth Bajaj (35814803619)
- Shavist Kumar (75414803619)

2. Introduction
During last few decades, electrical energy is the basic requirement of human beings. The ratio of
electricity requirement is increasing day by day. But we know that the resources for power generation are
limited, and this has caused the energy crisis. The increasing power demand results reduce in conventional
resources for power generation and increase the pollutants emissions. It is a need of time to think about
non-conventional energy resources or renewable energy resources which are eco-friendly to the environment.
In order to minimise the emission of greenhouse gases, renewable energy technologies are widely used for
electricity generation. Solar and wind technologies are frequently used for electricity generation.
The flow of traffic on rushed load is control by the use of Speed Breakers.The annual rate of motor vehicle growth in
India is increasing day by day. The weight of vehicles in term of potential energy can be utilized for electricity
generation purposes. In this project, we developed a method of generating electricity using speed breaker on the
roads. To obtain maximum power, the flow of moving vehicles is very important. In this mechanism,a rack and pinions
are used. This mechanism converts the kinetic energy of moving vehicles into electric energy with the help of speed
breaker on the roads. This is generating many kilowatts of power by using downward as well as the upward motion of
rack. Downward motion is caused by load and upward motion is due to restoring force utilizing store power in springs.
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3. Below pie chart shows the power generation in India by each sector in
the FY 2018-19 AND 2021-2022
Speed-breakers are movement quieting devices generally introduced to decrease speed related mischances.Speed
breakers are intended to be rolled over at a foreordained agreeable rate while bringing on surpassing inconvenience at
higher rates. The diminishment in normal vehicular speed essentially enhances the security of individuals in the
neighbouring territories. These devices are most common in developing countries.Consequently,speed-breakers are
regular in numerous developing countries, including India, Chile, Egyptian Empire and Ghana.
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4. Initially, electrical crisis in South Africa has made there people to implement this method to light up small villages of the
highway. The thought is basic physics i.e. to convert the kinetic energy of the vehicles into electrical energy that gone
wasted when the vehicle passes over speed-breaker. Since then, a lot has been done in this field.
An amateur innovator in Guwahati has developed a simple mechanism that can generate power when a vehicle passes
over a speed breaker. Kanak Gogoi, a small time businessman, has developed a system to generate power by converting
the potential energy generated by a vehicle passing up on a speed breaker into kinetic energy. This innovation has caught
the eyes of the Indian institute of technology (IIT), Guwahati, which will fund a pilot project to produce electricity from
speed breaker.
Literature Review

5. RESEARCH PAPER
Recently numerous attempts and models have been suggested and tested for harnessing kinetic energy of vehicles
through speed breaker. Mechanisms which include springs by A.K. Singh, Deepak S., Madhawendra K. and V.
Pandit Rack and Pinion by Aswathaman. V, Priyadharshini.M, Shakun Srivastava , Ankit Asthana in
“Produce electricity by the use of speed Breakers” and by Ankit Gupta, Kuldeep Chaudhary & B.N Agrawal in
“An Experimental study of Generation of Electricity using Speed Breaker”. Slider crank by Noor Fatima and Jiyaul
Mustafa in “Production of electricity by the method of road power generation” have been suggested for producing
electricity. Electrodynamics based models by Ankita and Meenu Bala in ”Power generation from speed breaker”
have also been suggested, but are not only expensive to fabricate but also involve complicated calculations and
can’t be used a large scale very easily. Totaram uses a platform plate which is kept inclined ona raised base level to
allow vehicles to pass over the raised surface. This system will not work till a vehicle passes on roadway
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6. RESEARCH PAPER - II
The rotor is directly connected to the prime mover and rotates as the prime mover turns. The rotor contains a
magnet that, when turned, produces a rotating magnetic field. The rotor is surrounded by a stationary casing called
the stator, which encloses the wound copper coils or windings. When the moving magnetic field passesacross these
windings, electricity is generated in them. By controlling the speed at which the rotor is turned, a steady flow of
electricity is generated in the windings. These windings are connected to the electricity network through
transmission lines. IIT Guwahati has appraised the machine and recommended it to the Assam ministry of power
for large scale funding. A K Das, a professor at IIT's design department says it is a 'very practical proposition' to
harness thousands of MWs of electricity available across the country every day.
A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg passing up a height of 10 cm on such a rumble strip produces approximately 0.98
kilowatt power. So one such speed-breaker on a busy highway, where about 100 vehicles passing every minute,
approx. one kilowatt of electricity can be generated every single minute. The figure will be giant at the end of the
day.A storage module like an inverter will have to be fitted to each such rumble strip to store this generated
electricity. The cost of electricity generation and storage per megawatt from speed-breakers will be around Rs 1
crore as opposed to about Rs 8 crores in thermal or hydro power stations.
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7. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
❖ To use a non-conventional source of energy to generate electricity with no
emissions .
❖ To produce electricity with less floor area.
❖ To discover and trap a readily available source of energy.
❖ To reduce load on the national grid.
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8. Methodology
When a car reaches on speed breaker, rack moves downward to generate linear motion.Two pinions
are attached to a rack which converts the linear motion of rack into rotary motion. Both pinions have
unidirectional motion, like as bicycle sprocket.Two gears are mounted on pinion shaft to transfer
mechanical power to the common shaft having one gear. At final shaft, a flywheel is used to provide
uniform motion. A belt is used to transfer mechanical motion of the common shaft to DC generator.
The complete gearbox is dipped in lubrication oil sump to minimize frictional losses. There are no
chances of slipping between rack and pinions due to guide slots. DC generator generates DC power
which is stored in batteries same as in solar technology.The generated power can be used for the
domestic purpose or commercially, which are present near the speed breaker.
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9. Rack and pinion mechanism
The rack and pinion mechanism is shown in Fig 1. Fig 1(a) shows that when a car reaches on the speed breaker, it
applies its weight on the speed breaker. The rack is connected with the speed breaker and two pinions mesh across the
rack. Due to the weight on the speed breaker, rack moves downward and linear motion is obtained. It rotates the
pinions which are attached on the both sides of the rack. At this point, linear motion of rack converts into angular
motion. Only right sided pinion transfer power and pinion mashed on left side keep rotating without transfer of
power. Fig 1(b) represent that four springs help the speed breaker to move upward and thus only left sided pinion
transfer power and pinion mashed on right side keep rotating without transfer of power a complete cycle of linear to
rotary motion is obtained. At load,one side of pinion engages and another side of pinion disengage. Similarly, restoring
force engages another side of the pinion and first side of pinion disengage.They transfer power in forward as well as the
reverse stroke of speed breaker respectively and provide continuous angular motion.
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10. Fig 2 display working principle of rack and pinion mechanism and internal mechanism of SBPG.
Gear of different teeth and diameter are mounted on both pinion shaft to maximize the number of revolutions.
A gear mounted on the common shaft is placed between both pinion’s shafts. The flywheel is mounted on the
common shaft. It keeps the rotation of the shaft in uniform angular motion. It stores the jerky rotations of
pinion shaft. Mechanical rotation is used to rotate the shaft of the generator through a belt. The shaft of
maximum RPM (common shaft) is coupled with DC generator. A DC generator produces direct current.
According to Faraday's law of induction when coil moves inside the magnetic field, it generates electric
current.It rotates the rotor of the generator and in this way, the electricity is generated.
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11. Fig 3 represents the 3D model of SBPG mechanism.
Fig 3(a) identify 3D model by offing road and speed breaker. Four springs are used to provide the upward
motion. Utilizing energy (under the application of restoring force when the load is removed) rack moves upward
and regain its original position. Two Support platforms for spring are welded to the frame to support the springs.
Three supporting bars support whole mechanism. Guide slots lead speed breaker in the straight line and save
it from trouble. Rubber beadings are used around the edges of SBPG to prevent water and dust from entering
into it.
Fig 3(b) illustrate the complete 3D model of SBPG mechanism.
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12. Block Diagram of SBPG
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13. Expected Result
Consider 100 cars of mass 400 kg pass over a speed breaker in an hour. The height of rack is 14cm,
the diameter of the final pulley is 18mm and having revolution speed (N) is equal to 37 RPM.
Downward motion of speed breaker is due to the weight of moving the vehicle and upward motion of
speed breaker is take place due to the utilization of energy from springs. Each car pushes speed
breaker two times.
Force = F = mg - (1) => F = 400 x 9.8 = 3920N
r = 9mm
T = r x F (Nm) - (2) => T = 9x 10-3 x 3920 => T = 35.28 (Nm)
P = T.ω - (3)
P = 35.28 x 2πN/60
P = 35.28 x (2 x 3.14 x 37)/60 => P = 136.62 W
Total generated in forward and reversed stroke.
P = 2 x 136.62 W => P = 273.24 W
Revolution in one minute = 200/60 = 3.33rev/min
Power generated per minute = 273.24 × 3.33 = 909.89 W (minute)
Power generated in one Hour = 909.89 x 60= 54.59 KW (hour).
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14. Voltage Generated (vs) Load
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LOAD (Kgs) VOLTAGE GENERATED (V)
60 8.33
130 9.45
170 10.22
200 11.23
270 11.81

15. Merits And Demerits
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MERIT DEMERITS
Low budget electricity production We have to check mechanism From time to
time
Less floor area It can get rusty in Rainy season
No obstruction to traffic May not work with Light weight Vehicles
Suitable at parking of multiplexes, malls,
tolls, signals etc
Less Quantity

16. Different masses are applied on the speed-breaker and the measured the electrical power.
Fig 5 shows the linear relationship between the load and produce power
GRAPH - POWER GENERATION
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17. Air Piston Mechanism
Different approaches were made to generate power through speed breakers but in some way or other every approach
had its own limits. Air piston mechanism is a different kind of approach with high efficiency as compared to previous
ones. In this, when the vehicle passes over the curved shape metal sheet i.e. dome, it goes down due to the load of
vehicle.This assembly pushes down to the spring. This curved dome is connected with the piston via linking rod. This
quick movement of piston downward compresses air in the compressor cylinder which escapes out from the delivery
valve and it stored in the air cylinder. When the vehicle goes away from the speed breaker, the dome along with piston
moves up quickly due to which the action of spring allows air intake into the compressor cylinder. These steps are
repeated with the consecutive passing of vehicles.
The frequent up and down movement of air compressor piston which is attached with speed breaker dome completes
the intake and exhaust strokes of the air compressor repetitively thus rotating the shaft of the generator. Therefore,
these repeated cycles will be possible with busy roads will store a good amount of pressurized air in the air cylinder
that can be utilized for useful purposes. Hence power is generated with maximum efficiency. But this setup is not
favorable from economical point of view.
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18. 18
The supporting frame was made from a square mile steel pipe (30 mm x 30 mm 0.5 mm). The cylinder liners
were made from a steel pipe with an inner bore diameter of 55 mm and outer diameter of 70 mm the sleeve
was made smooth by turning the bore size to 60 mm using a lathe machine. The resulting cylinder was welded
on a 3 mm mild steel sheet to form a dead end. The metal sheet was drilled using a power drilling machine to
provide and orifice for the air that will be compressed out of the cylinder. The piston rod was welded to a
circular connector where the piston can be joined to the piston rod. The piston rings were mounted on it and
using the piston pins, the piston was connected to the piston rod. The air receiver tank was installed on the
supporting frame by placing it on the seat provided for it at its base and by welding the cylinder older at the top
to the body of the supporting frame. The speed breaker was constructed from a 3 mm thick mild steel sheet.
The road surface was made from plywood.
Working principles of Speed Breaker
The Speed breaker mechanism for generating electricity was conceived from the principle of mechanical
vibrations. It converts potential energy (as a result of the weight of the vehicle on the speed bump) to electrical
energy. The air compressor is installed between the speed bump and a DC alternator.the weight of the vehicle
on the speed breaker pushes the speed breaker downward. The movement of the speed breaker pushes the
piston through the barrel thereby compressing the air into an air receiver tank. The stored air is then released
by the help of a valve to rotate a coil through an electromagnetic field to generate electric current.
METHOD

19. Air Piston Mechanism
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20. Merits And Demerits
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MERIT DEMERITS
Eco – friendly It cannot give constant power output.
Operation is very easy and simple to
understand so less operating staff is require
It cannot be used in less traffic area.
adjustable speed bumps so it can easily
move and transport to any location
It is a costly setup compared to others.
provide electricity in villages near to
highway, to fed power directly to smart grid.
High maintenance

21. COMPARATIVE FLOW CHART
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22. Gantt Chart
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23. CONCLUSION
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This is generating many kilowatts power by using downward as well as the upward motion
of rack. With the help of speed breaker mechanism, linear motion of rack is converted into
rotary motion of pinion and thus is used to rotate the shaft of DC generator. It generates
273.24 watts with 400 kg of load and 14cm of the height of the rack. DC voltages charge
the batteries during the passage of moving vehicles. Using inverter (DC to AC
conversion), we will be able to use batteries power for other useful applications. It can be
implemented on the toll plazas, highways. Guide slots and lubricating oil sump is required
to minimise friction losses. The initial cost of this arrangement is high but after the first
cost, it will be free energy system. As Indian government is planning to reduce its
dependence on Coal and focus on renewable sources more in coming year, this would be
the best and the most cost efficient way to generate electricity.

24. REFERENCE (RACK AND PINION)
1. M. Ramadan, M. Khaled, and H. El Hage, "Using speed bump for power
generation–Experimental study," Energy Procedia, vol. 75, pp. 867-872, 2015.
2. P. A. Weber and J. P. Braaksma, "Towards a North American geometric design standard for
speed humps," Institute of Transportation Engineers. ITE Journal, vol. 70, p. 30, 2000.
3. C. E. Schramm, "Green Road: Harvesting Wasted Vehicular Kinetic Energy," WORCESTER
POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, 2016.
4. V. Dmitriev, "Electric Power Generating Speed Bump," ed: Google Patents, 2012.
5. P. kumar Periasamy and S. J. Abraham, "Simple generator," ed: Google Patents, 2008.
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25. 25
1) Jackson, W.D. - liquid metal faraday type MHD generators, IEEE on 1963, volume: 82, issue:
69
2) International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 6, June-2013,
ISSN 2229-5518.
3) International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT) Volume 2,
Issue 2, March 2013.
4) International Journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering IJARSE, Vol. No.2,
Issue No. 2, February, 2013.
REFERENCE (AIR PISTON MECHANISM)