This document provides an overview of behavior analysis as a natural science approach to understanding behavior. It describes how behavior analysis has evolved from early psychology to become a data-driven science focused on observable behavioral processes rather than hypothetical constructs. Key aspects of radical behaviorism are discussed, including its empiricism, determinism, and analysis of behavioral functions like reinforcement, motivating operations, and discriminative stimuli. The document emphasizes that behavior analysis strategies involve assessing environmental influences on behavior through functional behavior assessments and designing interventions to strengthen desirable behaviors based on reinforcement.

1. BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS in 2010 Behavior analysis processes and strategies, complementing medical and psychiatric services for people with Developmental Disabilities and Dual Diagnoses.

2. CURRENT STATUS OF BEHAVIOR ANALYSISBorn of PsychologyEvolved into a different paradigmSignificantly different philosophy, theoretical framework, research and strategiesPSYCHOLOGYMindThe seat of perceptions, self consciousness, thinking, behaving, remembering, hoping, desiring, judging, analyzing, evaluating, reasoning, conation* or volition/will.

3. Existence as a conscious, perceiving, independent entity. Mind/body (or brain) are separate entities.

4. Mind may apprehend some truths directly, without requiring the medium of the senses.

5. Overrides reflex response and frees behavior from sense dominance.

6. Focus on thoughts/feelings as causes of behavior*The aspect of mental processes directed toward action or change and including impulse, desire, volition, and striving.

7. PSYCHOLOGYPhilosophy:Freedom of choiceIndividuals are responsible

8. Blamed for bad choices

9. Credited for goodPSYCHOLOGYStrategies:Talk therapyPsychotherapy

10. CounselingEmphasisFeelings: Being in touch with, controlling them

11. Thoughts: Changing themThe ultimate intent is to change behavior “from the inside.”

12. EVOLUTION OF THE SCIENCE OF BEHAVIOR1913 to 1930 Classical S-R Behaviorism1938 Classical and Operant BehaviorismRadical Behaviorism 1953 to presentOperant and Respondent behavior

13. Growing behavioral processes

14. Verbal behavior: Operant, socially mediated behavior

15. Private events

16. An in depth, data based, effective natural scienceRADICAL BEHAVIORISMA Natural SciencePhilosophical assumptions:EmpiricismAll knowledge is derived from sense experience

17. The method of observation and experiment used in natural sciences (physics, chemistry, biology)

18. Behavior, and behavior processes (the repeated effects of environmental events) are identified and described by scientific observations

19. No hypothetical constructs

20. No Mind, ID, EGO, SUPER EGO and so onRADICAL BEHAVIORISMA Natural SciencePhilosophical assumptions:DeterminismPhylogenic Selection: Genetic/Darwinian

21. Ontogenetic Selection: Event/Behavior Interactions/Experiences

22. Contingencies strengthening and building behaviors

23. No blame

24. Credit (practically not theoretically)RADICAL BEHAVIORISMSelected behavioral/acquisition functions:Behaviors are signaled, motivated and selected by environmental eventsElicited respondent behavior is modified by classical conditioningEvoked operant behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequencesVerbal behavior as socially mediated operant behaviorVerbal behavior encompassing private events or “mental processes”Analyses of these primary behavioral processes identify behavior change strategies

25. RADICAL BEHAVIORISMPrimary Behavioral Processes/Functions Leading to Strategies:All procedures, processes and effects are observable and measurable. They are comprised of environmental events and these events can have multiple functions.

26. RADICAL BEHAVIORISMPrimary Behavioral Processes/Functions Leading to Strategies:Motivating Operations .3Establishing Operations .4

27. Abolishing Operations .5Discriminative stimuli .6Behaviors/Skills .1Reinforcement .2Schedules of reinforcement .7

28. RADICAL BEHAVIORISMBehavior:Observable, measureable interactions with the environmentActions, feelings, thoughtsJohnston and Pennypacker(1993) defined behavior as “…that portion of an organism’s interaction with its environment that is characterized by detectable displacement in space through time of some part of the organism and that results in a measurable change in at least one aspect of the environment.”

29. RADICAL BEHAVIORISMBehavior examples:OKKicked out a windowRode a bikeHit and broke a noseRead out loudScreamed 10 secondsSaid “Thank you.”Repeated the Gettysburg Address privatelyBADAggressivePassiveTantrumResponsibleNon compliantRudeHallucinated