This document appears to be a midterm examination for a foundations of early childhood education course. It consists of multiple choice questions, true/false questions requiring corrections to false statements, an identification section requiring short answers, and an essay section asking to explain the salient features of four philosophical bases of early childhood education - pragmatism, gestaltism, humanism, and realism. The examination covers topics related to the history and theories of early childhood education.

1. MIDTERM EXAMINATION
FOUNDATIONS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION
Name: __________________________________________________ Score:
______________
Year & Section: ___________________________________________ Date: ______________
I. Multiple Choice 10 points
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer before the
number. STRICTLY NO ERASURES.
1. Life span development begins with and ends with _________.
a. birth; death
b. conception; old age
c. infancy; old age
d. conception; death
2. The Puritans were known for being the first to:
a. Translate the Bible into different languages for their curriculum.
b. Develop subscription schools.
c. Pass the first education law.
d. Teach college in their homes.
3. Which of the following is NOT true about development?
a. Development is a product of heredity alone.
b. Development patterns show wide individual differences.
c. Development proceeds from the simple (concrete) to more complex.
d. Development depends on maturation and learning.
4. Two years of age are described as “terrible two” by Erik Erikson because:
a. They are inquisitive.
b. They are playful.
c. They are sickly.
d. They are assertive.
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2. 5. When a teacher emphasizes that man’s sense should be trusted because they are
the only way to acquire knowledge, the teacher can be regarded as _______.
a. Empiricist
b. Existentialist
c. Naturalist
d. Pragmatist
6. Educational philosophy that aims to educate the rational person; to cultivate the
intellect.
a. Progressivism
b. Reconstructionism
c. Essentialism
d. Perennialism
7. To educate learners according to nature means to provide lesson/learning
activities in accordance to the natural laws of __________.
a. Human Development
b. Learning
c. Natural Sciences
d. Teaching and Learning
8. He is the foremost advocate of children’s right to education.
a. Desiderius Erasmus
b. Jan Jacques Rosseau
c. Michael Halliday
d. Robert Owen
9. One of the proponents of Nursery school, a program established to demonstrate
care and concern with nurture as well as learning.
a. Elizabeth Peabody
b. Margaret McMillan
c. Rachel Schurz
d. Maria Montessori
10.The man behind the Reggio-Emilia Approach to education.
a. Johan Heinrich Pestalozzi
b. John Amos Comenius
c. John Locke
d. Loris Malaguzzi
II. True or False 20 points

3. DIRECTION: Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if the statement is FALSE and
change the underline word or phrase to make the statement true. STRICTLY NO
ERASURES.
__________ 1. Early childhood education offers toddlers learning experiences that benefit
them throughout their educational career.
__________ 2. Learning begins when a child first walks into a classroom.
__________ 3. In both contexts, children from disadvantaged groups have the most to
gain from ECE – and the most to lose from being excluded.
__________ 4. Innocence of parental education are two of the most critical barriers to
early childhood programs.
__________ 5. Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the
physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to
adulthood.
__________ 6. Children lucky enough to be chosen as oblates were educated by monks
and were considered to be the future of the monastery.
__________ 7. Children were exposed to bright, colored manuscripts and were
encouraged to develop a speech.
__________ 8. Plato encouraged parents to use less harsh forms of discipline and
punishments to motivate their children, and both believed that children would want to
learn if they found the content enjoyable.
__________ 9. Supported present-day belief that children’s social and emotional
development is an important part of the ECE curriculum.
__________ 10. Froebel believed children were social creatures, and memorizing was the
most natural and efficient through activity and work was an essential part of learning.
III. Identification 10 Points
DIRECTION: Identify what is ask for each question. WRITE YOUR ANSWER BEFORE THE
NUMBER. WRITE LEGIBLY. STRICTLY NO ERASURES.
1. According to this philosopher, the primary role of education is to teach children
to read.
2. Desiderius Erasmus encouraged parents to use less harsh forms of ________ and
________ to motivate their children.
3. He was a Czech theologian, philosopher, teacher and writer who thought
education could improve society.
4. John Locke said that children are “_____________” that the environment fills with
knowledge.
5. The quality of the environment will impact the quality of children’s ________ and
_________.
6. Children’s development occurs over time and in accordance with the child’s own
innate timetable. It is referred to as _________.
7. A French aristocrat, famous for his fairy tales and under the name Mother Goose.

4. 8. He encouraged young women to study to teach kindergarten.
9. Kindergarten was originated at ____________ in __________ by Froebel.
10.He played with Rousseau's ideas while educating his own son, but when his son
could still not read at the age of 11, he decided that Rousseau's methods were
ineffective and developed his own methods instead.
IV. Essay 10 Points
DIRECTION: Give the salient features of each of the philosophical bases of ECED. Explain
your answers briefly.
1. Pragmatism
2. Gestaltism
3. Humanism
4. Realism